One or two pipe heating system. Which heating system is more efficient: one-pipe or two-pipe? Characteristics of a one-pipe home heating system

In the process of designing a heating system, the question arises of how best to connect radiators - according to single pipe scheme or two-pipe?

Each connection method has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. To choose the correct wiring diagram, you need to determine it efficiency for your home. What is the difference between single and double pipe systems? And what are the selection criteria?

Single-circuit heating scheme

A single-pipe system is the simplest option for connecting radiators and a boiler. It is used for heating small and medium rooms.

It has an important advantage - it gives the ability to organize work independently of the electric circulation pump.

In simplicity and independence from electricity, the main advantages of single-pipe wiring. How does it work?

Principle of operation

In a single-pipe scheme, the same pipe performs the function of supplying hot water and returning cold water. main pipe connects in series all radiators. At the same time, in each of them, the water loses part of the heat. Therefore, in a single-pipe heating scheme, there are hotter radiators - at the beginning, and cooler ones - at the end of the circuit.

Attention! The warmest rooms will be located right after the boiler. The rooms located in front of the entrance to the boiler will be cool. This must be taken into account when building a house.

With such a heating scheme, the first from the boiler should be large rooms - kitchen-dining rooms, halls. And the last - small bedrooms.

Arrangement

Single-pipe wiring ideal for organizing the movement of the coolant by gravity. With the correct location of the heating devices, the water inside the pipes will move independently, without the help of a circulation pump. For this, it is necessary to organize significant height difference between the boiler and the distribution manifold.

The heat carrier heating boiler is located as low as possible- on the ground floor of the premises or in the basement.

The collector through which heated water is distributed is located as high as possible - under the ceiling of the upper floor or in the attic. Water rises from the boiler into the collector during the heating process.

When heated, it expands, becomes lighter and therefore - rises up. Then from the distribution manifold it enters the supply pipe, then to the radiators and returns to the heating boiler.

Reference! In heating a large house, a single-pipe circuit can be divided for several successive runs. In this case, all of them will start from the distributing manifold and end in front of the boiler.

In addition to the boiler, the distributing manifold and radiators, they must be built into the circuit expansion tank. The coefficient of expansion of water depends on the amount of heating, with different heating, water expands in different ways. In this case, a certain amount of coolant is displaced from the system. To collect and store the displaced water, a tank.

The main driving force of the coolant is temperature rise of water. The higher the temperature of the coolant, the greater the speed of water movement through the pipes. The diameter of the pipes, the presence of corners and bends in them, the type and number of locking devices also affect the rate of gravity flow. In such a system, only Ball Valves. Conventional valves, even in the open position, create a barrier to the movement of water.

Vertical and horizontal wiring: differences

More often a one-pipe scheme collected at the level of one floor— in the horizontal plane.

Pipes are laid along the floor, connecting radiators in adjacent rooms located on the same floor. This distribution is called horizontal.

Less often the scheme is collected in a multi-storey building vertically. In this case, pipes connect rooms located one above the other. Such a heating scheme is called vertical. What is the difference between the two wirings, and which one is better for a private house?

Vertical layout:

Requires connection of specific batteries — elongated in height. Most of the radiators on the market are designed to be included in a horizontal system - they are extended in width. If the radiators are connected incorrectly, their efficiency is reduced.
Narrow batteries for vertical wiring heat well small spaces. And worse - large rooms.
Is different low probability of airing pipes, the formation of air congestion - the air is removed through a vertical riser.

Attention! Vertical wiring is optimal for a large number of floors with small areas of rooms.

Horizontal wiring:

Provides great choice of radiators.
Works more efficient vertical, which is due to the physics of the movement of the coolant through the pipes.

Horizontal wiring is used in the arrangement of heating on one floor. In a house of several floors, water is transferred between floors through a vertical riser. So for two- or three-storey cottage will be optimal combined system with elements of vertical and horizontal wiring.

Pros and cons of Leningradka

We list the advantages of single-pipe heating:

Simple and inexpensive arrangement, which provides a small number of pipes, connectors, nozzles and other additional devices in the system.
The ideal scheme for gravity water movement and for the organization gravity heating system without the need for a circulation pump.

Flaws:

Uneven heating rooms - there are hot and cool rooms.
Not suitable for organizing heating of large houses, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich more than 150 sq.m, or in the heating system of which is built more than 20 radiators.
Large pipe diameter makes unaesthetic their appearance on the walls.

Dual battery wiring

A two-pipe heating system differs from a single-pipe one by dividing it into two pipes - coolant supply and return. It provides uniform heating of all rooms. This wiring is used in most new homes.

Principle of operation

In a two-pipe scheme, water from the boiler enters the radiators through supply pipe (main).

Near each radiator, the supply line has a connecting inlet pipe through which the coolant enters the battery. The supply line ends near the last radiator.

In addition to the inlet pipe, each radiator has outlet pipe. He connects it to the return pipe. The return line starts from the first battery and ends with the entrance to the boiler.

Thus, heated water enters the radiators evenly and at the same temperature. From each radiator, water is discharged into the return pipe, where it is collected and fed into the boiler for subsequent heating. Thanks to this movement of the coolant, all rooms in the room warm up equally.

What is the difference

A two-pipe heating system includes elements of a one-pipe system and additional devices. In addition to the boiler, radiators, pipes for supplying and collecting water (the so-called return), the two-pipe scheme also includes circulation pump.

The large length of the lines, the presence of corners and turns in the supply pipes complicate the movement of the coolant. That's why needed his forced circulation electric pump.

Photo 1. Circulation pump model 32-40, voltage 220 Volts, manufacturer - "Oasis", China.

Also in the two-pipe scheme there is more faucets, regulating the supply of water and its quantity. Such a valve is installed in front of each radiator - at the inlet and outlet.

Location classification

In a horizontal two-pipe system, pipes connect the radiators horizontally. This scheme works in heating one-story house or one floor of a multi-storey cottage.

In a vertical two-pipe system, pipes connect radiators located one above the other in one "riser". However, there are differences from the single-pipe vertical scheme. Here - due to the presence of a supply and return pipe, vertical heating can be used batteries of any width — multi-section(since the supply and return risers can be removed from each other). Therefore, the efficiency of two-pipe vertical heating is higher.

Reference! It is desirable that the batteries of rooms located one above the other have the same number of sections. This makes it easier to lay a vertical return pipe.

Bottom and top strapping: which is more effective

The term "lower" and "upper" strapping means how to connect batteries to the system heating. With the lower piping, incoming water enters the battery through the lower pipe.

If it exits the radiator also at the bottom, then the efficiency of the radiator will be reduced by 20-22%.

If the outlet pipe is located at the top, then the efficiency of the radiator will be reduced by 10-15%. In any case, with the lower water supply to the batteries, the heating efficiency is reduced.

With the upper piping (supply), the inlet pipe is connected to the radiator in the upper part. In this case, the movement of the coolant is organized more efficiently, the battery will work by 97-100% (97% - if the inlet and outlet pipes are located on the same side of the radiator, and 100% - if the inlet pipe is on one side from the top, and the outlet is on the other side from the bottom).

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

Suitable for organizing heating large private houses, while the circulation pump necessarily crashes into the system.
Heats all rooms on a floor or in a riser evenly.

Flaws:

manages expensive single-pipe system, since twice as many materials are required - pipes between the boiler and radiators, as well as connecting devices, taps, valves.
The circulation electric pump makes the system work dependent on the availability of electricity.

Important! An increase in the number of pipes and the amount of coolant in the system leads to growth of hydrodynamic resistance and does not allow the water to move by gravity. Forced circulation and a working circulation pump are required.

The heating system is divided into two types: one-pipe and two-pipe. Obviously, it is most advantageous to install a more efficient one that will not only cope with its functions, but will also serve you for more than one year. In order not to remain "out of the blue" and not make a mistake with the choice of the heating system.

You need to properly understand which of the heating systems is best for you and why.

Thus, you will know which system is better from a technical point of view and how to choose it, taking into account your budget.

High water pressure ensures a natural cycle, and antifreeze makes the system more economical.

Disadvantages of a single pipe system - a very complex thermal and hydraulic calculation of the network, since, having made a mistake in the calculations of devices, it is very difficult to eliminate it.

Also, this is a very high hydrodynamic resistance and an involuntary number of heating devices on one line.

The flow of the coolant goes immediately to everything and is not subject to separate adjustment.

In addition, very high heat losses.

In order to be able to regulate the operation of individual devices connected to one riser, bypasses (closing sections) are connected to the network - this is a jumper in the form of a piece of pipe connected by direct and return pipes of the radiator, with taps and valves.

To be able to control the temperature of each individually, the bypass allows you to connect automatic thermostats to the radiator.

In addition, it also makes it possible, in the event of a breakdown, to replace or repair individual devices without turning off the entire heating system.

Single-pipe heating is divided into vertical and horizontal:

vertical - this is the connection of all batteries in series from top to bottom.
horizontal - this is a serial connection of all heating devices on all floors.

Due to the accumulation of air in batteries and pipes, so-called traffic jams occur, which is a disadvantage of both systems.

Installation of a one-pipe system

Connection is made according to the scheme, using valves for airing radiators, which block the valves and plugs.

Crimping system - after which the coolant is poured into the battery and the system adjustment is directly adjusted.

Two-pipe heating system

The advantage of a two-pipe heating system - this is the installation of automatic thermostats, which gives you the full ability to adjust the temperature in individual rooms.

This also includes the independence of the operation of the circuit devices, which is provided by a special collector system.

The difference between a two-pipe and a single-pipe system is that in the first one you can connect additional batteries after connecting the main ones, as well as the possibility of extending in vertical and horizontal directions.

Unlike a single-pipe, here you can also easily correct permissible errors.

The disadvantages of this system are minimal if you have enough material resources and have the opportunity to call the master.

Installation of a heating system with lower horizontal piping

This system allows you to locate the open tank in a convenient warm place. Also, it is possible to combine expansion and supply tanks allow you to use hot water directly from the heating system itself.

In systems with forced circulation, to reduce pipe consumption, the discharge and supply risers are located at the level of the first.

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All heating systems today are divided into two main types: one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems. Each type has its own characteristics and features, but two-pipe heating systems have become the most popular. Sometimes people wonder, one-pipe or two-pipe heating system - what to choose?

Single pipe heating system

Such a heating system is a closed circuit, which is interrupted by the boiler. The installation of such a system involves the installation of a pipeline in all rooms located in the house. Radiators are connected to the pipes, and a coolant is launched into the system (its role is most often played by distilled water), which provides heat transfer to each room. The principle of operation of such a heating system is based on the difference in water temperatures at the beginning of the cycle and during the reverse movement, that is, the water that has passed through the entire circuit returns to the boiler cooled down.

Most often, this design uses the natural circulation of the coolant. To do this, the heated water first rises to the maximum possible height, after which it gradually descends through the pipes, cooling in the process of movement.

The following can be connected to a single-pipe heating system:

thermostatic valves;
radiator regulators;
balancing valves;
Ball Valves.

These mechanisms allow you to fine-tune the heating system for high-quality and uniform heating of the entire building.

Characteristic features of a single-pipe heating system

The most important advantage of a single-pipe heating system with natural circulation is the absence of the need for electricity. Instead, there is a significant drawback, which is expressed in a rather large diameter of the pipes and the need to create a constant slope of the pipeline.

Advantages of single-pipe heating over two-pipe:

Pipes can be connected to "warm floors" or heating radiators.
Such a system can be installed in any room, regardless of the layout.
A closed circuit allows you to heat the entire building as a single piece.
Such a system is much cheaper, since it requires a much smaller amount of materials.

When using a one-pipe system, the problem of "stagnation" of liquid in the pipeline very often arises. This problem is solved with the help of a pump that crashes into the system directly in front of the boiler, at the very end of the return.

In multi-storey buildings, a vertical one-pipe heating system is most often used, while a horizontal one is better suited for compact one-story houses. In this case, all heating elements are located at the same height, which gives rise to the following problem: the water that has cooled down in one radiator comes to the next already cold one. Such a system is much cheaper, but also has significant drawbacks.

Radiators in such a system are not controlled: a horizontal heating system does not imply free adjustment of each heater. If necessary, bypasses can be built into such a system, which make it possible to let the coolant bypass a separate radiator, but such a device will make the system more expensive. Turning off the radiator leads to the fact that the room begins to be heated due to the heat coming from the pipes or riser.

In addition, for the efficient use of this system, it is recommended to use heating elements of different sizes. To equalize heat dissipation, the radiator installed first should be quite small, and the last radiator should be much larger.

Two-pipe heating system

Despite the presence of a number of modifications, a two-pipe heating system works on the same principle. The heated liquid rises through the riser, from where it enters the radiators. But if one pipeline circuit goes to the radiators, then the cooled liquid is removed using the second circuit. This is what makes sense. Water in such a system comes directly from the water supply. For the normal functioning of the system, it needs an expansion tank, which can be simple or complicated.

In a simple one, there is a container to which two pipes are connected. One of them is a riser designed to supply water, and the second pipe allows you to eliminate excess fluid (read: ""). In a complex design, four pipes are installed, two of which are responsible for the circulation of the liquid, and the other two monitor the water level in the system and the tank itself.

Two-pipe heating systems work great in conjunction with a pump. Circulation can be carried out both with a passing flow and a dead-end method. In the latter case, the heated and cooled liquid move in the opposite direction. Both circulation circuits are of the same length, so all radiators provide equal heat dissipation.

A two-pipe heating system bypasses a single-pipe heating system in a number of ways:

Ability to precisely control the uniformity of heat supply in different rooms.
The system is well suited for heating one-story buildings.
Locking riser systems can be located in the basement, thus saving on the usable area of the building.
There are practically no heat losses in this system.

Among the disadvantages of a two-pipe system is its high cost: the number of pipes will double compared to a single-pipe counterpart. In addition, air will periodically appear in the supply line, and to eliminate it, it is necessary to install taps.

Horizontal closed two-pipe circuit can be equipped with top and bottom wiring. The use of lower wiring allows you to add new heaters to the system gradually, as new floors are built (more: ""). The vertical system is well suited for houses with variable number of floors. In any case, a two-pipe heating system will cost more than a single-pipe one, but its use will provide much more comfort and convenience.

One-pipe or two-pipe heating system: advantages and disadvantages

In single-pipe systems, there are no return risers. The movement of the coolant in this case is provided by natural circulation or a pump. The cooled liquid enters the lower part of the system, and along the way it mixes with the coolant from the supply riser. The closed circuit ensures constant circulation of liquid in the system. Passing through the pipeline, the water cools, so the surface area of the heater, located further from the boiler, must be larger in order to increase heat transfer.

Single-pipe heating systems can be built according to two schemes: flow and mixed (read: ""). The flow circuit completely lacks any bypasses, therefore, if one heating element fails, the entire system has to be turned off. This option is currently practically not used, since it is extremely irrational. However, single-pipe systems have a low cost due to a minimum of materials and simple installation. When installing such systems, top wiring is required.

Installation of heating systems

One-pipe and two-pipe heating systems are installed in different ways, and the installation of a suitable system will depend on the parameters chosen, and any specialist can calculate the installation cost. If natural circulation is chosen for the installation, then it will be advisable to install the upper wiring, and if there is a pump and there are no problems with the power supply, the lower one can be used.

In addition, methods for installing heating systems can be classified according to:

type of wiring;
the number of risers;
pipe connection type.

The bottom pipe connection is the most common. Using this method allows you to run pipes under the floor or baseboard, which has a positive effect on the interior of the premises (more details: "").

The main classification of heating installation methods is still based on the chosen scheme. One-pipe and two-pipe heating systems have much in common, but the difference between them is too great to put them in the same row. The advantages of single-pipe heating lie on the surface: low cost and ease of operation. But this system also has enough disadvantages, and the most important of them is that if the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is too large (more than 100 sq.m.) or if there is a second floor, the single-pipe scheme simply will not justify itself. In such cases, it will be much more profitable to opt for a two-pipe heating system.

The latter option also makes it possible to choose the appropriate method for installing radiators:

sequentially;
parallel;
diagonally;
on the side.

You can see the installation methods in detail in the photo.

The classification of installation methods can also be carried out according to the location of the risers:

heating with horizontal wiring;
heating with vertical wiring;
heating without risers.

Conclusion

A single pipe system is cheaper and easier. The two-pipe system is more convenient and reliable. Regardless of whether a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system is installed in the house, space heating will still occur. The final choice depends on the homeowner, but still the two-pipe system has a large number of advantages, and its performance suggests that using such a scheme in your home will be more profitable and convenient.

In the video, a single-pipe and two-pipe heating system for comparison:

Heating systems

Installation of a water heating system can be carried out in different ways. The central node is the installation that produces heat. It forms the temperature of the coolant, which, with the help of natural or forced circulation, is delivered to the heating devices along the laid pipelines. Conventionally, the transport network can be divided into two types. It can be assembled using one-pipe and two-pipe interchange. It is easier to mount a single-pipe line on your own, and the calculation of a two-pipe heating system must be carried out taking into account many technical parameters of various technical units.

To understand which system is better, a detailed analysis of the principle of operation of each option, as well as their operational advantages and disadvantages, will help. This will be discussed further.

Single pipe heating system

The single-pipe heating system began to be used initially, when the full-scale construction of small-sized five-story buildings was completed in the Soviet Union, and central heating was put into operation. The communal services were tasked with providing the people with warmth and making it as cheap as possible. Therefore, it was decided to save on everything, including the laying of utilities. That is why a single-pipe heating system was born, which allows heating both the residential and industrial sectors.

A serious economic effect when using a single-pipe system is formed due to the absence of coolant return risers. The vertical assembly of such a line does not require much labor, so it was it that was most often used until recently. No one considered heat losses in this case. No one thought about the effectiveness of the described assembly of the pipeline. However, many years of operation made it possible to identify all the shortcomings of a single-pipe line.

How does a single pipe line work?

The principle of operation of single-pipe piping is extremely clear. The coolant supply has one closed system consisting of a heating installation and heating devices. They are tied together with one circuit with one riser. It is he who connects all the technical nodes in sequential order. In order to ensure the transportation of the coolant, a hydraulic pump is often used, which pushes hot water through vertical risers laid in apartment buildings.

According to the implementation scheme, a single-pipe system is divided into two types:

vertical.
Horizontal.

Vertical is used to organize heating in multi-storey buildings. In this case, the batteries are connected from the upper floor to the lower one by means of a vertical riser. Horizontal strapping is best suited for a private home. In this case, all radiators are connected in series using a horizontal riser.

Negative aspects of using the described option

Single pipe heating system

Both vertical and horizontal strapping do not always work effectively. Serial connection of radiators does not allow you to control the temperature in a separate room. If somewhere in the middle, with the help of a thermal valve, slightly shut off the coolant supply, wanting to lower the heating temperature of a separate room, all subsequent heaters will become cold.

More than 10 batteries must not be connected to the vertical riser at the same time. Violation of this rule will lead to the fact that at the very top the temperature of the coolant will have maximum values - approximately +105 degrees, and on the lower floor the batteries will not warm up above +45 degrees. In the winter season, when there are severe frosts outside the window, this is not enough, and people will freeze.

Another serious disadvantage is the need to use powerful pumping equipment. It is a powerful hydraulic pump that provides the necessary pressure inside the system, which allows single-pipe piping to work efficiently. Its inclusion in the system increases operating costs, but this is not the worst thing.

Any hydraulic pump cannot provide uniform pressure within the system, so water hammer often occurs, contributing to leakage. Accidents force you to constantly replenish the system with water. And this also leads to additional costs.

And the last negative point in the operation of a single-pipe piping. For its normal functioning, it is necessary to install a special expander tank. When heating a private house, it is placed in the attic, and a technical room is set up there to service this unit. In an apartment building, this problem is solved differently. Stable temperature balancing is ensured by installing jumpers on each floor. And also by increasing the number of radiator sections, with the help of which the lower floors are heated.

Positive points

Heating system of a private house

Despite such a large number of disadvantages of a single-pipe system, it has its own positive operational and technical characteristics. They are quite capable of compensating for all the listed shortcomings:

Firstly, with the advent of new technologies, it was possible to eliminate the problem of uneven heating of rooms. This is done by installing modern radiators, equipped with automatic thermostats, thermostatic valves or radiator regulators. Their use is especially important when heating a private house.
Secondly, the use of bypasses and valves, with which balancing is carried out, as well as convenient ball valves and reliable shutter equipment, makes it possible to repair one heater without shutting down the entire system as a whole.
Thirdly, the assembly of a single-pipe system still takes 2 times less material than the installation of a two-pipe system. The absence of extra pipes, jumpers and complex battery connections allows not only saving on the purchase of additional elements and installation of the main line itself, but also laying a pipeline that looks more aesthetically pleasing.

Two-pipe heating system

The principle of operation of a two-pipe heating system is somewhat different from that described above. In this case, the coolant rises up the riser and is supplied to each heating battery. And then, along the return line, it returns back to the pipeline, which transports it to the heating boiler.

With this scheme, the radiator is served by two pipes - supply and return, therefore the system is called two-pipe.

What are the benefits of such a layout?

Two-pipe line

What can you expect by choosing this option for organizing the heating of a private and residential apartment building?

Such a system allows you to organize uniform heating of each radiator. In any battery, no matter what floor it is on, hot water enters with the same temperature. If desired, a thermostat can be installed on the radiator, and then the weather in the house can be independently adjusted. The use of a thermostat in a single room does not affect the heat transfer of radiators installed in other apartments.
In a two-pipe piping, when the coolant circulates, there are no large pressure losses. Therefore, a powerful hydraulic pump is not needed for the normal functioning of the system. Water is able to circulate due to the gravitational force, that is, by gravity. And if the water pressure is weak, it is enough to install a low-power pumping unit, more economical and easy to maintain.
With the help of shut-off equipment, bypasses and valves, it is easy to organize such schemes that will allow you to repair, if necessary, one heater without turning off all the heating in the house.
Another additional bonus of a two-pipe piping is the ability to use the associated and dead-end movement of hot water.

What is a passing scheme? This is when the supply and return water flows in the same direction. In a dead-end circuit, water in the supply and return circulates in opposite directions. When passing along, provided that radiators of the same power are used, an ideal hydraulic balancing is established. Therefore, there is no need to additionally use presetting valves.

If the heating devices have different capacities, you will have to calculate the heat loss of each, carry out the calculation and link the radiators using thermostatic valves. It is very difficult to do this on your own without knowledge and skills.

Note! Associated hydraulic gravity flow is used where long pipelines are installed. For short systems, a dead-end scheme for the movement of the coolant is used.

Classification of a two-pipe heating system

Types of systems

The classification of the two-pipe piping is made according to the location of the pipeline and the method of arranging the distribution system.

According to the location of the pipeline, it is divided into vertical and horizontal. With a vertical circuit, all batteries are connected to a vertical riser. This option is most often used in apartment buildings. The main advantage of this connection is the absence of air pockets.

For a private house of a large area, experts recommend choosing a horizontal two-pipe wiring and installing a Mayevsky crane in each radiator immediately. It is needed to bleed air, and an example of its correct installation has been described in detail more than once in previous articles.

According to the wiring method, a two-pipe system can be with lower and upper trim. In this case, the hot water supply riser is placed in the basement or basement. The return line is located here, but is installed below the feed. All radiators are at the top. An upper air line is connected to the common circuit, which allows excess air to be removed from the system.

When installing the upper trim, the entire distributing line is mounted in the insulated attic of the building. An expansion tank is also installed there. This scheme cannot be used with a flat roof.

Disadvantages of a two-pipe system

Dual circuit system

Comparing the two battery strapping schemes, it is easy to conclude which is better. Two-pipe in any case is much more efficient. But she has one major drawback. It will take twice as many pipes to assemble it. In addition, they come with a large number of fasteners, valves and fittings, so the installation of a two-pipe system is much more expensive.

Until recently, when steel pipes and labor-intensive welding processes were used to assemble a two-pipe piping, the amount was outrageous. With the advent of metal-plastic and hot soldering technology, laying a two-pipe line has become accessible to almost everyone.

Generalization on the topic

We hope you have concluded for yourself which heating battery piping system is better - single-pipe or two-pipe. For a private house of a small area and a multi-storey building, the height of which does not exceed 5 floors, single-pipe piping can be an ideal option. In all other cases, it is worth using a two-pipe scheme.

All existing heating systems can be divided into two groups:

single-pipe;
two-pipe.

To answer the question: which heating system is better single-pipe or two-pipe, it is necessary to understand by what principle each of them works.

This will clearly indicate the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and will also help you make the most optimal choice, both technically and in terms of the necessary funds, in order to understand a one-pipe or two-pipe heating system is more suitable.

Videos on types of heating systems can be easily found on the World Wide Web.

Advantages of a one-pipe heating system

fewer materials and means;
hydrodynamic stability;
lower complexity of design and installation;
no special infrastructure requirements.

But with all these advantages, we can say with full confidence that a single-pipe system is far from the best scheme by which heating can be implemented. Still, the main reason why the single-pipe system has become widespread in our country is the undeniable savings in material.

Single-pipe heating system: principle of operation

Such a system has one riser (main pipe). Through it, heated water (or any other coolant) rises to the upper floors of the building (if it is a multi-storey building).

All heating devices (heat transfer units - batteries or radiators) are connected in series to the downstream line.

Modernization of single-pipe heating systems

A technical solution that makes it possible to regulate the operation of each individual heater has been developed.

It consists in connecting special closing sections (bypasses), which make it possible to integrate automatic radiator thermostats into heating. What other benefits are possible with the installation of bypasses? We will talk about this in detail later.

The main advantage of such a modernization is that in this case it becomes possible to regulate the heating temperature of each battery or radiator. In addition, you can completely shut off the coolant supply to the device.

Due to this, such a heater is repaired or replaced without shutting down the entire system.

Bypass is a bypass pipe equipped with valves or taps. With the correct connection of such fittings to the system, it will allow you to redirect the flow of water through the riser, bypassing the repaired or replaced heater.

It is not difficult to understand that the task of installing such devices into the system with your own hands is hardly possible to solve, even if detailed instructions are available. In this case, one cannot do without the participation of a specialist.

A heating system with one main riser should be equipped with heating devices that have improved characteristics in terms of reliability. Any devices in a one-pipe system must withstand increased pressure and high temperature.

Vertical and horizontal riser layout

According to the implementation scheme itself, single-column heating can be of two types:

vertical;
horizontal.

If the heating devices are connected from the upper floor to the lower one, this is a vertical riser. If the batteries are connected in series to each other in all rooms of the floor of the building, this is a horizontal riser.

Disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system

complexity of thermal and hydraulic calculation of the network;
the difficulty of eliminating errors in the calculations of heating devices;
the interdependence of the characteristics of the operation of all devices in the network;
increased hydrodynamic resistance;
limiting the number of heating devices on one riser;
inability to regulate batteries and radiators with regulators (pictured below)

Important!
If more than ten heating devices are connected to a vertical riser (for example, eleven), then the water temperature on the first radiator in the network will be about 105 ° C, and on the last - 45 ° C.

Single-column heating in individual construction

If heating with one main riser is installed in a one-story building, then it will be possible to get rid of at least one significant drawback of such a scheme - uneven heating.

If such heating is implemented in a multi-storey building, then the upper floors will be heated much more intensively than the lower floors. This will lead to a situation where it is cold on the first floors of the house, and hot on the upper floors.

A private house (mansion, cottage) is rarely more than two or three stories high. Therefore, the installation of heating, the scheme of which was described above, does not threaten that the temperature on the upper floors will be much higher than on the lower floors.

Two-pipe heating system: advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of a two-pipe collector system

It becomes possible to install automatic thermostats for batteries or heating radiators. In this case, such devices are provided at the design stage of the system;
Pipes according to this scheme are bred through the premises through a special collector system. If one of the elements in the system fails or starts to work unstably, this does not affect the operation of other devices in the circuit;
In other words, with a two-pipe system, the elements of the heat circuit are connected in parallel, in contrast to the serial connection - with a single-pipe system.

The main disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system

heating becomes more complex according to the connection scheme;
the price of the project requires more funds;
circuit wiring is more labor intensive.

Where are two-pipe heating systems used:

in individual housing construction;
in the projects of the so-called "elite" housing;
high-rise buildings (with overhead wiring)

Important!
When designing buildings with more than 9-10 storeys, it is better to use either a single-pipe system with a horizontal floor distribution, or a two-pipe system with an upper vertical wiring.
This will provide better circulation.

Advantages of two-pipe collector heating

reduced hydrodynamic resistance;
the possibility of independent temperature control in each room.

Before starting, the collector heating system requires careful preliminary adjustment. For the correct installation, installation and operation of a two-pipe system, it is necessary to have the appropriate infrastructure.

Variants of wiring diagrams for a two-pipe system

Top wiring

The overhead system is suitable for natural circulation (without pumps) (). It has a lower hydrodynamic resistance. In this case, the upper supply main pipe is partially cooled. Due to this, an additional circulation pressure of the coolant is formed.

Bottom wiring

In a system with bottom wiring, both the supply and discharge pipes are located side by side.

There are such modifications of the lower wiring:

So, one-pipe heating system or two-pipe? In each case, it is necessary to have preliminary calculations and a project (see), on the basis of which both heating devices and the main pipes themselves will be selected (see). The final decision is yours.