complementary to auth. certificate Kl, V 60 b 3/04 210627 22) Declared on 03.01.7 by attaching the application 3) Priority of the judicial committee of the Minister of the USSR for isotechnical discoveries Bulletin 47 3) Published on 25.1 629,113.06,628.) Date of publication of the description O 3 O 3 V. V. Utkin cooling, an air-containment heat exchanger and a pre-chamber for cooling the incoming water exchanger, made with air supply from the heat exchanger. The efficiency of the evaporative cooling is insufficient. external environment , separated by a wavy partition from the air supply channel from the heat exchanger, while both channels are made tapering in the direction of the nozzle chamber inlet. Fig. 1 shows the proposed air conditioner, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - section along A-A in Fig. 1. The air conditioner consists of a fan 1 driven by a motor 2; a water-air heat exchanger 3 and a night chamber nozzle 4 equipped with a drop catcher 5. Two rows of nozzles 6 are installed in the nozzle chamber 4. The nozzle chamber has an inlet 7 and an outlet 8 and air channel 9. For water circulation in the first stage, a water pump 10 is installed coaxially with the engine, which supplies water through pipelines 11 and 12 from tank 13 to nozzles 6. In the second stage of the air conditioner, a water pump 14 is installed, which supplies water through pipelines 15 and 16 from the tank 17 to the spray device 18, which wets the irrigated tower 19. A drop catcher 2 O is also installed here. is cooled, and part of it is sent to the second stage (main flow), and part through channel 9 - to the nozzle chamber 4, Channel 9 is made smoothly tapering towards the inlet of the nozzle chamber, due to which the flow rate increases into the gaps 21 between the channel 9 and through the inlet of chamber 7, outside air is sucked in, increasing the mass of the auxiliary flow, which, after passing through chamber 4, is released into the atmosphere through opening 8. serviced space, The water circulating in the first stage is heated in t heat exchanger 3, is cooled in the nozzle chamber 4, separated in the droplet eliminator 5 and flows back into the tank 13 through the hole 22. cooling, mainly for. 4 of a vehicle containing a water-to-air heat exchanger and a nozzle chamber for cooling the incoming water: a heat exchanger made with an air supply channel from the heat exchanger, differing in that, in order to increase the efficiency of evaporative cooling, a nozzle chamber for cooling the incoming the water heat exchanger 10 is provided with a channel for supplying air from the external environment, separated by a partition from the air supply channel from the heat exchanger, while both channels are made tapering towards 15 the inlet of the chamber. 2. Air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the partition is made in a wave-like manner.
Request
1982106, 03.01.1974
SPECIALIZED DESIGN BUREAU FOR SPECIAL CATERER TRACTORS OF 2T DRIVING CLASS
Utkin Vladimir Viktorovich
IPC / Tags
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Two-stage evaporative cooling air conditioner
Related Patents
13 - 15 heat exchangers 10 - 12 are connected with cavity A of the casting chamber 16, the cavity B of which is connected by pipeline 17 with the kingston channel 3. The collector 6 is hydraulically connected to the tank 18, which is connected by pipeline 19 with the casting chamber 16, which has an outboard opening 20 and hole 21 in the partition between cavities A and B. The system works as follows. pressure pipelines 5 and 7 - 9 through the collector 6 to the heat exchangers 10 - 12, from which the heated water through the outflow pipelines 13 - 15 enters the cavity A of the outflow chamber 16. When the cavity A is filled, the water overflows through the hole 21 into ...
Due to thermal radiation from the surface of the heated strip directly to the working surface of the refrigerator, located above and below the metal being processed with maximum slope factors radiation, Figure 1 shows a device for cooling strips in a thermal furnace, cut B-B figure 2; ia Fig. 2 chamber for convective cooling of the strip, section A-A in Fig.1; in Fig.3 is the design of the annular gas nozzle. The device for cooling the strip 1 moving along the Rollers 2 is installed in the thermal unit after the radiative cooling chamber 3 and is sealed when the strip exits with a shutter 4. Cylindrical water-cooled surfaces 5, circulation fan 6...
6 with oil coolers 7 and 8 and fresh water and branch 9 with a charge air cooler 10 and a silencer 11. Water from branch 6 is drained through a drain kiigston 12, and from branch 9 through a pipe 13 into the side pipe 14 of the silencer 11. Automatic hydraulic resistance 15 installed on branch 6 consists from a body 16 of variable flow section, a cone-shaped plate 17 with a stem 18, a guide sleeve 19 fixed to the body 16 by uprights 20, a spring 21 and adjusting nuts 22. and pumps it along branch 6 to coolers 7 and 8 of oil and fresh water. On another parallel branch 9, water is supplied to the cooler ...
For rooms with large surpluses of sensible heat, where it is necessary to maintain a high humidity of the indoor air, air conditioning systems using the principle of indirect evaporative cooling are used.
The scheme consists of a system for processing the main air flow and an evaporative cooling system (Fig. 3.3. Fig. 3.4). For cooling water, air conditioner spray chambers or other contact devices, spray pools, cooling towers, and others can be used.
Water, cooled by evaporation in the air stream, with temperature, enters the surface heat exchanger - the air cooler of the air conditioner of the main air duct, where the air changes its state from values to values \u200b\u200b(t.), while the water temperature rises to. The heated water enters the contact apparatus, where it is cooled by evaporation to a temperature and the cycle is repeated again. The air passing through the contact apparatus changes its state from parameters to parameters (i.e.). The supply air, assimilating heat and moisture, changes its parameters to the state of t., and then to the state.
Fig.3.3. Scheme of indirect evaporative cooling
1-heat exchanger-air cooler; 2-pin device
Fig.3.4. diagram of indirect evaporative cooling
Line - direct evaporative cooling.
If the excess heat in the room is, then with indirect evaporative cooling supply air flow will be
with direct evaporative cooling
Since >, then<.
<), что позволяет расширить область возможного использования принципа испарительного охлаждения воздуха.
Comparison of processes shows that with indirect evaporative cooling, the performance of SCR is lower than with direct cooling. In addition, with indirect cooling, the moisture content of the supply air is lower (<), что позволяет расширить область возможного использования принципа испарительного охлаждения воздуха.
In contrast to the separate scheme of indirect evaporative cooling, devices of a combined type have been developed (Fig. 3.5). The apparatus includes two groups of alternating channels separated by walls. Auxiliary air flow passes through channel group 1. The water supplied through the water distribution device flows down the surface of the channel walls. Some water is supplied to the water distribution device. When water evaporates, the temperature of the auxiliary air flow decreases (with an increase in its moisture content), and the channel wall also cools.
To increase the cooling depth of the main air flow, multi-stage main flow processing schemes have been developed, using which it is theoretically possible to reach the dew point temperature (Fig. 3.7).
The plant consists of an air conditioner and a cooling tower. In the air conditioner, indirect and direct isoenthalpic cooling of the air in the serviced premises is performed.
The cooling tower evaporatively cools the water that feeds the air conditioner's surface air cooler.
Rice. 3.5. Scheme of the device of the combined apparatus for indirect evaporative cooling: 1,2 - group of channels; 3- water distribution device; 4- pallet
Rice. 3.6. Scheme of SCR two-stage evaporative cooling. 1-surface air cooler; 2-irrigation chamber; 3- cooling tower; 4-pump; 5-bypass with air valve; 6-fan
In order to unify equipment for evaporative cooling, spray chambers of typical central air conditioners can be used instead of a cooling tower.
Outside air enters the air conditioner and is cooled in the first cooling stage (air cooler) with a constant moisture content. The second stage of cooling is the irrigation chamber operating in the isenthalpy cooling mode. Cooling of the water supplying the surface of the water cooler is carried out in the cooling tower. The water in this circuit is circulated by a pump. A cooling tower is a device for cooling water with atmospheric air. Cooling occurs due to the evaporation of part of the water flowing down the sprinkler under the action of gravity (evaporation of 1% of water lowers its temperature by about 6).
Rice. 3.7. diagram with two-stage evaporative mode
cooling
The spray chamber of the air conditioner is equipped with a bypass channel with an air valve or has a regulated process, which regulates the air sent to the serviced room by the fan.
The invention relates to the technique of ventilation and air conditioning. The purpose of the invention is to increase the depth of cooling of the main air flow and reduce energy costs. Heat exchangers (T) 1 and 2 irrigated with water for indirect evaporative and direct evaporative air cooling are arranged in series along the air flow. T 1 has channels 3, 4 of the general and auxiliary air flows. Between T 1 and 2 there is a chamber 5 for separating air flows with a bypass channel 6 and a valve 7 placed in it per TiHpyeMbiM. control is connected to the room air temperature sensor Channels 4 of the auxiliary air flow are connected to the atmosphere by the outlet 12, and T 2 is connected to the room by the main air outlet 13. Channel 6 is connected to channels 4, and the drive 9 has a speed controller 14 connected to If it is necessary to reduce the cooling capacity of the device, at the signal of the air temperature sensor in the room, valve 7 is partially closed through the control unit, and using the regulator 14, the blower speed is lowered, ensuring a proportional reduction in the total air flow rate by the amount of reduction in the auxiliary air flow rate 1 ill. (L to about 00 to
UNION OF SOVIET
SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC (51)4 F 24 F 5 00
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
TO A8TOR'S CERTIFICATE
USSR STATE COMMITTEE
FOR INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES (2 1) 4 166558/29-06 (22) 25.12.86 (46) 30.08.88. Wu.t, !! 32 (71) Moscow textile institute (72) O.Ya. Kokorin, M.l0, Kaplunov and S.V. Nefelov (53) 697.94(088.8) (56) Author's certificate of the USSR
263102, class. F ?4 G 5/00, 1970. (54) A DEVICE FOR A TWO-STAGE
EVAPORATIVE AIR COOLING (57) The invention relates to ventilation and air conditioning technology. The purpose of the invention is to increase the depth of cooling of the main air flow and reduce energy costs.
Heat exchangers (T) 1 and 2 irrigated with water for indirect evaporative and direct evaporative air cooling are arranged in series along the air flow. T 1 has channels 3, 4 of general and auxiliary air flows. Between T 1 and 2 there is a chamber 5 for separating air flows with a switch SU„„ 1420312 d1. inlet channel 6 and an adjustable valve 7 placed in it. Supercharger
8 with drive 9 is connected by inlet 10 with the atmosphere, and output 11 - with channels
3 common air flow. Valve 7 is connected through the control unit to the air temperature sensor in the room. Channels
4 of the auxiliary air flow are connected by outlet 12 with the atmosphere, and T 2 by outlet 13 of the main air flow with the room. Channel 6 is connected to channels 4 and actuator 9 has a regulator
14 speed, connected to the control unit. If it is necessary to reduce the cooling capacity of the device, at the signal of the air temperature sensor in the room, valve 7 is partially closed through the control unit, and using the regulator 14, the blower speed is reduced to ensure a proportional reduction in the total air flow rate by the amount of reduction in the auxiliary air flow rate. 1 ill.
The invention relates to ventilation and air conditioning technology.
The purpose of the invention is to increase the depth of cooling of the main air flow and reduce energy costs.
The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a device for two-stage evaporative air cooling. The device for two-stage evaporative air cooling contains heat exchangers 1 and 2 irrigated with water for indirect evaporative air cooling, located in series along the air flow, the first part of which has channels 3 and 4 of the general and auxiliary air flows. twenty
Between the heat exchangers 1 and 2 there is a chamber 5 1 for dividing air flows with an overflow channel 6 and an adjustable valve 7 placed in it. driven
9 is connected by inlet 10 with the atmosphere, l by outlet 11 - with channels 3 of the total flow ltna; ty;:; 3. Regulating valve 7 is connected via a control unit to a room temperature sensor (HP shown) . Channels 4 of the auxiliary air flow are communicated with an output
12 with atmosphere, and heat exchanger 2 for direct air cooling with outlet 13 of the main air flow - with heating. The bypass channel 6 is connected to the 4 g3sg cplns of the auxiliary sweat air, and the drive 9 of the supercharger 8 has a speed controller 14, connected to the control unit 4O (not yet: 3ln? . device. g - "d" cooling” l303 is stale; it works as follows.
Outside air through the inlet 10 and 3-45 enters the blower 8 and through the outlet 11 ttartteT flies into the channels 3 of the total air flow of the indirect evaporative cooling heat exchanger. With the passage of air in the channels 3 ilpo, its enthalpy ttpta decreases with a constant moisture content, after which the total air flow enters the chamber 5 of the air separation unit.
From chamber 5, part of the pre-cooled air in the area of the auxiliary air flow through the bypass channel 6 enters the channels 4 of the auxiliary air flow irrigated from above, located in the heat exchanger 1 perpendicular to the direction of the total air flow. down the walls of the channels 4 of the film of water and at the same time cooling the total air flow passing through the channels 3.
The auxiliary air flow, which has increased its enthal ITHIt3, is removed through the outlet 12 to the atmosphere or can be used, for example, for ventilation of auxiliary rooms or cooling of building fences. The main air flow comes from the air flow separation chamber 5!3 direct evaporative cooling heat exchanger 2, where the air is further cooled and decompressed at a constant enthalpy and simultaneously supplied with fuel and then processed. and the main air flow through outlet 13 is supplied to the bias. If necessary, reduce the tttc!tttIt Ttoëoltoïίίοefficiency of the device tet ITT according to the corresponding signal from the room air temperature sensor through the control unit (not shown), the adjustable valve 7 is permanently closed, which leads to a decrease in the auxiliary air flow rate and a decrease in the degree cooling" of the total air flow in the heat exchanger 1 indirect evaporative cooling. Along with cover
R. gys!Itpyentoro k:gplnl 7 with the use ofItItett speed controller 14!
tot:;the number of turns of the blower 8 is included with the provision of a proportional.psh tt;t "flow rate of the total air flow and:
»en..tc1t ttãp!I I nogo sweat cl air.
1 srmullieacquisition of y.trists; for two-square experimen- tal air cooling, containing i os.heggo»l g erpo p,lñ!TOIT irrigated in the direction of the air!30 auxiliary air flow, air flow separation chamber located between the heat exchanger with a bypass channel and an adjustable valve located in it, a blower with a drive, reporting Itttt ttt g3x
Compiled by M. Rashchepkin
Tehred M. Khodanich Proofreader S. Shekmar
Editor M. Tsitkina
Circulation 663 Subscription
VNIIPI of the USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries
113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushskaya nab., 4/5
Order 4313/40
Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Design, 4 swarm, and the outlet - with channels of the general air flow, moreover, the adjustable valve is connected through the control unit to the air temperature sensor in the room and the channels of the auxiliary air flow are in communication with the atmosphere, and the direct evaporative cooling heat exchanger - with the room, from l in order to increase the cooling depth of the main air flow and reduce energy costs, the bypass channel is connected to the channels of the auxiliary air flow, and the blower drive is equipped with a speed controller connected to the control unit.
Similar patents:
For servicing individual small rooms or groups of them, local air conditioners of two-stage evaporative cooling are convenient, carried out on the basis of an indirect evaporative cooling heat exchanger made of aluminum rolling tubes (Fig. 139). The air is cleaned in the filter 1 and enters the fan 2, after the discharge opening of which it is divided into two streams - main 3 and auxiliary 6. The auxiliary air flow passes inside the tubes of the heat exchanger 14 of indirect evaporative cooling and provides evaporative cooling of the water flowing down the inner walls of the tubes. The main air flow passes from the side of the fins of the heat exchanger tubes and gives off heat through their walls to the water cooled by evaporation. Water recirculation in the heat exchanger is carried out using pump 4, which takes water from the sump 5 and supplies it for irrigation through perforated pipes 15. The heat exchanger for indirect evaporative cooling plays the role of the first stage in combined air conditioners of two-stage evaporative cooling.
2018-08-15The use of air conditioning systems (ACS) with evaporative cooling as one of the energy efficient solutions in the design of modern buildings and structures.
To date, the most common consumers of thermal and electrical energy in modern administrative and public buildings are ventilation and air conditioning systems. When designing modern public and administrative buildings to reduce energy consumption in ventilation and air conditioning systems, it makes sense to give special preference to reducing power at the stage of obtaining specifications and reducing operating costs. Reducing operating costs is most important for facility owners or tenants. There are many ready-made methods and various measures - to reduce energy costs in air conditioning systems, but in practice, the choice of energy-efficient solutions is very difficult.
One of the many ventilation and air conditioning systems that can be classified as energy efficient is the evaporative air conditioning system discussed in this article.
They are used in residential, public, industrial premises. The process of evaporative cooling in air conditioning systems is provided by nozzle chambers, film, nozzle and foam devices. The systems under consideration can have direct, indirect, as well as two-stage evaporative cooling.
Of these options, the most economical air-cooling equipment is the direct-cooled system. For them, it is supposed to use standard equipment without the use of additional sources of artificial cold and refrigeration equipment.
A schematic diagram of an air conditioning system with direct evaporative cooling is shown in fig. one.
The advantages of such systems include minimal maintenance costs of systems during operation, as well as reliability and structural simplicity. Their main disadvantages are the impossibility of maintaining the parameters of the supply air, the exclusion of recirculation in the serviced premises and dependence on external climatic conditions.
Energy consumption in such systems is reduced to the movement of air and recirculated water in adiabatic humidifiers installed in the central air conditioner. When using adiabatic humidification (cooling) in central air conditioners, drinking quality water is required. The use of such systems may be limited in climatic zones with a predominantly dry climate.
Areas of application for air conditioning systems with evaporative cooling are objects that do not require precise maintenance of the heat and humidity conditions. Usually they are run by enterprises of various industries where a cheap way to cool indoor air is needed with high heat stress in the premises.
The next option for economical cooling of air in air conditioning systems is the use of indirect evaporative cooling.
A system with such cooling is most often used in cases where the parameters of the indoor air cannot be obtained using direct evaporative cooling, which increases the moisture content of the supply air. In the "indirect" scheme, the supply air is cooled in a heat exchanger of a recuperative or regenerative type in contact with an auxiliary air stream cooled by evaporative cooling.
A variant of the scheme of the air conditioning system with indirect evaporative cooling and the use of a rotary heat exchanger is shown in fig. 2. Scheme of SCR with indirect evaporative cooling and the use of recuperative type heat exchangers is shown in fig. 3.
Air conditioning systems with indirect evaporative cooling are used when supply air is required without dehumidification. The required parameters of the air environment are supported by local closers installed in the room. The determination of the supply air flow is carried out in accordance with sanitary standards, or according to the air balance in the room.
Air conditioning systems with indirect evaporative cooling use either outside air or extract air as auxiliary air. In the presence of local closers, the latter is preferred, since it increases the energy efficiency of the process. It should be noted that the use of exhaust air as auxiliary is not allowed in the presence of toxic, explosive impurities, as well as a high content of suspended particles that pollute the heat exchange surface.
Outside air as an auxiliary flow is used when the flow of exhaust air into the supply air through the leaks of the heat exchanger (that is, the heat exchanger) is unacceptable.
The auxiliary air flow is cleaned in air filters before being supplied for humidification. The layout of the air conditioning system with regenerative heat exchangers has greater energy efficiency and lower equipment cost.
When designing and selecting schemes for air conditioning systems with indirect evaporative cooling, it is necessary to take into account measures to regulate the processes of heat recovery in the cold season in order to prevent freezing of heat exchangers. Reheating of the exhaust air in front of the heat exchanger, bypassing part of the supply air in the plate heat exchanger and speed control in the rotary heat exchanger should be envisaged.
The use of these measures will prevent freezing of heat exchangers. Also in the calculations when using exhaust air as an auxiliary flow, it is necessary to check the system for operability in the cold season.
Another energy-efficient air conditioning system is the two-stage evaporative cooling system. Air cooling in this scheme is provided in two stages: direct evaporative and indirect evaporative methods.
"Two-stage" systems provide for more precise adjustment of air parameters when leaving the central air conditioner. Such air conditioning systems are used in cases where a deeper cooling of the supply air is required compared to cooling in direct or indirect evaporative cooling.
Air cooling in two-stage systems is provided in regenerative, plate heat exchangers or in surface heat exchangers with an intermediate heat carrier using an auxiliary air flow - in the first stage. Air cooling in adiabatic humidifiers is in the second stage. The basic requirements for auxiliary air flow, as well as for checking the operation of SCR during the cold season, are similar to those applied to SCR schemes with indirect evaporative cooling.
The use of air conditioning systems with evaporative cooling allows you to achieve better results that can not be obtained with refrigeration machines.
The use of SCR schemes with evaporative, indirect and two-stage evaporative cooling makes it possible in some cases to abandon the use of refrigeration machines and artificial cold, as well as significantly reduce the refrigeration load.
Through the use of these three schemes, the energy efficiency of air treatment is often achieved, which is very important in the design of modern buildings.
History of evaporative air cooling systems
For centuries, civilizations have found original methods of dealing with the heat in their territories. An early form of cooling system, the "wind catcher", was invented many thousands of years ago in Persia (Iran). It was a system of wind shafts on the roof, which caught the wind, passed it through the water and blew cool air into the interior. It is noteworthy that many of these buildings also had yards with large water supplies, so if there was no wind, then as a result of the natural process of water evaporation, hot air, rising up, evaporated water in the yard, after which the already cooled air passed through the building. Nowadays, Iran has replaced wind catchers with evaporative coolers and uses them extensively, and the Iranian market, due to the dry climate, reaches a turnover of 150,000 evaporators per year.
In the US, the evaporative cooler was the subject of numerous patents in the 20th century. Many of them, starting as early as 1906, proposed the use of wood shavings as a spacer, carrying a large amount of water in contact with moving air and supporting intense evaporation. The standard design from the 1945 patent includes a water reservoir (usually fitted with a float valve for level control), a pump to circulate water through the wood chip spacers, and a fan to blow air through the spacers into the living quarters. This design and materials remain central to evaporative cooler technology in the US Southwest. In this region, they are additionally used to increase humidity.
Evaporative cooling was common in aircraft engines of the 1930s, such as the engine for the airship Beardmore Tornado. This system was used to reduce or completely eliminate the radiator, which otherwise could create significant aerodynamic drag. External evaporative cooling devices have been installed on some vehicles to cool the passenger compartment. Often they were sold as additional accessories. The use of evaporative cooling devices in automobiles continued until vapor compression air conditioning became widespread.
The principle of evaporative cooling is different from that of vapor compression refrigeration, although they also require evaporation (evaporation is part of the system). In a vapor compression cycle, after the refrigerant inside the evaporator coil has evaporated, the refrigerant gas is compressed and cooled, condensing under pressure into a liquid state. Unlike this cycle, in an evaporative cooler, water is evaporated only once. The evaporated water in the cooling device is discharged into the space with cooled air. In the cooling tower, the evaporated water is carried away by the air flow.
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