How to cut a circle in plywood: selection of tools, curly cutting technologies with a jigsaw, milling cutter and improvised means. Drilling wood and chipboard How to cut a round hole in chipboard

If the holes you made look like bullet holes, like in an action movie, read these tips to avoid disappointment in future work.

1. Choosing the right drill

Conventional twist drills are inexpensive. They are considered universal and are designed for drilling wood, metal and plastic. As a rule, their tips are sharpened at a 118° angle for most applications.

But because of such an obtuse angle, the drill can deviate to the side at the beginning and tear out the fibers of the wood at the exit, so leave such drills for plastic and metal, as well as for holes with a diameter of less than 3 mm in wood (thin drills have these shortcomings less pronounced). For holes with a diameter of 3 to 13 mm, choose center point drills designed specifically for wood. The tip of such a drill does not bark him to go to the side at the beginning of drilling, and the side cutting protrusions (the so-called undercutters) help to reduce chipping.

To make holes with a diameter of more than 13 mm, use Forster drills. Like center point drills, they have a pilot tip in the middle and cut very cleanly. Forster drills with a serrated cutting rim work much more aggressively, but the result of their work is no worse. Using such drills, you should reduce the feed and securely fix the workpiece with clamps.

2. Support the workpiece from the back

Regardless of the type of drill, when the metal passes through the wood, the unsupported wood fibers on the back of the workpiece are torn and chips are formed at the exit. Therefore, do not forget to support the reverse side of the material with trim

boards. The retaining cut supports the fibers at the point of exit of the drill and prevents a sharp increase in feed at the end. Making holes in drilling machine, simply place the cut under the workpiece, and when using an electric drill, fix it with clamps. If at the beginning of drilling the fibers around the hole rise or small chips form, stick on the surface masking tape, and then mark the center and start drilling.

3. Drill from both sides

If the location of the hole makes it difficult to install a retaining trim (for example, when drilling holes for wires in the back of a cabinet), counter-drilling will help when the hole is made from opposite sides so that there are no chips on the edges.

To make neat holes different diameters, you need all three types of drills - twist, with a central point and Forstner.

Make a through hole with a diameter of 1.5-2 mm, which will guide the Forstner drill or a drill with a central point to the middle of the thickness of the part.

Continue drilling from the reverse side by inserting the tip of the drill into the pilot hole again. The two large holes should meet in the middle.

On a note:

We cut without chips

At the exit of the material, the tooth of the saw blade or cutter often forms chips - in wood, plywood or chipboard. The most common way to deal with this phenomenon is to have the cutting tooth come out of the material inside the slot. For example, if you move the workpiece along the rotation of the disk. But it is absolutely impossible to choose grooves to the full depth in this way. The energy of the rotating cutter is enough to snatch the workpiece from the hands. After that, it will fly with great speed in the direction of rotation. The consequences can be the most unpredictable!

Nevertheless, this principle is used in some machines for cutting chipboard. Only in them, the disk, which rotates in the direction of the material feed, makes only a shallow incision. During its formation, the impact of the scoring disc on the part is negligible, so the work is safe. Behind the scoring disc is the main working disc, which rotates, as it should be, towards the feed of the part. The blade cuts the material cleanly, without chips, because the already selected shallow groove is used (the cutting tooth comes out of the material inside the groove). I use this principle in my work. For those who decide to try my method, I want to remind you that a milling machine installed in a table is a tool of increased danger. And when working with it, you must strictly follow the safety rules - use protective screens and hold-downs, and do not exceed the recommended feed rate of the workpiece and the speed of the cutter. The table should be free from foreign objects and well lit.

1. If you put a groove cutter on a router and skip the workpiece, there will definitely be chips!

2. Therefore, first I fix the plywood overlay to the guide milling table so that the cutter protrudes only 2 mm beyond the surface of the lining. And I skip parts in the direction of rotation of the cutter. This results in a shallow groove without chips.

3. Then I remove the overlay - now the cutter protrudes to a given depth. And I skip the blanks, as expected, towards the rotating cutter.

4. There are no chips!

Everywhere where the walls of drywall boards, it becomes necessary to make one or more holes in them.

The most common case is the installation of a cylindrical box for a socket or switch, ceiling (and not only) lights or fuse boxes.

That is why it is important to learn how to make such holes correctly, and not just know.

To make the finished hole even and beautiful, and the process itself does not take a lot of time, you need to prepare necessary tools and know how to use them.

If you plan to make holes in the old one, and you don’t know anything about the cabling and piping scheme, use a metal detector so as not to cut the electrical wiring or anything else important.

Cutting round holes

To create round holes, you can use special hand saws for drywall if the hole diameter is large (for example, about 15 cm) or it can be special drill bits (see photo).

Necessary tools and materials:

Roulette or ruler;
Pencil;
Compasses (for big holes);
Square;
Drywall file or drill with a nozzle.

Using the Drill Attachment

With this tool, you can make a hole in a matter of seconds. You only need to select the desired diameter of the saw (the rest must be removed from the mount) and accurately determine the location of the center of the future hole.

Note: AT construction stores you can purchase drill bits with saws from 2.5 to 15 cm.

Before cutting a hole in drywall, determine its intended location. Accurate measurements in this case no less important than the accuracy of the drilling itself. If it's a new drywall slab, you'll have an easier time making the hole without damaging the lines (as discussed above).

Using a square and a ruler or tape measure, measure the desired distance from the bottom edge of the plate to the center of the future hole. Put a dot here. This will be the height at which the center of the future hole will be placed.

Attach the ruler at the level of the dot that you applied in the previous step. Now measure the desired distance from the side edge of the plate.

Mark the center of the hole with a cross so as not to make mistakes in the designations. Before drilling, make sure once again that everything is measured correctly.

If you plan to make a hole larger than 15 cm in diameter using hand file for drywall, you should draw a circle of the desired diameter with a compass.

If you plan to use a drill to drill a hole, choose a model with adjustable speed rotation and a special nozzle (see photo).

Set your drill to medium speed. Start drilling with a nozzle drill in the place indicated by a cross. Hold the drill strictly perpendicular to the surface of the plate and try not to move it to the sides. To do this, use the overhead handle.

As the bit sinks into the slab and the saw gets closer to it, increase the speed of the bit. The saw will cut a hole in the drywall slab very quickly.

Note: A saw at high speeds creates a lot of dust, so use in the process goggles and a respirator. The floor can be covered, for example, with old newspapers.

Please note that the circle you cut out will either fall down or remain on the drill nozzle.

Carefully remove all plaster dust and cardboard crumbs with a broom or vacuum cleaner.

Round hole done!

Rectangular holes

If you plan to make a rectangular hole on old wall, use a narrow drywall saw. Don't forget about possible wires behind the wall. On new stoves, it is most convenient to use an electric jigsaw.

Required tools:

Construction knife;
Square;
Pencil;
Roulette;
Narrow hacksaw or jigsaw;
Drill with a drill.

A successful end result depends on correct measurements and accurate cuts. Using a square and a ruler (roulette), mark the location of the right and left sides of the rectangle - the distance from the beginning and end of the future hole to one edge of the plate.

Draw the length of each side of the future hole at the desired distance from the other edge of the plate.

Note: Measure and check at least twice for correct measurements and drawing.

Connect the ends of the drawn lines, creating a rectangle or square.

Now take a drill with a large drill bit and drill 4 holes in the center of each drawn line, in the inner area of the rectangle. This will make it possible to insert a hacksaw or a jigsaw blade (see photo).

Note: Make holes in the drywall as close as possible to the lines of the rectangle. This will make it easier to cut along the drawn line.

Remove crumbs after drilling holes with a broom or vacuum cleaner.

Turn the drywall sheet face up. Secure it so it doesn't move with cutting tool. Insert a jigsaw or a narrow hacksaw into one of the holes.

Start sawing by holding the tool firmly perpendicular to the plane of the slab. Move strictly along the line.

It is almost impossible to make a neat rectangular hole by continuously moving around the perimeter of the rectangle. Therefore, you made four holes with a drill. When you reach the corner of the rectangle, stop sawing and move the blade to the next hole.

Note: During operation there will be a lot of dust - use protective devices.

Take your time, cut slowly but carefully. You should get approximately the same hole as in the photo.

Holes of small diameter (up to 10-12 mm) in wood and chipboard are drilled most often conventional drills for metal. They are quite successful in their task. But if every millimeter is important for the position of the hole, then you need to use special drills.

A drill for metal at the entrance to wood may deviate slightly to the side, even if an awl is made in the place of the future hole.

In general, drilling in wood can be done even with an ordinary nail or a piece of wire with a flattened end. Special drill bits for wood only have to be used when a large hole needs to be drilled, or when high demands are placed on surface cleanliness and precision. There are several types of such drills:

spiral (a);
twisted or single-stranded (it is sometimes also called spiral) (b);
feather (in);
annular (crown) (d);
Forstner cylindrical drill (d).

Drills for wood are made from tool alloyed and tool carbon steels; metal cannot be processed with them.

Twist drill drill holes of small and medium diameter. It is quite possible to replace it with a metal drill, although the purity of the hole will be higher when using a twist drill for wood.

Single helical drill has a sharp cutting edge and a screw shape that removes chips well. It is used when it is necessary to obtain an accurate deep hole with clean wall surfaces.

Fountain drill usually used when drilling holes with a diameter of 10 to 25 mm, although there are drills with a diameter of less than 10 and more than 25 mm. This drill is the simplest in design and the cheapest, so it is reasonable to use it in all cases where the quality of the hole is not required. high demands. To disadvantages pen drill include poor guidance, poor diameter accuracy, rough hole wall surfaces, and the need to periodically remove chips by stopping drilling and removing the drill from the hole. The advantages are simplicity and low cost.

Crowns are used when drilling holes of large diameter - up to 100 mm and more. The sets contain one mandrel with a shank and a center drill and several crowns that are inserted into the mandrel.

Forstner drill has a centering point and a sharp undercutter. Thanks to the latter, it is distinguished by precise cutting geometry. Typically used for drilling blind holes with precise dimensions in soft rocks wood, chipboard or laminate for the installation of furniture canopies.

The Forstner drill can be with a short or long tip.

A Forstner drill with a long point is more difficult to make blind hole for a hinge in a thin door, since the point can make a through hole. But a drill with a short point is more prone to drift to the side. In addition to differences in the length of the tip, the Forstner drills shown in the photo above differ in maximum rotational speed. So a short point drill has welded high speed steel blades and is suitable for working at high speeds, and a long point drill has a maximum speed of 1000 rpm when working with soft wood.

There is another device for cutting large holes - this is ballerina designed for cutting large (up to 300 mm) holes in thin wood blanks, chipboard, fiberboard and other materials.

The ballerina consists of a centering drill and two incisors, which cut the circle. The offset of the cutters along the guide sets the diameter of the cut circle. To rotate the ballerina, use a brace or drill with a low number of revolutions. You can also rotate it manually.

How to drill wood and chipboard

To prevent the drill from going to the side at the very beginning of drilling, in the center of the future hole you need to make a small indentation with an awl. Wood drilling is carried out at low and medium speeds of the drill. The main problem when drilling through holes, are the chips at the exit of the drill. There are two ways to deal with them. First, drill a thin hole and drill through it from both sides of the part to the middle with a drill of the final diameter. Thus, it will be possible to avoid chips that occur at the exit. The second way is to firmly press the wood lining to the side from which the drill comes out, which is removed after drilling.

Conductors are used to give the drill perpendicularity. The latter are especially convenient for making holes in cylindrical parts.

Chipboard drilling requires special attention - because of its fragile structure. The presence of laminated or veneer coating complicates the task. To avoid their delamination, drills with a sharp edge (in particular, a Forstner cylindrical drill) and a lining at the exit are used. An awl must be used to mark holes.

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The electric jigsaw is a well-known tool manual type designed for cutting patterns on various surfaces. In its importance, it is as important as a drill or a hammer drill.

The jigsaw is used for sawing various kinds of materials (wood, metal, etc.).

They can make straight and curved openings in wood of any species and other non-natural materials, precise cuts geometric shapes with a complex trajectory. To find out the question of how to cut a circle with a jigsaw, the tips and recommendations listed here will help.

Bench tool properties

The jigsaw is intended for household and professional needs. Devices of the first type are characterized by low power and are designed for work in small volumes. The purpose of using special equipment is the professional orientation of the tool, its productivity and a long period of work.

Usually Appliances have standard set functions:

frequency of moves;
method of fixing the sheet for cutting;
pendulum movement;
saw rotation.

The electric jigsaw is used for finishing surfaces, sawing out uneven edging, holes in the internal position, and making furniture. The processed material is reliably fixed on the basis. Marks are made on it in advance, then holes are sawn. The rotational vibrations of the shaft are converted into translational movements. The saw is fixed on the rod, its quality determines the period of use of the product. When choosing a device, preference should be given round shapes and thickened stems.

The jigsaw is different positive qualities, how:

Cutting holes in any samples.
A simple device allows for quick replacement of saws.
Possibility to make round or rectangular cuts.
Ease of use.
Does not require special knowledge and skills.
The presence of a significant number of saws with different step limits of action, tooth shapes makes it possible to carry out different kinds work in a single device.
Reliable fixation of the sawn sample allows any distance from the edge of the product.
The device of universal action allows you to cut to any depth.
At the time of work, the material is practically not damaged.

Drawbacks:

The shortened movement of the web provides a slowdown in the operation of the device.
Possibility of injury.
Probability of cable failure.
Perform a battery level check.

The jigsaw has a built-in protection system, pneumatics and an electric drive.

Released new items are equipped with advanced features: reducing the number of vibrations, improving work productivity, equipping the device with convenient functions. Depending on the method of fixing the cutting part, saws are:

with holes;
with a cruciform element;
with a smooth base.

A jigsaw in some way can replace a router, hand saw, circular, chain saw, angle grinder. The tool is necessary in any household, it allows you to carve wood.

The current supplied to the device from the network gives an impulse to the engine, setting it in motion. Together with the gearbox, it transmits momentum to the gear, which secures the stem. The circular action of the shaft is modified into the movement of the working element of a reciprocating nature, moving up and down. Saws are fixed with screws or clamping mechanisms. Such fasteners help to change canvases in a short time.

Rules for working with an electric jigsaw

To understand how to properly cut a circle in wood, it is important to study the features. This carpentry tool helps to saw out ovals, wavy patterns, figures with uneven outlines, non-standard carved caskets, shelves with patterns of a through plan. In order for the interaction with the jigsaw to be organized and safe, it is important to adhere to the rules:

In order for the work with the jigsaw to be quick and safe, do not forget to fix the product before work.

To avoid inconvenience, special stands should be prepared during work. A slot is made to the middle of the support, somewhat resembling a lock hole.
The stand is fixed with clamps or screws to the workbench.
At the time of work, you need to sit down, place the file strictly vertically relative to the floor and perpendicular to the surface.
The workpiece is placed in the middle of the stand, holding it with your left hand, you can cut plywood with your right hand. The location of the cuts should be in the middle of the support hole.
The tool does not tolerate strong pressure: a small touch and a gradual movement up and down is enough, and it will begin to work effectively.

Attributes:

pencil;
drill;
drill;
jigsaw.