Pipes and fittings - without them, the existence of a sewer system is impossible. The correct choice of these products is due to trouble-free operation and a long service life. Today there is a huge selection of types of fittings and pipes. What material they are made of, about the sizes and types, we will talk in this article.
What are sewer pipes
According to the method of water drainage distinguish the following types:
Plastic pipes for sewerage
- internal pipes - divert water from the source of consumption (, sinks). As a rule, they are painted in gray colors.
- external - produce a tap from houses and cottages, into the general sewer.
Attention! Pipes for external sewage, unlike internal ones, are made in orange, for easy detection in the ground.
By material from which pipes and fittings are made are divided into:
- cast iron. Most sewers are made from this material. It is strong, durable (70-85 years), withstands heavy loads. The disadvantages include high cost and installation problems associated with heavy weight. In addition, the inner walls of cast-iron pipes are rough, which makes it difficult for water to move, and build-ups form over time.
Cast iron pipes
- plastic. Pipes are made from this material for both internal and external sewage. Its main advantages are light weight, which facilitates the process of transportation and installation, relatively low cost, as well as smooth inner walls, which reduces the percentage of congestion. There are three types of plastic pipes and fittings: PVC(mainly used for wastewater. Withstand temperatures up to 70C, but are not very resistant to aggressive environments and UV rays); polyethylene(used for pressure internal and external pipelines. Expand under the influence of hot water, withstand temperatures from -40 to +40. Not applicable for hot water); polypropylene(withstand high temperatures, resistant to acids and alkalis. Most often used to drain water from washing machines and dishwashers).
Fittings for PVC pipes (external sewerage)
- stainless steel pipes are not very popular due to their low resistance to corrosion.
- copper pipes are the most expensive, do not corrode and are neutral to the action of acidic and alkaline environments. But their main drawback is the ability to change the color and smell of water.
Fittings for external and internal sewerage
A fitting is a part of a pipeline designed to turn, connect, branch, change to another size, parts of pipes. For an external pipeline, the following types of fittings are distinguished:
Fittings for internal sewerage differ from external ones in color, wall thickness and diameter.
Types of fittings
Main indicators of pipes
- 25 mm for draining water from a washing machine and dishwasher;
- 32 mm from any kind of siphon;
- 50 mm for piping around the room;
- more than 110 mm for external sewerage.
So, if you decide to lay a sewer, you need to take into account all the basic indicators, the place of passage, the number of transitions and turns, in order to purchase the number of pipes and fittings you need. Properly selected material and dimensions will allow the sewerage system to serve for a long time and without failures.
Sewer pipes: video
Sewer pipes: photo
Corners (turns) are used as bends for sewer pipelines. There are three types of rotation angle - 30, 45, 90˚ for each diameter. In the internal system, fittings of this type are used Ø110 (vertical risers) and 50 mm 9horizontal wiring), in external sewers - only Ø110 mm (in rare cases - 150 mm.). If earlier 90 degree flow change represented a danger of clogging in metal, asbestos pipes when laying external sewerage, then, with the advent of sewerage bends made of PVC and HDPE, this precaution became unnecessary. However, many technicians out of habit use two 45˚ taps with smooth change of flow direction instead of one 90˚.
In addition to corners and turns, there are also reductions, transitions from metal and to metal, tees, crosses. stubs, revisions, and more. All such fittings can be used as bends, as they also have angles of rotation - from 30 to 90 degrees.
Docking methods are also different. This is a socket connection, and welding, and compression docking with the help of couplings. For welding and socket joints, pipelines have smooth, cleaned edges. With a socket, all products have, respectively, a socket on one side and a smooth end on the other. Tightness is ensured by rubber rings in the grooves of the socket (PVC bends), welding joints, compression couplings (polyethylene products).
The industry produces sewerage outlets of standard sizes in accordance with the requirements of GOST, which facilitates the design, installation, repair, and maintenance of systems.
Video review - Bends: types and types.
Branches for internal sewerage are made in black, butt-joined or coupled. In the first case, the edges of the parts are heated to a plastic state, pressed against each other for a time sufficient for solidification. In the couplings, a spiral is installed in the factory, which is heated on site by a welding machine.
These sewer outlets do not need to be welded, they are inserted into the pipes of the same name on the one hand, put on the smooth parts of the pipes on the other. Installation speed increases several times, electric heating tools are not required. The material for outdoor use is dyed tan, unlike domestic sewer fittings (which are gray). In the manufacture of the pipeline, it is impossible to combine different materials, PVC pipes are joined only with similar fittings, the same applies to polypropylene, polyethylene. This guarantees a long service life. Sealing rubber gaskets are liberally lubricated with silicone, which facilitates good docking and increases sealing.
Fittings are connected by couplings, have one sealing ring on each side. At the bend, the outer part of the product is reduced, corrugations are used along the edges. The same fittings can be connected to smooth pipes from other manufacturers by adding adapters with sealing collars.
The manufacturer Wavin has patented its own system of sockets for corrugated pipes, which has no analogues. On the outer surface there is a recess of a triangular shape, which is a lock. Double sealing allows the use of taps in pressure systems. The products of this manufacturer use high quality raw materials, which increases their prices. The declared resource is from 50 years.
These fittings are segmental, produced by the manufacturer in two types: 45, 90⁰ from PEND polyethylene. the ends of the products can be smooth or bell-shaped. A feature of the product is the absence of rounding, the flow changes immediately, therefore, the fittings of this system are used much less often than other analogues.
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Alexander, here are the best manufacturers of sewer pipes:
Rehau is one of the leaders in the world market for the production of plastic products. The manufacturer specializes in the manufacture of high-quality products from high-tech materials.
Rehau pipes have the following properties:
High degree of sound insulation;
Corrosion resistance;
High strength;
impact resistance;
Resistance to aggressive environments;
wear resistance;
Ease.
Rehau products are widely used for domestic sewage, as they have the best degree of sound absorption. Pipes and fittings for them are resistant to high temperatures, so they can be used in systems for special purposes. Thanks to the unique manufacturing technology, such products will last at least 50 years.
Wavin is the most powerful manufacturer of plastic products in Europe. Wavin products are very popular and have won the trust of customers due to their strength characteristics. In the production of Wavin sewer systems, the latest scientific achievements in this field are used.
Vavin pipes are distinguished by the following characteristics:
strength;
Reliability;
Chemical resistance;
Resistant to high temperatures;
Noiselessness;
Lightness;
environmental friendliness;
Durability.
Wavin produces a wide range of products for internal and external sewerage, as well as sewer wells. In the manufacture of Vavin products, PP and PVC materials are used. The Wavin internal sewerage system is characterized by a low-noise system, which is in great demand today. Due to the special structure of the material, Wavin pipes have surpassed even cast-iron products in terms of noise level.
Ostendorf products are manufactured according to the latest technologies on the basis of high-quality polypropylene. Sewer Ostendorf is made of a heat-resistant polymer, due to which it is highly resistant to various aggressive environments. Pipes and fittings from Ostendorf can withstand high temperatures, which makes them widely used for domestic sewage. Ostendorf material does not burn, therefore it is used in the most fire hazardous places. Ostendorf sewer systems also have the following distinctive features:
Light weight, which facilitates the work of transportation and installation;
High impact resistance at low temperatures;
Ostendorf pipes and fittings have a smooth surface;
Reliable socket connections, which are produced with lip seals mounted already at the Ostendorf factory;
Ostendorf pipes have a centimeter scale to simplify installation;
Ostendorf products are manufactured with different diameters - from 32 to 160 mm;
Ostendorf sewer systems have a special mount.
Ostendorf produces a wide range of pipes and fittings for them. Thanks to special fittings, the Ostendorf sewer can be combined with other systems.
sewer fittings in moscow
Polypropylene sewer fittings presented in our online store of plumbing, are divided into two large groups - fittings for external sewage and fittings for internal sewage. They are easy to distinguish from each other in appearance, more precisely, in color: fittings for external sewer networks are orange in color, and for internal ones they are gray. It is advisable to select sewer pipes and fittings of the same brand so that they are fully consistent with each other.
Polypropylene is one of the most suitable materials for creating a sewer network, as it is resistant to various chemical influences, is not subject to rust and other negative environmental influences. On the walls polypropylene sewer pipes and fittings do not create organic deposits that reduce the permeability of pipes. In addition, polypropylene pipes have a much longer service life than metal pipes and are less prone to breakouts.
Unlike fittings intended for water supply and heating systems, sewer fittings are mounted without the use of additional tools, threads or soldering - pipes are simply inserted into them. This method of installation is called bell-shaped. The only additional material that is used during installation is a special lubricant or ordinary soap suds. The use of these tools will allow you to fit sewer pipes and fittings as tightly as possible to each other.
In addition to the usual polypropylene plumbing fittings varieties of pipeline elements - angles, crosses, plugs, couplings, tees - the group of sewer fittings includes specialized fittings, such as vacuum valves, check valves, umbrellas for internal sewage, branch pipes, eccentric transitions, revisions, reductions.
Today, polyethylene pipes are used everywhere not only for cold water supply and water supply through the water supply system, but also for heating. The connection of such pipes to each other is carried out using fittings. Polypropylene fittings, HDPE fittings, compression fittings, couplings for polyethylene pipes - all these are fittings for polyethylene pipes, taps also belong to them. It is worth considering in more detail their advantages and disadvantages, as well as other issues.
Construction of polyethylene pipes
Plastic plumbing parts for cold water supply and heating can have a maximum length of 100 and 200 meters (produced in the form of special bays), sometimes they are produced in separate sections of 12 meters. Naturally, such huge parts are not used for cold water supply and heating of a private house.
The device of a standard water polyethylene pipe Water drainage in sewer systems of entire urban areas, connection of main water supply systems for cold water supply, wastewater disposal - this is their main purpose.
Installation of polyethylene pipes is carried out, as mentioned above, using special fittings. The most common are compression fittings, which can be found on sale in any construction market.
main parameters
Actually, fittings for polyethylene pipes and plastic products themselves are classified according to 3 main indicators:
As for the brands, the plastic parts for cold water supply and those with which water is drained (they are not used for heating - only for cold water supply pipes) are divided into 2 types: PE-80 and PE-100.
For domestic needs, PE-80 is an ideal option. But PE-100 is used where there will be very high internal pressure in the water supply system. With SDR, too, everything is very clear: it's just the ratio of the inner diameter to the wall thickness. The higher this indicator, the stronger the plastic parts.
Their soldering is carried out both there and there in the same way, regardless of whether water is drained with their help or they serve for heating. Fastening with plastic parts is the best option in any case, especially when it comes to compression fittings.
Wiring diagram of plastic plumbing Advantages and disadvantages
Among the advantages that plastic products have, you can find the following:
- installation of polyethylene pipes is extremely simple;
- relatively low cost;
- the impossibility of corrosion in principle (they react only to alkali and other aggressive chemical reagents);
- fittings for polyethylene pipes are produced in a variety of versions and modifications (including compression fittings, with the help of which the nodes at an angle are connected);
- they can be used both for water supply and for heating, water drainage and sewage drains, using plastic pipes, people also carry out;
- all accessories, including taps, are also plastic, which makes the parts light and inexpensive, and it is quite easy to connect different parts, unlike metal parts.
General wiring diagram for plastic pipes used for heating needs
The main disadvantage of plastic pipes is instability to ultraviolet rays.
But, of course, they also have their drawbacks:
The installation of polyethylene pipes for heating should be carried out in a closed mode, that is, the product must be brought into a special casing on the site outside the house so that it does not corny sinter in the sun.
This also applies to the elements with which the connection of different parts of the pipeline is carried out. The removal of sewage, as noted above, is also not always possible.
Mounting Features
What such products are famous for is ease of installation and elementary convenience. Installation of polyethylene pipes for heating and water supply, their connection - this can be done by any person who is at least a little familiar with such work.
Among the main features of the installation can be found the following:
The thickness of the sand and gravel substrate must be at least 10 centimeters!
Types of fittings
All fittings for such products are classified as follows:
- it can be detachable;
- it may be indestructible.
Plastic pipes are more durable than metal pipes One-piece - more reliable, but they will have to be mounted using butt or even electrofusion welding. It is not difficult to guess that such fittings are used only in cases where the entire plumbing structure will be under very high internal pressure.
There is simply no point in using one-piece fittings for the same home plumbing. Detachable means flanged, less often socket types of various connections. Usually used in non-pressurized water supply systems, although there may be exceptions to this rule.
They always have a rubberized seal, which allows you to make sure that different parts of the fittings fit as closely as possible to each other. It is clear that in this case their connection is carried out exactly not by welding, but simply by hand.
Video
You can watch a video on how to choose the right HDPE pipes for water supply and heating.
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