It is not surprising that the terrace of a country house becomes the epicenter of life in the warm season: it allows you to be in nature almost 24 hours a day, but in comfortable and well-maintained conditions. It is capable of performing several functions at the same time - serving as a living room for receiving friends, a dining area, a place to relax and a large impromptu playground. Every member of the family will find a place for a comfortable pastime there.
Wooden terrace
Wooden terrace, what are and their differences
Erroneously, the construction of a veranda and a terrace is attributed to the same type of work, although there are fundamental differences between these two structures, as well as a lot in common.
The first building is necessarily an integral part of the main building with which it is built (as a rule) on a common foundation and can be closed or open.
The second structure is separate, even if it is adjacent to the house: it has a separate independent base.
How to make a terrace to the house with your own hands, a detailed photo report:
Lumber for the terrace was dry (6%). Many elements were made independently.
classic terrace
A classic terrace is a platform equipped with a deck, which may have a lightweight roof to protect it from summer rain. It is located in the vicinity of the house or adjoining it, it can be located directly on the ground (hence the origin of its name: the Latin word "terra" - "earth") or on some elevation.
But since there is nothing permanent in the world, this structure has also changed, which is increasingly acquiring roofs and walls, and even windows and a door. Such a modern structure becomes an integral part of the design of the space near a home pool or artificial pond, is erected as a separate building and equipped as a summer kitchen or a picnic area with a stationary barbecue, oven, stove.
Picnic Terrace
It is also actively used in winter: comfort and warmth in it can be provided, for example, by infrared heaters. Therefore, the line between these two structures, intended for summer pastime in nature, is gradually blurred and they can actually be distinguished only by the type of foundation.
Terrace with unusual lamps
If, nevertheless, it is decided that we are building a terrace, then we should decide on its future appearance. In addition, one hundred they can be attached to the house or freestanding, they can be divided into three types according to design. Fully open are mostly freestanding, although for houses built in modern styles, such as high-tech, they are quite a natural addition. Their decoration is as concise as possible, but elegant.
Terrace with open roof
Open with a roof - the most popular type. The roof can be made of roofing material and wood, or it can be a light canopy made of awning or polycarbonate, and serves to protect against the scorching sun and precipitation. Protection from the wind can be used in the form of shrub plantings or plants for vertical gardening. External fences are not provided, except for a light fence in the form of wooden railings or forging.
Terrace closed, winter
Closed - all-season option. As melted, it has full equipment for a comfortable stay at any time of the year. But blank walls are usually absent - instead of them, large window openings are installed, letting a large amount of light into the room. There is only one exception - the wall of the house to which it is attached. The roof can be any, even insulated, but the most popular are translucent structures or, at least, the installation of a lantern in the center of the roof, which allows maximum use of daylight.
The construction of the terrace can be done on one level or two - in this case, more opportunities are provided for zoning and space organization.
Design rules and terms for the construction of the terrace
You can think about how to build a terrace both at the stage of designing a house and after, realizing that without it on the site, country life is not complete. The need for it may also appear in the process of increasing the family: in this case, it becomes an ideal place for meetings.
Therefore, its construction can be carried out at any stage of the construction or operation of the house, especially if you choose such material as wood for this. In this case, its construction will not create any particular inconvenience in life and will not stretch out in time: having started construction, for example, in March or April, it is quite possible to have time to complete it by the beginning of the summer season.
Despite the fact that the structure being erected is lightweight, it is required to be entered in the building passport and to obtain permits for its construction, as for a capital structure. But it is imperative that before submitting it is necessary to decide on the terminology, that is, with the fact: the construction of a veranda with your own hands or, after all, a terrace will be carried out.
Summer extension to the house, veranda
A summer extension made of wood can be built not only to a house built from the same material. It will also become an organic addition to a stone or brick building. The main thing is to maintain the overall architectural style in the design and the terrace being built with your own hands should succinctly fit into the surrounding landscape design. The presence of green spaces: trees or shrubs will not become an obstacle to the realization of the idea: the former can be harmoniously introduced directly into the building itself, and the latter can become a beautiful perimeter frame, especially if a railing or other type of fencing is not planned.
When designing, it is desirable to take into account several of the following provisions:
- the site should be located on the south or south-west side of the building, but preferably near the entrance to the house or with the possibility of accessing it from the kitchen or living room;
- for southern hot regions, the location may be on the north side of the building, but only if it is planned to be used in the warm season;
- if the presence of a roof is not expected, then the floor should have a slight (up to 3 °) slope in the opposite direction from the house;
- the roof should have a projection of 30-50 cm so that raindrops do not fall into the open structure.
What else needs to be considered before starting work
Before you build a terrace to the house, you need to accurately measure how much area can be taken under it. The width should not be less than 2-2.5 m, as this is simply inconvenient - there is not enough space to accommodate a dining table and other interior items, and the semantic and functional purpose of this room is violated. And if it is planned to erect at some elevation from the ground, then it is imperative to provide for the installation of protective railings, which will perform the function of active safety when using an open area.
The most rational operation of the structure of the correct shape: square or rectangular. In addition, building a veranda with your own hands or making a portable summer terrace is easier and less expensive, since during construction, if the calculations are made correctly, there will not be much lumber waste. But not always rectilinear forms are able to organically integrate into the existing environment, therefore, when choosing the configuration and style of the structure, this must be taken into account.
Material number 1 for construction
Terrace board
If we build a terrace with our own hands, then we will have to deal with the choice of materials for its construction on our own. It is also necessary to calculate their number, which is determined by the area and other dimensions, the equipment of the future structure.
The ideal material for such a structure is wood, the products from which fully retain all the advantages, but do not lose their shortcomings. Therefore, before a do-it-yourself veranda for the house or a summer open area on the site begins to be erected, it is necessary to carry out the mandatory treatment of lumber with antiseptic and water-repellent agents and fire retardants. Further decorative finishing with paints, varnishes, stains and other means can be performed only after that.
Wood could be an ideal material for such a construction, but its fragility does not allow this. But real natural beauty, with proper care, can please the owners for several decades. For construction, it is better to use hardwoods, which are distinguished by a beautiful warm pattern, or larch and cedar. Pine, due to its resinous and loose structure, is less preferred, especially for the manufacture of logs and flooring.
Ideal material for summer outdoor areas
Composite decking
For building a terrace with your own hands, artificial material made on the basis of a wood-polymer composite is more preferable, especially if the building is open, including when exposed to moisture and the sun. The terrace board or decking made from it has the advantages of wood, but is devoid of its disadvantages. In addition, products made of wood-polymer composite can be purchased not only for flooring, but also for arranging a log (beam) or finishing (various decorative elements).
Despite the fact that the cost of such material is higher than the average price of wood, it is quite justified to use it to build a terrace with your own hands. In this case, finishing costs are reduced - it does not require painting, processing, the material is durable, does not require special complex care to maintain a presentable appearance, and most importantly, it is easy to work with it, and use a special tool for installation.
Kreg Deck Jig Assembly Tool
It will be much faster and more accurate to build a veranda with your own hands, as well as laying the floor of a summer open area, if you purchase a special tool for laying a terrace board - a Kreg Deck Jig installation tool with which the assembly will not take much time, even if it is performed by a beginner.
The tool is made of durable composite material with additional fiberglass reinforcement. Its design features allow you to fasten even in hard-to-reach places. To increase the durability of the structures being erected, it is recommended to use the hardware of this manufacturer, which has a durable anti-corrosion coating and is equipped with a cap of a special shape that prevents splitting of the material during twisting. Ease of use is added by the presence of a retaining ring, which provides drilling and screwing to a pre-adjusted depth.
Construction stages
Before you build a terrace with your own hands, you need to prepare its project, draw a sketch, according to which determine the total amount of work to be done, depending on the type of future construction. But for all types, it is mandatory to install a lightweight foundation or foundation, laying flooring. For closed or roofed structures, the roof is installed and additional protective and decorative elements are installed: railings, window structures, and others.
In the case when a terrace is attached to the house with your own hands, it can be erected on a pre-prepared base, but if it is missing, you will need to make it. But it is important that the foundation for this easy extension in this case be independent.
Choosing the type of foundation for the terrace
You can opt for a columnar foundation, since it does not require the involvement of special equipment, it can be done independently, and the amount of earthwork is small. They are suitable for building a terrace and piles, which can also be mounted manually, but you will need the help of a friend.
It is quite possible to make a shallow strip base or use metal or concrete supports, but their installation involves the use of special equipment for driving into the ground. Similarly, it is possible to carry out work on the foundation and construction of a terrace with your own hands on a separate site, but in this case it is also possible to provide for the possibility of making a concrete base, especially for an object located near the pool.
If the question arises of how to make a terrace right on the ground, then you can limit yourself to a smaller amount of work. First, the construction site is cleared, the top layer of soil is removed from it, gravel or crushed stone is dumped (possibly with sand), and for greater strength, a thin screed is poured on top. For the installation of decking, laying directly on the ground is also allowed, but in this case, such a structure can be considered temporary, since its service life is limited, even if the wood is treated accordingly.
Installing a log for flooring
Summer recreation areas or do-it-yourself verandas attached to the house must have a reliable connection with the latter. And this role is assigned to the lags, which are laid on a base or a pre-prepared grillage and inserted into the prepared holes in the volume wall. Thus, a kind of strapping is obtained, which should be fixed with the help of anchor bolts. For free-standing structures, the logs should also be laid and fixed to the base and to each other using metal corners.
At the same time, it is imperative to check the quality of the processing of a wooden beam with antiseptic, hydrophobic and fire-resistant impregnations, while paying special attention to the end parts. After laying the log, and if it is planned to install a fence or a frame for a closed building, proceed to the installation of these elements. If the structure is being built as an open terrace with your own hands, then the next step is laying the floorboards.
Making a terrace frame
In order to make the terrace closed, you will need to prepare a frame for its future walls. It can be made from both wooden beams and metal racks. The first option is more preferable, since it loads the structure less, in addition, it does not require the involvement of a specialist for welding. Installation begins with the installation of vertical racks, which must have a dressing in the lower and upper parts. If the structure is attached to a wooden house, then bolted joints or self-tapping screws can be used for fastening.
Ligation with a brick or stone building will require more effort: first, anchor fasteners must be mounted, and then ligation should be done with them.
After the installation of the frame, the construction of the terrace continues with the installation of fences, window structures and other elements provided for by the project. But if you need to figure out how to make a veranda with your own hands, then the general procedure is similar, but after installing the frame, you need to install the window sills to the planned height from the floor and start covering the walls. To do this, you can use wood products, for example, lining or other materials, including thermal insulation, if you plan to actively use the premises in winter.
Terrace roof
The question of how to make a do-it-yourself terrace with a roof can be solved in several ways. For outdoor areas, it is enough to provide places for attaching umbrellas that protect from the scorching sun. Closed objects will require a device of a special design, the simplest of which is a lightweight metal or wooden frame for stretching the awning. In this case, the roof can be either fixed or removable.
In order to equip a more durable and solid roof, it will be necessary to manufacture a frame, on which floor beams are subsequently attached, the cross section of which must be sufficient to withstand the selected roofing.
In the event that an attached open terrace is being built with your own hands, the photo of which conveys the airiness of such a design, the procedure will be as follows: a beam is attached to the wall for the length of the platform, and a second one is installed parallel to it from the outside on the racks. The first beam is attached to the wall with anchor bolts, and the outer ones are fixed to the supports using metal corners and self-tapping screws. Beams are installed on the timber, acting as rafters, and then a crate is mounted on them.
After that, you can proceed with the installation of roofing material, the choice of which is not limited, but several conditions will need to be taken into account. It is not recommended to use heavy roofing products, as they create a serious load on a lightweight structure. Be sure to take into account the architectural style of the house and the environment in order to prevent dissonance between them.
Polycarbonate terrace
For shaded areas, you can choose translucent materials, the most attractive of which is polycarbonate, presented in different colors, having a low weight, easy to install and inexpensive.
It is not forbidden to install glass structures, but their cost is high, especially if the construction area is large. In addition, they create a solid additional load on the bearing elements and have limited strength.
The simplest building near a country house or in the country house of additional landscaped space - minimum work, and maximum pleasure. This is a veranda, patio, covered barbecue area or outdoor terrace. Here, in any weather, you can enjoy lunch and dinner outdoors with your family or with welcome guests. Or, in the afternoon, chat online with friends, inhaling the aromas of a flowering garden over a cup of mint tea with a berry pie. But it is better to read a book in solitude during the midday heat or in rainy weather and indulge in pleasant memories and dreams under the measured rocking of a sofa swing. But you never know what you can do in the most pleasant part of the garden - at the junction of wildlife and urban amenities with garden furniture and sofa cushions?!
Terrace format selection
No matter how beautiful a new house in the countryside is, without garden paths, flower beds, a porch and a well-thought-out outdoor terrace, it looks unfinished. Yes, and in the summer, no matter how comfortable it is in the house, I want to take out an armchair and a table to eat outdoors with the whole family. And it is better when the rain does not drip behind the neck, and the sun does not blind. A veranda and a terrace, a covered barbecue area, a gazebo, a patio and a covered gallery, a shady arcade with grapes or climbing rose bushes… All these are close concepts, although each structure has its own characteristics. But we will not go into details and differences, although it is worth telling more about the open terraces, photo:
1. An open summer terrace is the simplest building in the form of a canopy on one side of the house, used in the warm season. At the base, it has a landscaped area, and can be with or without a fence, on a foundation or paved with paving slabs, with piers between the bases for ceilings or decorative ornaments with carvings or forging.
2. A closed country terrace is used all year round, therefore it involves a wall and insulation. Usually this is a more solid building with waterproofing and a foundation, which should be built according to the project, preferably simultaneously with the construction of the house. It is more like a lightweight extension at the entrance to the house, that is, there is another opportunity to increase living space. A medium-sized room involves heating and lighting, air conditioning and ventilation, as well as stationary furniture that is not taken out into the garden. Often there is a winter garden or early seedlings are germinated, and if full heating is provided, then the family rests there in the winter. Such a structure is also an additional thermal buffer between the house and the external environment in cold climates.
3. Another variety is a universal open terrace to the house, for example, with frameless glazing, which is maximally open in summer and closed and insulated in the cold season. Sometimes it is advisable to install ready-made double-glazed windows and doors in ready-made window openings or niches for the winter, which are removed in the summer. The enclosed space is heated for the duration of the visit by the owners of the dacha with efficient electric heaters, and if not needed, heating is not used. This is convenient when a suburban household is visited periodically, and the general heating is designed only for the residential part of the house. Such a terrace is designed initially according to the needs of the owners, so that seasonal transformations are possible.
Attention: It makes no sense to plan the costly construction of an insulated covered terrace if the cottage is used only in the summer season. If this is a country house or a cottage where it is not supposed to live all year round, a simple canopy or an open terrace is enough. And when visiting a private household every weekend, it is better to use the 3rd option.
Tip: It is not necessary that an open terrace in the country house be built right next to one of the walls. It can be a landscaped area between two auxiliary buildings, for example, a bathhouse and a garage, where grapes are used instead of a roof.
One wall of an intermediate platform with a full roof without climbing plants is best made of a translucent material to limit drafts. Or you can build an open terrace near the barbecue in a remote part of the garden, where it is convenient to relax with your family in the evenings.
If you have already understood what type of terrace you need, then it is important to decide on the area of \u200b\u200bbuilding. Do not make it too big if there is not enough space in the yard or on the site. In addition, it will require a lot of building materials, even if it is the simplest foundation and planed boards. An example is an open terrace to the house, photo:
A terrace or a veranda is a decoration of the courtyard, so it makes no sense to save on construction, thanks to waste materials at hand and the use of low-quality "humped" wood. It is better to soundly make a small platform without a foundation, in the form of a simplified design, and then decorate it with carved half-walls or neat wooden sides.
Tip: Any construction is done once and for a long time, therefore, with a lack of high-quality building materials, it is better to carry out part of the work in stages, and when new funds arrive, complete the spectacular building. For example, an open terrace in the country, photo:
If an open extension is made near a large house on a grand scale, then it is important to take into account the style and overall landscape design of the site. Everything should be in harmony with the appearance of the estate. It makes no sense to “fun” a terrace more luxuriously than a small country house, although the modest porch of a luxurious house also looks somehow “scanty”. A single architectural ensemble creates a magnificent impression.
You can also make a patio with a pool, which is different from the terrace - it is more tied to the house and raised above ground level. Sometimes an open terrace is a modified or extended porch that includes steps and railings. And the ennobled area in the courtyard of the house is sometimes zoned with a hedge, laid out with paving slabs and a crate is made instead of a roof for climbing plants - also the simplest option for garden furniture.
Tip: Until your site has a full roof during the construction process, use an awning or beach umbrella using the unfinished terrace for its intended purpose.
Is it possible to make an open terrace on your own?
There is nothing easier than the construction of the simplest summer cottages, such as outdoor terraces with your own hands. Main stages of work:
- allocate space for a construction site for a terrace;
- draw a rough sketch or draft a structure with dimensions;
- remove all objects, debris and vegetation residues;
- make markup according to the project or drawing;
- we prepare a place for the foundation and make it;
- we lay beams and logs under the flooring;
- along the perimeter of the foundation we strengthen the bearing supports of the structure;
- we make the basis for the roof or visor;
- lay out piers between the supports;
- we complete the decoration or sheathing, leaving room for window openings, if this is an insulated option;
- we complete the construction of the roof in accordance with the general plan;
- engaged in interior decoration and arrangement.
Tip: Whichever version of the proposed illustrations you like, it is important to adjust it to suit your conditions. The construction of the terrace should be functional and practical, adapted to your site and home, and also take into account the lifestyle of the owners and the seasonality of the use of the building.
We will discuss the choice of a place for the construction of a terrace and its shape
The best place for an open terrace is to combine the functions of a porch or veranda, that is, at the entrance to the house. Sometimes a large country house is supposed to have 2-3 doorways, then it is most convenient to make an exit from the kitchen or hallway leading to the living room. It happens that there is nowhere to make a terrace below, since everything has already been paved up to the garage. As an option - an open terrace on the second floor, like a vast balcony with a canopy. This is convenient to do if the living room is located in the same place, next to the bedrooms.
Most often, the construction of an open terrace is done instead of a porch, and this is reasonable, especially at the main entrance. Even if there is no separate exit to a covered canopy that functions as a terrace, it can be made from the side of the kitchen so that food and drinks can be served through the window. Then it is desirable that the window has a wide window sill on both sides, like a tabletop.
Attention: In winter, snow will fall on the terrace and roll off the roof, so a light tarpaulin awning or a weak structure may not withstand the load!
When a landscaped area in a small courtyard is built arbitrarily, without reference to windows and doors, they always take into account:
- in what climate zone is the cottage;
- where and how the sunlight falls to shade;
- are there drafts and strong winds to close the wall;
- whether there are prolonged heavy rains in the summer;
- is there enough lighting or a lot of shade from garden vegetation;
- is it possible to organize artificial lighting in the evening, especially if the family sits up for a long time at dinner in the evenings.
Tip: In a cold climate, a terrace is built on the south side of the dacha, and in a hot climate, at the north wall. Additional shade is created by climbing plants. If there is little light, then the roof or visor is made transparent - glass, polycarbonate, plexiglass.
It is also important what kind of view will open from the terrace, because you want the garden ensemble to please the eye. If there is a need to hide the family from prying eyes, then it is better to relax in the patio. Those who want to impress their neighbors with landscape design and the beauty of home ownership can make an open terrace at the entrance to the courtyard. When no one can see anything behind a high fence, except for periodically invited guests, the location of the equipped site is not important, it would be convenient for the owners.
The shape of the terrace does not have to be rectangular; a semicircular platform looks original or in the form of a polyhedron. However, such an arrangement of an open terrace will require much more building materials, the amount of lumber waste will increase, and there is a need for additional finishing. The same can be said about the configuration of the roof. And don't forget the roof drain!
Do you need a terrace project?
Before making an open terrace in the country, they usually make a project. This can be a simple drawing or a sketch showing all the dimensions for a simple wall canopy design. If this is an integral architectural ensemble of a country estate, then the design should be done by a specialist.
Everyone knows that any quality work begins with a well-thought-out plan and cost estimates, down to the smallest detail. Then a common foundation is made for the house and the terrace, the structure can be combined under a common roof.
If the terrace is built later, it is still preferable to finish it with common roofing materials. At the same time, it is important how it will be “sewn” to the main structure through reinforcement, and sometimes it is made as an autonomous covered structure. Careful study of all details during the design reduces construction time and minimizes unaccounted for factors that have to be eliminated along the way.
A light covered terrace is not a permanent structure, so it can be without a foundation and tied to a house. All these points are important to take into account in the project, which makes it easier to calculate construction costs. And the more competently it is compiled, the clearer the stages of the construction of a covered area and the consumption of materials.
If the project is made by an architect, he takes into account:
- soil features;
- climatic conditions;
- precipitation intensity;
- foundation load;
- dimensions and overall dimensions;
- type of supporting structure;
- roof configuration and slope angle;
- terrace glazing type;
- ladder structure;
- decorative trim.
Building materials for outdoor structures are selected resistant to moisture and fire. It is better to take wood with antiseptic impregnation and fungicides, with fire-fighting treatment. It is an ideal material for the construction of structural supports, its finishing and floor arrangement. Brick for piers is used light (hollow inside).
It is undesirable to make thick walls in order to minimize the shrinkage of the building. Lightweight foam concrete blocks are ideal for an insulated "winter" terrace. You can also use composite materials and homemade adobe bricks, if appropriate for the design of the country house. Waterproofing is required between foundation, concrete structure and flooring.
Any terrace project should be as economical and thoughtful as possible, taking into account the proposed furniture and free space. If there are only a sofa swing and a couple of chairs at a folding table or console, then 2-3 meters wide will be enough. In the event that a whole set of upholstered rattan garden furniture with soft pillows, a full table and chairs for 6 (or more) people are put on the terrace, the area of the covered building can be increased to 5-6 meters from the wall of the house.
When choosing material for an open terrace, it is important to know that a full-fledged roof is not always justified. In the garden, climbing plants, grapes or flowers will successfully replace it, but it is important to decide:
- what type of green spaces is preferable;
- how often they will be planted;
- on which side of the terrace is it more comfortable for them to develop;
- how watering and fertilizing will be organized;
- whether harvesting is convenient if it is fruit plants.
Attention: Honey plants and strongly smelling plants should not be used. This will attract insects - bees, wasps and flies to the landscaped outdoor dining area. It is worth considering how to scare them away.
Tip: The right choice of materials and competent design - a guarantee of a quickly completed job. As a rule, it is proposed to take on the construction of such structures for those who have elementary building skills, tools and practice in working with wood. If certain stages cause difficulties, for example, laying the foundation or roofing, then it is better to entrust this to specialists.
Final stage:
- exterior and interior decoration of the terrace;
- landscaping and furnishing with garden furniture.
At a very modest dacha, you should not order an expensive project, which is usually entrusted to specialists. Here you can limit yourself to 2-4 pillars to support ceilings for an awning canopy or a polycarbonate visor. For such an accomplishment, it is enough to lay out the floors of the terrace with pebbles or tiles, decorate with plants in pots, adding hanging planters with flowers. Against the wall, you can make a sofa bench with handrails in the form of a small table - this is the simplest version of an open structure in the form of a veranda or terrace.
We build a terrace in the country (video) - we insulate the country house and attach a terrace to it.
This is an extension to the house that allows you to admire nature, while at the same time being in the comfort of home. It can be made of brick or wood, and we offer you the most elegant and least time-consuming option - a veranda made of.
Location
First of all, it is necessary to develop a construction project, and for this you need to clearly understand why you need it, what kind of veranda you want, what kind of view you will observe from it. The veranda can be used as a hall, dining room, children's playroom, make it a winter garden, a living room.
- on the corner;
- from the end;
- from the front of the house.
If making another doorway is not a problem for you, keep in mind that a good place for a veranda will be from the western or eastern wall of the house, then it will be well lit and at the same time protected from the summer heat. Some even build a wraparound veranda around the perimeter of the entire house. Important! Do not place the entrance to the veranda opposite the entrance to the house-because of this, there will always be a draft on the veranda.
Next, you need to decide on the size. Verandas look good along the entire length of the wall of the house, but you can build smaller ones. But it’s not worth building verandas protruding beyond the length of the wall of the house - they look too heavy.
The most common shape for such an extension is rectangular, but it can also be in the form of a polygon or circle. 
The veranda can be open (without walls) and closed. If you put sliding panels, then the closed building will easily turn into an open one if necessary.
List of materials and tools
To build a veranda, you will need the following tools:
- bucket;
- concrete mixer or tub;
- a hammer;
- hacksaw;
- level and water level;
- cord to align the posts;
- screwdriver;
- drill;
- drill of the appropriate diameter;
- perforator;
- electric saw;
- electric planer;
- jigsaw;
- roulette;
- pencil;
- square.
You will also need the following materials:
- concrete (cement, sand, crushed stone or gravel);
- brick, metal posts or bars;
- boards and nails for formwork;
- water;
- waterproofing on the foundation;
- bars 100x100 mm;
- floor board 30x100 mm;
- aluminum or polycarbonate profile;
- self-tapping screws and special self-tapping screws for polycarbonate;
- nails 100 mm, nails with a small head;
- staples;
- metal corners;
- anchor bolts;
- dowel;
- rails 30 mm;
- wooden lining;
- plinth;
- vapor barrier;
- aluminum adhesive tape;
- insulation.
The veranda differs from the terrace by the presence
If you attach a do-it-yourself porch made of polycarbonate, then since this is a fairly light material, the foundation can be poured using the columnar method. However, the final choice of the method of pouring the foundation depends on the condition of the soil (frozen, swampy).
If you want a small extension, then the number of posts will be 4 pieces (1 in each corner). If you conceived a large veranda, the columns must be set every 50 cm. 
Step-by-step instructions for pouring the foundation of the veranda with your own hands are as follows:
- Dismantle the porch and the canopy above it.
- Collect all trash.
- Remove the top layer of earth (15 cm).
- Mark the places for the columns.
- Dig holes under the posts with a depth equal to the depth of the foundation of the house.
- Pour 10 cm of sand at the bottom of the pit, and 10 cm of crushed stone or gravel on top of it.
- From wooden boards build formwork of the appropriate height.
- Pour concrete to ground level or to the entire required height of the foundation.
- If you chose asbestos, metal or wooden posts, then before pouring concrete, you need to insert these posts, covering them with solutions to protect metal or wood.
- Allow the concrete to dry well, periodically watering it with water if the weather is hot outside.
- Take out the formwork.
- Fill the distance between the concrete and the ground with sand or fine gravel.
- If you chose brick columns, then lay out the brick to the required height.
- Align the height of all columns, taking into account the fact that the floors in the house should be 30 cm higher than in the extension, otherwise its roof will not fit under the roof of the house (relevant for one-story mansions).
frame
We will consider the process of mounting the frame for the veranda with our own hands step by step:
- Carry out waterproofing of the foundation with the help of roofing material or bitumen, spreading it over the entire foundation.
- Insert into the anchor posts, having previously drilled a hole.
- Mark the first outside corner of the veranda by driving in a nail.
- Starting from the first nail, outline all 4 corners of the building, carefully measuring the right angle (90 °).
- Perform the lower trim (first layer), laying out the prepared bars 100x100 mm and joining them at the corners in the “half-tree” way (when half the bar is cut down at the ends of the two bars using an electric planer). If the bars are not connected at the corner, the bars can simply be joined to each other.
- Between the bars it is better to lay a heater.
- Fasten the connections with metal corners or staples.
- Check with the help of a water level how evenly the strapping is done.
- Check with a square to see if the corners are warped.
- Fasten the strapping to the foundation with anchor bolts.
- Again, check with a water level and square to see if the strapping is warped.
- Cut holes for racks. The optimal distance is 50 cm, you need to consider the placement of windows and doors.
- Install the racks by attaching them to the bottom trim with brackets. Racks must be cut strictly vertically, this is easy to check with a level.
- Before installing the upper trim, so that the racks do not warp, install temporary spacers - they nail the rails between the racks.
- In the bars for the upper trim, cut holes for the racks.
- Using staples, attach the top trim to the uprights.
- Remove spacers.
Roof
The roof of the veranda can be:
- lean-to if the extension is attached to the house with a wide part;
- gable when the veranda is attached perpendicular to the house.
In order to cover the veranda, you must follow the following procedure:
- Make markings with a level and drill holes for anchors in the timber and wall of the house.
- Attach the beam to the wall with anchor bolts.
- Make grooves for the rafters in the timber and in the upper harness.
- Install the rafters in the “half-tree” way from the wall to the upper trim so that they protrude beyond the trim (otherwise the rain will flow right down the walls of the veranda). The distance between the centers of the rafters is maintained at 101 cm. The angle between the rafters and the wall, between the rafters and the top trim must be straight.
- Attach the rafters with metal staples, corners, nails.
- Make a frame using aluminum or polycarbonate profiles, screwing it to the rafters with self-tapping screws.
- Attach polycarbonate sheets with screws or fixing profiles.
Important! In order for water to drain, the timber should be placed above the upper trim of the frame, making an angle of about 40° , but not less than 25° .
If the roof for the veranda is conceived in the form of an arch, aluminum or polycarbonate profiles can be used instead of wooden beams. Despite the fact that polycarbonate is a fairly convenient material for work, some nuances must be observed during its installation:
- Do not remove the protective film until the end of installation, so as not to deform.
- If an aluminum profile is used, then the edges of the polycarbonate must be sealed with a special aluminum adhesive tape.
- Self-tapping screws must be specially designed to work with polycarbonate, they have a special gasket that does not allow the material to deform.
- The grooves for self-tapping screws must be drilled a little wider, since polycarbonate can narrow or expand with temperature changes.
- For the same reason, you can not screw the self-tapping screw too tightly.
- Empty channels inside the polycarbonate should be parallel to the roof slope.
- For cutting sheets, it is better to use an electric jigsaw.
Important! Don't rush or take too long when cutting polycarbonate sheets-from the high speed of the jigsaw, they can melt, and from too low-burst.
Floors and walls
Floors are best made of wood, using special boards 30x100 mm. The laying of the floor occurs in this order:
- Soak the boards indoors for a day.
- Make markings using a water level and drill holes for anchors in the timber and wall of the house.
- Attach the beam to the wall of the house with anchors.
- Check with a water level that there are no distortions between the timber and the lower trim.
- Set the logs (base bars under the floor) perpendicular to how you will lay the floor boards, maintaining a distance of up to 1 m.
- Check the correct installation using a water level.
- Attach the logs using staples, corners, nails.
- Check the water level for distortion.
- Lay out the insulating layer.
- Install the floorboard, attaching it with self-tapping screws 2 times the width of the board.
- If necessary, the boards must be sanded.
- Treat the boards with special solutions.
- Cover with varnish or paint.
Did you know? To make the floor warmer, you can attach a subfloor before installing the lags, drill the logs to the subfloor, and lay insulation between the lags. A finishing floor is laid on top of the insulation.
You can also make a concrete floor and install tiles on it.
To build polycarbonate walls on the veranda with your own hands, follow this sequence:
- If desired, an aluminum or polycarbonate profile can be attached to the wooden racks.
- Prepare polycarbonate sheets, if necessary, cut with a jigsaw.
- Glue the edges of the sheets with a special aluminum tape.
- Starting from the left edge, attach the polycarbonate sheets to the posts with special screws so that the empty channels inside the sheet are perpendicular to the floor.
- Attach a special profile at the junction of the sheets.
Interior decoration of the veranda
To maintain harmony in the decoration, in combination with a wooden floor, it is better to decorate the wall of the house with wood. If the house is wooden, then additional finishing is not required, if not, boards or wooden lining can be used for finishing. The sequence of actions when laying the lining is as follows:
- Keep the lining for 1 day indoors.
- Drill holes for dowels.
- Using dowels, vertically install slats 30 mm wide every 1 m.
- Use a level to check for distortion.
- Attach the vapor barrier (polyethylene film, foil, roofing felt) to the rails with screws.
- Attach the horizontal rails to the vertical rails with self-tapping screws. The bottom rail should be 5 cm above the floor, and the top rail should be 5 cm below the top trim. At the same distance, it is necessary to place slats around windows and doors.
- Check the installation with a water level.
- Nail the first strip of lining with nails with a small hat to the rail. If you want to lay the lining perpendicular to the floor, then the first strip is nailed near the corner, if parallel, then at the top.
- Use a spirit level to check the setting.
- Next, nail the remaining strips, checking after each that there are no distortions.
- Complete the installation by installing the plinth.
Important! You need to nail the lining in the place where the connecting strip begins, further from the edge, driving in nails at an oblique angle.
Windows and doors
If the walls of the veranda are built of wood or brick, then you can insert monolithic polycarbonate windows that will move apart. For this:
- At the top of the window, attach with screws a guide along which the window will move. Doors in wardrobes move along such guides.
- The guide can also be screwed at the bottom of the window, then the window fastening will be more rigid.
- Cut the polycarbonate sheet to the required dimensions.
- Attach special rollers to the sheet that will provide mobility.
- Insert the structure into the guides.
Did you know? Glass windows are only 20% more transparent than polycarbonate windows, but polycarbonate is 20 times stronger than glass.
Polycarbonate sliding doors are mounted in the same way. Using the same technology, you can make a fully sliding wall by screwing the guide to the top trim.
Depending on the type of guide, windows and doors can open in one direction, in both directions, or fold like an accordion.
Having built a polycarbonate veranda with your own hands, you will not only give a more noble look to your home, but you will also be able to enjoy the sunrise or sunset, drops of falling rain, landscapes, with a cup of coffee or tea in your hand, without suffering from unpleasant weather moments and saving on payment labor of workers.
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The veranda and gazebo are a stylish and functional decoration of the summer cottage.
But, if the gazebo is a separate structure that can be used in the summer, then the veranda is a room attached to the house that has a roof, walls and is intended for year-round use.
A warm veranda can serve as a corridor, a hallway or a relaxation room, a greenhouse, a winter garden, and even a pool can be placed in it.
What is the difference between a veranda and a terrace? These concepts are often confused, although they have a constructive and visual difference. The presence of a roof and walls is what distinguishes a veranda from a terrace and a porch.
The veranda is provided for even at the stage of building a house, but more often it is completed already during operation. Therefore, many are interested in how to attach a veranda to the house with their own hands. Below is a step-by-step (step-by-step) instruction for building a veranda for a private house.
1. Veranda project
Any construction begins with the development of the project.
Summarizing the experience of building verandas, it can be noted that they differ in the following parameters:
Location (adjacent to the house):
- Corner.
- End.
- Front.
Degree of closure:
- Open.
- closed (glazed)
By installing sliding doors for the veranda, you can transform a closed veranda into an open one.
Design feature:
- Built-in veranda (built with the house, has a common foundation with it).
- Attached (attached as needed, has its own foundation).
Veranda shape:
- A popular shape is the rectangle.
- Round (semicircular)
- Polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal).
The main purpose of the veranda is to make the house or cottage more spacious and decorate the building. The extension of the veranda also performs a purely utilitarian function - warming the house. Therefore, the question naturally arises, how to attach a veranda to the house correctly. Despite the fact that the veranda is a summer structure, its construction provides for the implementation of a number of rules.
What is included in the construction project of the veranda:
- the location of the veranda. The main options are listed above. It is important that the extension is a continuation of the house, representing a single architectural ensemble with it.
Note. It is better to place the veranda on the east or west side, then most of the time it will be out of direct sunlight. Also, it is worth considering the wind load in the region and on the site, in particular.
- entrance to the veranda. The entrance can be arranged from the street, from one of the rooms, or be through, through the street into the house;
- location of the door. It is undesirable to place the entrance doors to the veranda and the house opposite each other, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided;
- the size of the veranda in the house. The length of the veranda is usually equal to the length of the wall along which it is built. The width is from 2.5 to 7 m. It is important here that the size of the veranda is proportional to the size of the house.
Advice from the master There is no need to save on the project. Its high-quality execution is a guarantee that the veranda will be built correctly, and the execution of permits will not cause problems.
An example of a typical veranda project is shown in the diagram.
How to attach a veranda to a wooden house
Any extension to a house made of wood is carried out after shrinkage of the structure. A house made of timber or logs shrinks over a certain period (most actively the first 2-3 years). To avoid warping the walls, you need to wait for this period, or consider connecting with the house, allowing the frame to play.
2. Documents for the construction of the veranda (permit)
The extension of the veranda refers to the restructuring of the house. Therefore, it needs to obtain permits.
To obtain a permit for the construction of a veranda (for an extension, reconstruction), you must submit to the architecture department:
- a document confirming the right to own the land;
- project of a house with a veranda;
- the consent of all residents registered in the house;
- application for clearance.
Note. You need to start processing documents 2-3 months before the planned construction work. According to user reviews, this procedure takes quite a long time.
In principle, it is possible to complete the veranda without documents, however, when selling, renting or inheriting, problems with this property may arise. The veranda is included in the total area of the residential building, the BTI may regard this as an "Unauthorized increase in living space." Especially if there is heating on the veranda (warm veranda).
During the construction of the veranda, one should not deviate from the dimensions indicated in the registered project. Any adjustment will entail a change in the design documentation and the payment of a fine. The consequences of unauthorized construction are spelled out in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Architectural Activities in the Russian Federation" and the Civil Code, an extract from which is given below.
The consequences for unauthorized construction are listed below.
The last thing to do after the construction of the veranda is to legalize the building with changes and get new documents.
3. Tools and materials for the construction of the veranda
The tool depends on what material will be used in the construction of the extension. For wood you need: a hacksaw, a screwdriver, a hammer and an ax, a sledgehammer, a tape measure, a plumb line, a level (building and water), a corner, a cord for marking, a shovel. For a metal frame, you will additionally need a grinder and a welding machine.
Material
The economy (budget) version of the veranda is a metal frame sheathed with plywood, OSB boards (OSB) or plastic clapboard.
A veranda made of brick, natural stone or wood has a more presentable appearance. It is important here that the material of the extension correspond to the material from which the house, cottage is built, or harmonize (combine) with them.
For the construction of a wooden veranda, you will need: lumber (log or timber, board, rail), fasteners (elements), protective solutions for wood, crushed stone, concrete, bitumen, drying oil or roofing material, window and door systems, roofing material.
For a metal-framed porch: metal corners and steel profiles will replace lumber, metal processing solutions will be added, but otherwise the materials will be the same.
A polycarbonate veranda has proven itself well because it allows you to freely admire the surrounding landscape. In addition, polycarbonate retains heat well, transmits light, and can be used for both walls and roofs. Plus, the cost of the material is quite adequate. Cellular polycarbonate with a wall thickness of 14-18 mm is used.
Note. All materials requiring processing must be processed before work begins. After the veranda is built, processing will be more difficult.
Preparation for construction
The construction of the veranda begins with the preparation of the site. Part of the site, reserved for the veranda, turns into a construction site. Before starting work you need:
- remove the visor above the entrance;
- dismantle the porch;
- clear the area of greenery and debris;
- remove part of the turf;
- consider the place of laying building materials and construction waste.
4. Foundation for the veranda to the house
Before you start pouring the foundation, you need to determine its type. The most widespread is the columnar foundation for the veranda, since it makes it possible to attach the veranda without being tied to the main foundation of the house. However, a heavier veranda needs a strip foundation to be poured.
An important point is the analysis of the soil, which makes it possible to reasonably choose the foundation for the veranda to the house. The following are taken into account: the ability of the soil to absorb moisture, the homogeneity and composition of the soil, the level of freezing, the height of the groundwater, and the stability of the soil.
In addition, the choice of the basis for the extension will be influenced by the design of the foundation of the house and the condition of the walls (wall material).
Having decided which foundation for the veranda is best done, they make markings for the tape or mark the place of installation of the pillars (supports) for the pile.
Note. For a small wooden veranda, it is enough to install pillars at the corners of the structure. For long and wide, provide additional poles along the length / width of the base. The recommended step for installing supports is 500-600 mm.
How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda
- dig holes under the posts about 1 m deep. It is important to know that the depth of the foundation for the veranda depends on the depth of the foundation of the house (should be the same) and the level of soil freezing;
- at the bottom of the pit, a pillow is made from a mixture of crushed stone and sand. They can also be covered in layers, first sand, then crushed stone or gravel;
- a concrete base is poured;
- laid out / inserted supporting pillars for the columnar foundation:
From brick. If you need to make an extension of the veranda to a brick house;
From a bar. For a wooden veranda;
From asbestos pipes, concrete poles or metal supports. For frame veranda.
The ground part of the pillars is brought to the height of the main foundation of the house. If the base is high, you need to bring the extension to the level of the house.
An example is in the photo (the first floor is used as a garage, the veranda is at the level of the second floor).
The installation site is covered with sand to eliminate and strengthen the gap between the post and the soil.
The design of the veranda with a large mass requires pouring a strip foundation. To do this, you need to dig a trench, set up the formwork (slightly higher than the required foundation height), pour concrete. The process of complete solidification of concrete must be accompanied by periodic wetting with water for uniform hardening of the concrete mixture.
5. Veranda frame
The installation of the frame begins with the execution of the lower trim. To do this, a beam is laid on the supports.
Note. The lower harness may have a double system. It is on it that racks and floor logs will be attached in the future.
Next, supports are installed that form the frame of the veranda to the house. The frame of the wooden veranda is made of timber 120x80 or 100x100. When using logs, their diameter must exceed 120 mm. Supports are recommended to be installed at a distance of 500-600 mm, but in practice this is rare. However, the supports are necessarily installed at the corners and form the door/window openings.
The height of the supports is equal to the height of the veranda. In this case, the supports installed closer to the wall must be higher in order to form a pitched roof. The methods of fastening the racks to the bottom trim are shown in the figure.
Advice. The rigidity of the supports will be given by the braces (braces) installed above and below.
When mounting the frame, horizontal bars are installed, which will serve as the basis for installing the window sill during glazing.
The execution of the upper strapping ends the installation of the veranda frame. It will serve as the basis for the formation of the truss system, and will give the frame additional rigidity.
Note. To prevent the top trim from warping, the supports must be fixed with temporary struts.
Many are interested in how to make a veranda frame from a log house. Indeed, in this case, both the foundations of buildings and the log house itself are moving. Therefore, all connections must be able to move (shift). Shrinkage compensators are installed from below, and from above the roof is firmly attached to the rafters of the log house.
6. Veranda roof
Part of the frame is the rafter system of the veranda. The installation of rafters and battens depends on what kind of roofing material the roof of the veranda will be covered with.
From the point of view of design, the following types of roofs for the veranda are distinguished:
Shed roof veranda.
The simplest and best option. In this case, the truss system is mounted at an angle from the wall of the house, which allows rainwater or snow to flow down unhindered without causing harm to the building.
Note. A shed roof is more convenient in terms of organizing drainage and, accordingly, installing a drainage system.
Double roof veranda.
In this case, the veranda is attached to the house with a narrow part. It becomes like a gateway. This method has not found proper distribution. Most often, such a roof is erected over a terrace.
The polygonal roof for the veranda is built in such a way that the angle of inclination is maintained for water to drain.
Installation of the veranda truss system
A board-run is installed on the wall of the house (beam 100x80 mm). The beam is fastened with anchor bolts. The upper parts of the rafter legs are mounted on it.
A power plate is installed along the perimeter of the frame. In small wooden extensions, this function is performed by the top trim boards. The lower parts of the rafter legs are installed on them.
The lower part of the rafters is mounted so that it is possible to provide an overhang (removal) of the roofing material, which means that the veranda is protected from the ingress of flowing water.
Note. The distance between the rafter legs depends on the slope of the roof, the width of the veranda, the weight of the roofing material.
When installing the roofing system of a polygonal veranda, a run board is additionally installed.
Depending on the material chosen, a crate is stuffed (for metal tiles, ondulin, slate) or a continuous crate is made (for flexible roofing materials).
How to attach a veranda to the house - video instruction
7. Floor on the veranda
The order of construction, materials, methods of fastening and processing.
Do-it-yourself flooring technology:
Logs are installed on the boards of the lower strapping. The distance between adjacent logs should be no more than 1 m. The logs are installed perpendicular to how the floorboard will be laid.
Fastening the log to the strapping is an important point, the quality of its implementation determines the performance of the floor. Setting the lag is controlled by the level.
What to make the floors on the open veranda
The concrete floor on the veranda is cheaper, plus, it is durable and requires subsequent finishing. For example, you can lay tiles or lay linoleum. The wooden floor on the veranda, even painted, will deform over time. The plinth is also recommended to use plastic with wood decor.
How to cover the floors on a closed veranda
The floor of the closed veranda is being laid. In this case, the installation begins with the board farthest from the entrance. It is attached to the lags directly through the board.
Subsequent boards are mounted using the tenon-groove method, and the fastening of the hardware is carried out through the groove.
How to fix the floorboard on the veranda
It is recommended to fix the floor boards with self-tapping screws. Their length should be twice the width of the board. The distance from the edge of the floorboard to the wall is 10-15 mm. Such a gap will compensate for the expansion of wood in the hot season.
How to cover the floor on the veranda (open, closed)
Wooden veranda flooring is one of the most popular and easy to install. Therefore, the actual question is how to process the floor on the veranda in order to extend the service life and preserve the aesthetic properties.
Floorboards will last longer if they are additionally covered with solutions that prevent the appearance of fungus. As a floor finish, a decorative layer of paint or stain is applied, varnished on top.
A novelty among paintwork materials is Dufa "Liquid Plastic" paint, designed for outdoor use (well suited for an open veranda).
Of the transparent coatings, the respect of users has earned:
- Tikkurila Valtti (wood oil);
- Pinotex Terrace Oil;
- Alpina Oel Terrassen Dunkel;
- Watco Danish Oil.;
- as well as epoxy varnishes (yacht varnishes), which are designed for use in a humid environment.
- the product must be intended for wood;
- be resistant to abrasion;
- differ in resistance to the influence of environmental factors (water, temperature, ultraviolet).
It is worth noting that veranda floor coverings are quite expensive, but this is justified by their service life, no refinishing and high aesthetic properties.
8. Roofing material for the veranda
As a roofing material, it is better to use such material for the roof of the veranda, which is installed on the main building (house or cottage). Well proved, bituminous tile,. They are installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Note. To prevent water from flowing inside the veranda at the junction of the roof of the extension to the wall of the house, it is necessary to lay a joint bar over the roofing material.
The correct installation of the joint strip involves the manufacture of a gash in the wall of the house into the institution of the narrow edge of the strip into it.
You can admire the surrounding beauty in the warmth of the veranda by installing transparent roofs for the veranda. In this case, the role of the roofing material is played by glass or cellular polycarbonate.
Telescopic awning roofs or sliding roofs for the veranda are considered a novelty.
). Installation of finishing materials depends on their type.
It is important to know that the wall of the veranda adjacent to the house is fixed with embedded metal elements (details). The fastening must be rigid.
Today, sheathing of the walls of the veranda with sliding systems is popular, the upper half of which is glass and the lower half is wooden.
Note. Before moving on to the external and internal decoration of the walls of the veranda, you need to give it time to settle. This is especially true for wooden verandas.
10. Veranda glazing
Windows occupy a significant part of the area of the walls of the veranda. Due to the fact that the veranda is a summer building, single wooden windows are usually installed, most often plastic or wooden. Aluminum windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows are used.
The large veranda is equipped with both opening and blind windows. The first allow you to provide ventilation of the room, the second - to save on glazing. Sliding windows deserve attention, allowing you to turn the veranda into an open terrace.
Among the new products, flexible windows for the veranda stand out. They allow you to extend the operational period of the summer veranda. The advantage of windows in a relatively low cost, the ability to quickly assemble and disassemble for the winter. They make the high veranda safe for children to play without compromising its appeal.
Soft windows for the veranda - roll systems (PVC curtains), which allow you to glaze the veranda of any configuration (round, semicircular, oval).
Installation of soft windows - video
The veranda allows you to profitably expand the usable space of a residential building. In a properly erected and well-equipped extension, you can comfortably spend time both in the warm and in the cold season.
An extension is best built so that it closes the front door to the main house. Therefore, you will not be able to build a veranda from any desired side of the already finished main building. Otherwise, the veranda will be torn off from the main building and you will have to enter it through the street.
Extension dimensions are selected individually. For a family of 3-6 people, a 3x4 m veranda is enough. It is also important to take into account the general view from the street. For example, if you live in a large two- or even three-story house, and the veranda is very small, the overall architectural ensemble will turn out to be inharmonious. For compact houses, you can safely attach verandas the width of the entire wall of the main building - it looks great.
Important note! Regardless of the chosen size and, in general, the features of the extension, its construction must first be legalized. To do this, you must have a project in hand. You can find it in open sources or order it from a specialized company.
With the finished project, go to the local architectural department. Employees of the department will study your project, make the necessary changes and issue a permit. Keep in mind that it takes about 2-3 months on average to review and approve a project, so it is best to deal with this issue in the winter, before the start of the construction season.
Construction site marking
We are starting to prepare our construction site.
First step. We remove about 150 mm of the top layer of soil around the perimeter of the future building and take it to flower beds, a garden or another place.
Second step. Align the resulting recess.
Third step. We do markup. First, focusing on the project, we drive in metal or wooden pins at the corners of the site, then in the same way we drive in intermediate pegs every 1-1.5 m, and then we pull the rope between the pins. We will be guided by it in the process of arranging the foundation.
We make the foundation
Most often, verandas are built on the bases of a columnar or tape type. The depth of the support is taken equal to the depth of the foundation of the main house. It is strongly not recommended to connect the main support with the foundation of the extension, because. these designs will have widely varying weights. Therefore, the degree of their shrinkage will also differ. To prevent a heavy house from pulling a relatively light extension, the latter must be erected on a separate foundation. To do this, leave between the foundations of approximately 3-4 cm gap.
Important point! When choosing the type of foundation, consider, first of all, the characteristics of the soil in your area and the total mass of the veranda. For the construction of heavy structures on heaving soils, monolithic ones are best suited. Lightweight structures, for example, made of wood, can be built on columnar supports.
Tape base
The tape type foundation is optimally suited for the further construction of a veranda on it from building blocks or bricks. The thickness of the base, as already noted, is maintained equal to the thickness of the foundation of the house. If this is a new building, we keep the thickness at the level of 70-80 cm.
First step. We dig a trench along the perimeter of the walls of the extension.
Second step. We level the bottom and walls of the trench, from wooden boards or shields, according to the height of the future concrete support.
Third step. We successively fill the bottom of the trench with a 10-cm layer of sand and the same layer of gravel with the obligatory tamping of each ball of backfill.
Fourth step. We lay the reinforcing mesh of 10-12 mm bars. The recommended mesh size is 10x10 cm. So the base will be as strong as possible.
Fifth step. We pour concrete prepared from a portion of cement, three portions of sand, 4-5 portions of gravel and water.
Carefully level the fill and leave it to dry and gain strength for 3-4 weeks. In the heat, we pour concrete every day to prevent it from cracking.
columnar base
Perfect for a veranda made of timber or polycarbonate. Pits for poles are recommended to be made with a depth of 80-110 cm. If the veranda is small (up to about 3x4 m), it will be enough to install supports in the corners. However, professional builders recommend installing intermediate racks for any size of the veranda. We maintain the distance between the supports within 0.8-1 m.
First step. We dig holes in the places of future pouring of the pillars. The best way to do this is with a drill.
Second step. We fill the bottom of each recess with a 15-20 cm layer of sand. Additionally, it is recommended to pour about 10 cm of gravel. We compact each layer.
Third step. Pour the concrete to the ground level and let it harden.
Fourth step. Finished concrete supports are coated with bitumen.
Fifth step. We fill the cracks between the ground and the supports with sand.
Sixth step. We erect the above-ground part of the brick pillars. We make the height equal to the height of the foundation of the main house.
Making a subfloor
The floor can be wood or concrete. For example, in a frame veranda made of wooden beams, a wooden floor would be more appropriate. Concrete pouring will best fit into an extension made of bricks.
We do the wooden draft floor like this:
- we fix the beam of the lower trim on the foundation. We use suitable fasteners, for example, anchors. To connect the beams directly, we first make samples at their joints and additionally fasten them with galvanized nails;
- we attach wooden logs to the bottom trim. We maintain the step at the level of 50 cm - so the floor will definitely not fail. We use the connection option described above;
- we fill the space between the lags with expanded clay;
- we make flooring from unedged boards or plywood with a thickness of about 50 mm. We fasten the flooring elements to the logs with galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.
We do the concrete screed like this:
- we fill the base with a 10-centimeter layer of sand;
- pour a layer on top;
- laying reinforcing mesh. For the floor of the veranda, a grid of bars with a diameter of 6-8 mm with cells of 25x25 cm is enough;
- pour concrete.
Important! The screed should be as even as possible. We carry out the work with the obligatory use of the level.
We build a wooden veranda
Basic material properties
Wood is one of the most popular and ancient building materials. Even after the appearance on the market of all kinds of blocks and other budget and easy-to-arrange elements, wood practically did not lose ground.
With the construction of a simple frame wooden veranda, almost everyone can handle it. It is only necessary to properly mount the frame racks and sew them up with shields, clapboard or other suitable material.
The indisputable advantage of wood is its environmental friendliness, beautiful appearance and relatively low weight. The latter property allows you to abandon the arrangement of expensive and difficult to build foundations.
The main disadvantage of a wooden veranda is its fire hazard - installing a brazier in such an extension or in its immediate vicinity is a very important undertaking that requires taking into account many nuances and trifles. Therefore, it is better to take the source of fire somewhere far away from the wooden veranda.
Another significant drawback of wood is its poor tolerance to high humidity, which is why the material needs serious pre-treatment with special ones. Without such preparation, the wood will rot very quickly.
Construction order
For the construction of the frame, we use a high quality wooden beam with a section of 100x100 mm. We already have the lower trim and the subfloor, so we continue to work following the instructions below.
First step. We cut grooves in the beam of the lower strapping for the installation of vertical supports. We maintain a half-meter step.
Second step. We install vertical racks. To fasten the frame elements, we use staples and screws or nails.
Important! The roof of our veranda, as noted, will be sloping. Therefore, the vertical beam, installed at the bottom of the slope, is made 50 cm below the opposite racks.
Third step. We mount the beam of the upper trim. On higher racks, no questions will arise - we perform the connections in the same way as in the previous stages.
When installing the strapping of lower supports, we do the following: first we connect the posts longitudinally with a strapping beam, and then we fix the transverse crossbars connecting the high and low racks at the height of the low racks. We fasten the crossbars with high racks using pre-created samples and nails.
Fourth step. The top harness is ready. The resulting slope will allow us to lay the rafters for the roof. Additionally, we nail a girder near the roof slope. To fasten the beam with all supports, we use anchor bolts. For greater reliability, it is recommended to fasten the strapping beam with transverse boards or beams, if possible and necessary (we focus on the weight of the future roofing material). We will attach racks and struts to them for greater strength of the truss system.
Fifth step. We mount in increments of 50 cm. To do this, we use a wooden bar with a section of 100x200 mm. We perform the connection of structural elements by any of the previously discussed methods.
Sixth step. We sew the frame. Lining is perfect for interior cladding, siding or other material is perfect for exterior. Between the materials of the outer and inner skin we lay layers of hydro- and thermal insulation. We attach the film to the frame. The position of the insulation is fixed by transverse rails. The finishing material is also attached to them. When sheathing, do not forget to leave openings for windows and doors.
Prices for various types of timber
brick verandas
Basic information about building material
Brick is great for building capital verandas. In a building made of this material, it will be cool in summer and, if properly insulated, warm in winter. Brickwork is durable, fireproof and unpretentious in maintenance.
The main disadvantage of a brick building is a lot of weight. Such structures are built exclusively on, which does not have the best effect on the total cost of construction.
The order of the construction of the veranda
The foundation is ready and waterproofed, the screed is poured, the base is even and does not require any additional preparatory measures. Let's start laying out the walls.
We first select the appropriate type of masonry. The simplest options that are perfect for self-construction of a veranda are as follows:
- spoon masonry. The final wall thickness will be 120 mm;
- poke masonry. Wall thickness - 250 mm;
- chain laying. Allows you to get walls with a thickness of 380 mm.
First step. We attach a mooring cord at two opposite ends of the foundation with a coupler. It should run along the edge of the base.
Second step. We expose the corner bricks along the cord, and then fill the space between them in accordance with the chosen masonry method. To fasten building elements, we use a standard cement mortar.
Third step. We check the evenness of the first row and similarly lay out the walls to the desired height, not forgetting to leave openings for doors and windows.
Important! will be inclined, therefore, the wall falling on the bottom of the slope, as well as the side walls adjacent to it, are made a row lower compared to the wall supporting the top of the roof.
Having laid out the last row of walls, we equip the armored belt. To do this, we fix a formwork about 70 mm high on each wall on the upper surface of the walls, put anchor bolts in the corners, lay reinforcing bars and pour concrete.
We let the concrete harden, and then we attach a strapping of a wooden beam with a section of 10x10 cm to the anchor bolts. The further procedure for arranging the truss system remains similar to the situation with
If the veranda is planned to be used throughout the year, the walls can be laid in two rows, filling the gap between the rows with heat-insulating material. With single masonry, we carry out insulation, moisture insulation and interior decoration by analogy with a wooden veranda. The exterior finish is up to you. You can simply gently embroider the seams and finish it.
| Masonry size | Length, L | Width, V | Height, H | Number of bricks thickness not included mortar joint, PCS. | Number of bricks taking into account the thickness mortar joint 10 mm, PCS. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 m3 single brick laying | 250 | 120 | 65 | 512 | 394 |
| 1 m3 thickened brickwork | 250 | 120 | 88 | 378 | 302 |
| 250 | 120 | 65 | 61 | 51 | |
| 1 sq. m of masonry in half a brick (masonry thickness 120 mm) | 250 | 120 | 88 | 45 | 39 |
| 1 sq. m of masonry in one brick (masonry thickness 250 mm) | 250 | 120 | 65 | 128 | 102 |
| 250 | 120 | 65 | 189 | 153 | |
| 1 sq. m of masonry in one and a half bricks (masonry thickness 380 mm) | 250 | 120 | 88 | 140 | 117 |
| 250 | 120 | 65 | 256 | 204 | |
| 1 sq. m of laying in two bricks (masonry thickness 510 mm) | 250 | 120 | 88 | 190 | 156 |
| | 250 | 250 | 65 | 317 | 255 |
| 1 sq. m of masonry in two and a half bricks (masonry thickness 640 mm) | 250 | 250 | 88 | 235 | 195 |
Prices for building and facing bricks
Building and facing bricks
We make the roof of the veranda
And the rafters have been installed. It remains to make the crate, mount the insulating layers and lay the finishing roofing material.
The lathing can be continuous (for rolled materials) and sparse (for sheet roofing). We make a continuous crate from OSB boards. To do this, we attach them to the rafters with a 1-centimeter gap. We fasten the beams of a sparse crate with a step recommended by the manufacturer of the selected roofing material. On average, it is 30-35 cm. To attach the battens to the rafters, we use galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.
The cells between the bars of the crate are filled with mineral wool for thermal insulation. We lay a waterproofing film on top and attach it to the crate using a stapler with staples. In the case of arranging a continuous crate, we fix the thermal insulation from the inside of the room. We fix the insulation plates with the help of transverse rails, nailing them to the crate.
In conclusion, it remains to mount. It is better that it matches the roof covering of the main house. Otherwise, we focus on our preferences and available budget.
Finishing the floor
If the draft floor is wooden, we put insulation in the space between them and fill the flooring from edged boards to the logs. Boards are painted and varnished.
On top of the concrete screed, you can also equip a boardwalk, similar to the previous method, or lay another material of your choice, such as linoleum.
At the end, the doors remain, furnish at your discretion and connect lighting if necessary. We will not pull the wire. It is enough to take the extension cord out of the house and turn on the necessary lighting fixtures.
Successful work!
Video - Do-it-yourself veranda
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