Made from purple synthetic fibre. Synthetic fibre. Application of chemical fibers

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Some natural cellulose fibers are processed and processed for specific uses. Well-known fibers such as viscose, acetate, etc. are obtained by processing various natural polymers.

The first artificial fibers to be developed and manufactured used polymers of natural origin, more specifically cellulose, which is a raw material available in large quantities in the plant kingdom.

Cellulose is a natural polymer that makes up the living cells of all vegetation. It is the material at the center of the carbon cycle and the most abundant and renewable biopolymer on the planet.

Cotton sheets and wood pulp, viscose, copper ammonium silk, cellulose acetate (secondary and triacetate), polynose, high wet modulus (HMW) fibre.

  • Cellulose is one of the many polymers found in nature.
  • Wood, paper and cotton contain cellulose. Cellulose is an excellent fiber.
  • Cellulose is made up of repeating units of monomeric glucose.
  • The three types of regenerated cellulose fibers are viscose, acetate and triacetate, which are derived from the cell walls of short cotton fibers called linters.
  • Paper, for example, is almost pure cellulose.

Viscose

The word "viscose" was originally applied to any fiber made from cellulose and therefore contained cellulose acetate fibers. However, the definition of viscose was described in 1951 and now includes textile fibers and fibers composed of regenerated cellulose, excluding acetate.

  • Viscose is a regenerated cellulose fibre.
  • It is the first man-made fiber.
  • It has a jagged round shape with a smooth surface.
  • When wet, viscose loses 30-50% of its strength.
  • Viscose is formed from natural polymers and therefore is not a synthetic fiber, but an artificial regenerated cellulose fiber.
  • The fiber is sold as rayon.
  • There are two main varieties of viscose fiber, namely viscose and copper ammonium.

Acetate

Derivative fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is cellulose acetate. Acetate is obtained from cellulose by refining cellulose from wood pulp with acetic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid.

Characteristics of acetate fiber:

  • Luxurious to the touch and look
  • Wide range of colors and glosses
  • Excellent drape and softness
  • Relatively fast drying
  • Resistant to shrinkage, moths and powdery mildew

Special dyes have been developed for acetate because it does not accept dyes commonly used for cotton and viscose.

Acetate fibers are manufactured fibers in which the fiber-forming substance is cellulose acetate. Cellulose ethers triacetate and acetate are formed by acetylation of cotton linters or wood pulp using acetic anhydride and an acid catalyst in acetic acid.

Acetate and triacetate fibers are very similar in appearance to viscose with consistent strength. Elements and triacetates are moderately stiff fibers and have good flexural and deformation resilience, especially after heat treatment.

The abrasion resistance of acetate and triacetate is poor and these fibers cannot be used in applications requiring high abrasion and wear resistance; however, the abrasion resistance of these fibers is excellent. Although acetate and triacetate are moderately absorbent, their absorption cannot be compared to pure cellulose fibers. To the touch, acetate fabrics are somewhat softer and more flexible than triacetate. The fabrics of both fibers have excellent drape characteristics. Acetate and triacetate fabrics have a pleasant appearance and a high degree of sheen, but the sheen of these fabrics can be modified by adding a matting agent.

Both acetate and triacetate are susceptible to attack by a number of household chemicals. Acetate and triacetate are attacked by strong acids and bases and oxidizing bleaches. Acetate has only a slight resistance to sunlight, while the solar resistance of triacetate is higher. Both fibers have good heat resistance below their melting points.

Acetate and triacetate cannot be dyed with dyes used for cellulose fibers. These fibers can be satisfactorily dyed with disperse dyes at moderate to high temperatures, producing crisp, vibrant hues. Acetate and triacetate dry quickly and can be dry cleaned.

The 19th century was marked by important discoveries in science and technology. A sharp technical boom affected almost all areas of production, many processes were automated and moved to a qualitatively new level. The technical revolution did not bypass the textile industry either - in 1890, a fiber made using chemical reactions was first obtained in France. The history of chemical fibers began with this event.

Types, classification and properties of chemical fibers

According to the classification, all fibers are divided into two main groups: organic and inorganic. Organic fibers include artificial and synthetic fibers. The difference between them is that artificial ones are created from natural materials (polymers), but with the help of chemical reactions. Synthetic fibers use synthetic polymers as raw materials, while the processes for obtaining fabrics are not fundamentally different. Inorganic fibers include a group of mineral fibers that are obtained from inorganic raw materials.

As a raw material for artificial fibers, hydrated cellulose, cellulose acetate and protein polymers are used, for synthetic fibers - carbochain and heterochain polymers.

Due to the fact that chemical processes are used in the production of chemical fibers, the properties of the fibers, primarily mechanical, can be changed using different parameters of the production process.

The main distinguishing properties of chemical fibers, in comparison with natural ones, are:

  • high strength;
  • the ability to stretch;
  • tensile strength and long-term loads of different strengths;
  • resistance to light, moisture, bacteria;
  • crease resistance.

Some special types are resistant to high temperatures and aggressive environments.

GOST chemical threads

According to the All-Russian GOST, the classification of chemical fibers is quite complicated.

Artificial fibers and threads, according to GOST, are divided into:

  • artificial fibers;
  • artificial threads for cord fabric;
  • artificial threads for technical products;
  • technical threads for twine;
  • artificial textile threads.

Synthetic fibers and threads, in turn, consist of the following groups: synthetic fibers, synthetic threads for cord fabric, for technical products, film and textile synthetic threads.

Each group includes one or more subspecies. Each subspecies has its own code in the catalog.

Technology of obtaining, production of chemical fibers

The production of chemical fibers has great advantages over natural fibers:

  • firstly, their production does not depend on the season;
  • secondly, the production process itself, although quite complicated, is much less laborious;
  • thirdly, it is an opportunity to obtain a fiber with pre-set parameters.

From a technological point of view, these processes are complex and always consist of several stages. First, the raw material is obtained, then it is converted into a special spinning solution, then the fibers are formed and finished.

Various techniques are used to form fibers:

  • use of wet, dry or dry-wet mortar;
  • application of metal foil cutting;
  • drawing from a melt or dispersion;
  • drawing;
  • flattening;
  • gel molding.

Application of chemical fibers

Chemical fibers have a very wide application in many industries. Their main advantage is relatively low cost and long service life. Fabrics made from chemical fibers are actively used for tailoring special clothes, in the automotive industry - for strengthening tires. In the technique of various kinds, non-woven materials made of synthetic or mineral fibers are more often used.

Textile chemical fibers

Gaseous products of oil and coal refining are used as raw materials for the production of textile fibers of chemical origin (in particular, for the production of synthetic fibers). Thus, fibers are synthesized that differ in composition, properties and combustion method.

Among the most popular:

  • polyester fibers (lavsan, krimplen);
  • polyamide fibers (nylon, nylon);
  • polyacrylonitrile fibers (nitron, acrylic);
  • elastane fiber (lycra, dorlastan).

Among the artificial fibers, the most common are viscose and acetate. Viscose fibers are obtained from cellulose - mainly spruce. Through chemical processes, this fiber can be given a visual resemblance to natural silk, wool or cotton. Acetate fiber is made from waste from cotton production, so they absorb moisture well.

Chemical fiber nonwovens

Nonwoven materials can be obtained from both natural and chemical fibers. Often non-woven materials are produced from recycled materials and waste from other industries.

The fibrous base, prepared by mechanical, aerodynamic, hydraulic, electrostatic or fiber-forming methods, is fastened.

The main stage in the production of nonwoven materials is the stage of bonding the fibrous base, obtained by one of the following methods:

  1. Chemical or adhesive (adhesive)- the formed web is impregnated, coated or sprinkled with a binder component in the form of an aqueous solution, the application of which can be continuous or fragmented.
  2. Thermal- this method uses the thermoplastic properties of some synthetic fibers. Sometimes the fibers that make up the nonwoven material are used, but in most cases a small amount of fibers with a low melting point (bicomponent) is deliberately added to the nonwoven material at the spinning stage.

Chemical fiber industry facilities

Since the chemical production covers several industries, all chemical industry facilities are divided into 5 classes depending on the raw materials and application:

  • organic matter;
  • inorganic substances;
  • organic synthesis materials;
  • pure substances and chemicals;
  • pharmaceutical and medical group.

According to the type of purpose, chemical fiber industry facilities are divided into main, general factory and auxiliary.

artificial fibres. Among the chemical fibers in terms of output, the first place is occupied by artificial viscose fiber. The main substance for the production of viscose fiber is wood pulp and cheap chemicals available. The advantage of viscose fiber is the high economic efficiency of its production and processing. So, in the production of 1 kg of viscose yarn, labor costs are 2-3 times lower than the costs for the production of the same yarn from cotton and 4.5-5 times lower than the production of 1 kg of wool yarn.

Viscose fiber is produced in various lengths and thicknesses. The thickness of the elementary fiber of viscose silk is from 0.5 to 0.2 tex.

Viscose fibers have sufficient strength, but when wet, their strength drops to 50-60%. Their disadvantage is the ability to shrink, i.e., shrink in length, especially after washing the products.

These fibers have high hygienic properties, as they are characterized by the ability to absorb moisture well. Viscose fibers are heat resistant.

When heated, they do not soften and withstand heating without destruction up to 150 °. At higher temperatures (175-200°) the process of fiber decomposition begins.

Viscose fibers with enhanced properties are called polynose. By their properties, they are close to cotton fiber.

Based on cotton or wood pulp, other artificial fibers are obtained - copper ammonia and acetate.

Copper-ammonia fiber in its properties resembles viscose fiber. It is produced in small quantities, since its production is much more expensive than the production of other man-made fibers. It is mainly used in mixtures with wool.

There are two types of acetate fibers: diacetate and triacetate. Diacetate fibers are commonly referred to as acetate fibers. Acetate fibers have sufficient strength. Their breaking elongation is 18-25%. The tensile strength of acetate fiber in the wet state is reduced by 40-50%, and triacetate - by 10-15%. Acetate fiber absorbs about 6.5% of moisture, and triacetate - no more than 1-1.5%.

Acetate fibers in their properties occupy an intermediate position between artificial and synthetic fibers.

Unlike viscose, acetate fibers are thermoplastic and begin to deform at a temperature of 140-150 °.

The use of acetate fibers mixed with viscose can significantly reduce the wrinkling of products. Acetate fibers are not dyed with dyes used for dyeing viscose fibers, so the use of acetate fibers mixed with viscose fibers allows you to create various color effects, ennoble the front surface of the fabric.

Of other artificial fibers, glass and metal are used in the production of fabrics; metal threads are used to give fabrics various decorative effects; they are called alunit, lurex, metlon, etc.

Synthetic fibres. Of the synthetic fibers, polyamide fibers are most widely used, which include nylon, anide, enanth and other fibers. In our country, among polyamide fibers, nylon fiber occupies the first place. To obtain it, caprolactam resin is used, which is obtained by chemical synthesis from relatively simple organic substances.

Polyamide fibers have a number of valuable properties: high tensile strength, resilience and exceptional abrasion resistance.

The advantage of polyamide fibers is their high resistance to abrasion and repeated deformations.

As a result, billions of people use them every day.. And, in fact, each of us strives to appear in front of others in the most attractive way through the use of the most attractive clothes, which are created from the finest fibers that exist.. Many of us require biodegradable suture material in case of surgery. We all live in homes that require fibers for air and water filters.. An easy-to-handle fiber cloth makes cleaning our kitchen a breeze. And, indeed, the wide range of fibers allows for an endless number of applications.

We use natural and synthetic fibers. Natural fibers have been used since time immemorial.. Recently, new bamboo fibers 1 have been introduced to the market and are beginning to be widely used.. These fibers exhibit antimicrobial properties and can be used to create many textile applications as well as "green" composites. . Cotton, silk, wool or linen (perhaps the oldest fiber in the world) are used in all areas of our daily lives.

Interestingly, known fibers are polymers. Most of them are simply linear macromolecules. Credit must be given to Dr. Staudinger, the Nobel laureate, who was the first to point out thatpolymers are linear covalently bonded molecules and are not aggregates as previously thought. He laid the foundations for the chemistry of synthetic organic polymers and fibers.. Shortly after this discovery, the pioneering work of Dr. Carothers of the company dupont and Dr. Slag from the company BASF introduced us to nylon 6,6 and nylon 6 polymer fibers, respectively. Later, in 1946, Winfield and Dixon developed a technology for the production of polyethylene terephthalate ( PET ), and polyester staple fibers entered the market. Nylon and PET are the main polymer fibers. Many other polymers have been developed over the years, and many new macromolecules are being synthesized every day.. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the development of new polymers and polymer fibers. Significant advances have been made in the production of high performance fibers, elastic fibers and nanofibers produced from biopolymers using electrospinning technology, as well as high performance polyester fibers. As a result, this issuePolymer Reviews our task is to inform the reader about the current state of affairs and review these new developments.

High Performance Fibers

Recently, great efforts have been focused on the production of ultra-high modulus polymers. The covalent bonds present in these polymers are responsible for their strength.. However, synthetic polymers generally do not exhibit a corresponding high modulus potential. High modulus and strength can result from structural excellence such as straight, finely aligned, stable and tightly packed chains. . Usually there is a combination of extended chains and high crystal orientation.

It is well known that the highest values ​​of modulus of elasticity reported for linear polymers are usually much less than the calculated theoretical values.. Nakamae and colleagues 3 measured the "theoretical" elastic modulus, which was determined based on the observation of voltage-dependent X-ray diffraction in the direction of the polymer chain. This theoretical value of the modulus of elasticity was compared with the final modulus of the polymer. Most polymers exhibit tensile moduli well below those of their crystal lattices in the chain direction.. Only for ultra stretched high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMW PE ), isotactic polypropylene and Kevlar modules close to theoretical values. The polyamide fibers were only able to achieve a maximum of only 1/20 of their theoretical value.

In the case of polymers with a flexible backbone, a strong and rigid polymer structure can be obtained by converting highly oriented and extended chain conformations.. As a result, significantly higher tensile properties were obtained, similar to those of ultra stretched high molecular weight polyethylene.. The high modulus of polyethylene was obtained by solution spinning(spinning gel) with an extra high degree of drawing. Zakariadis and his team successfully carried out the stretching of polyethylene with an ultra-high molecular weight of more than200 times and obtained an almost theoretical value of the modulus at this degree of drawing. Crystalline morphology of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene obtained from solution ( UHMWPE ), was deformed into fine-fiber structures at values ​​of the degree of drawing, exceeding200. Such a high degree of stretching is due to a smaller number of chain weaves. and inter- and inter-plate binder molecules in such a more ordered crystal morphology with complex chains and re-entry. High-performance polyethylene fibers are currently being produced on an industrial scale using the gel-spinning method by the company DSM High Performance Fibers from the Netherlands, joint venture Toyobo / DSM in Japan, as well as Honeywell (formerly Allied Signal or Allied Fibers ) from USA. Strength Spectra 1000 reaches the value of Young's modulus124 GPa and tensile strength 3.51 GPa. According to Afshari and Li, much work has been done to improve the thermal stability of these fibers.

Du Pont de Nemours Company is currently developing commercial fibers and yarns from M 5. A very interesting monomer, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, is used to produce poly-2,6-diimidozopyridinylene-1,4-(2,5-dihydroxy)phenylene ( PIPD ). The unique feature of these polymers is that the two hydroxyl groups (on terephthalic acid) can form intermolecular bonds and therefore fibrillation, which is often a problem for aramid fibers, is practically eliminated here. As a result, the fibers M 5 has the highest compressive strength of any synthetic fiber. Research evaluation of the UV stability of M5 has shown superior performance in this area. The mechanical properties of this new fiber make it competitive with carbon fiber in many applications involving light, thin, load-bearing, rigid, advanced composite components and structures.. Enormous efforts have been made to develop ultra-strong Kevlar, and, more recently, fibers PBO . Not so long ago the company DuPont de Nemours announced plans to expand the production of Kevlar polymers at its Spruance facility by 25% by 2010 in order to be able to meet growing demand. Due to its high tensile strength, high energy dissipation, low density and weight reduction, and convenience, Kevlar is used in the production of bulletproof vests, helmets, property protection equipment., panels, vehicle protection products and strategic protective shielding to protect human life.

PBO fibers were put into industrial production by the company Toyobo Co. . in 1998 under the trade name Zylon after nearly 20 years of research in the United States and Japan. PBO fibers have outstanding properties in terms of tensile modulus (352 GPa) and tensile strength (5.6 GPa) compared to other high performance fibers on the market. Their specific strength and specific modulus are 9 and 9.4 times higher than those of steel. 6.7 Unfortunately for PBO , high performance is accompanied by significant problems. The poor resistance of PBOs to ultraviolet rays and visible radiation is well known. RVO also lacks axial compressive strength. The tensile strength of PBO fiber also decreases in high temperature and humid environments.. Considerable effort has been made to chemically modify the PBO fiber to improve axial compressive strength..

Both Kevlar fiber and PBO fiber are reviewed by Afshari and colleagues in this article. Other high performance products such as Vectran or PVA fibers (Kurray ) will not be considered here. We hope to collect data for another work on specialty synthetic fibers in the near future..

Elastic fibers

The review of elastic fibers in this article is presented by the work of Professor Hu and colleagues from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University..

A number of companies produce a variety of elastic fibers that have elasticity and resilience.. They can be obtained by spinning polymers with a special molecular structure or modified polymers. In terms of elastic elongation, elastic fibers can be classified as highly elastic fibers. (elongation 400-800%), medium elastic fibers (150-390%), low elastic fibers(20-150%), and microelastic fibers with an elastic elongation of less than 20%.

Traditional elastic fibers such as spandex or lycra are well-known segmented polyurethane fibers that are industrially produced using dry spinning technology. Nonetheless , many new elastic products have been developed, including the highly hygroscopic and moisture releasing spandex(company AsahiKasei ) or very soft spandex. And these are just a few examples.

Another interesting product that can be thermoset with PET fibers is easily curable spandex. Polyester spandex has poor thermal stability, so it cannot be woven with polyester fiber. At Asahi Kasei developed a low temperature curable spandex called Roica BX , and not only has good curing, but also can be intertwined with polyester fiber and cured at high temperature.

Another innovation is the latent crimp fiber. In company Du Pont de Nemours (Wilmington, Delaware) began to study the first yarn with hidden crimp (from polypropylene) in the early sixties. Recently, new commercially launched products with a hidden crimp of the company have gained popularity in the market. Du Pont, T-400 polyester and T-800 nylon. Unitica (Hyogo, Japan) also commercialized yarns with hidden crimp, Z-10 and S -ten. In addition, a bicomponent nylon/polyurethane fiber called Sideria developed by the company Kanebo (Japan), allows you to adapt to the desired degree of heat treatment to the most hidden crimp.

XLAT M is a polyolefin-based stretch fiber that is naturally resistant to harsh chemicals, high heat and UV rays and provides performance benefits comparable to those of existing elastic fibers. This very new and interesting technology was developed by Dow Chemical , and featured here by Casey, our regular contributor.

Turning on the fiber XLA in fabric opens up incomparable opportunities for developing easy-to-handle and wear-resistant garments with improved shape retention. In the US we see fiber Lastol , is the new generic name for this polyolefin-based elastic fiber. 10" 13 In special microstructure XLA combine long and elastic chains with crystalline and covalent bonds or cross-links to form a complex network. Through the use of proprietary technology Dow by crosslinking with an electron beam, the chain length is controlled, and the number of crystallites to give the fiber XLA unique elastic profile. High stretch is achieved at low levels of force, allowing garments to easily stretch and bend while retaining their original shape..

Shape memory fibers are another technology of the future. As Prof. Hu points out, "The challenge for the future is to investigate bilateral multi-functional, multi-stimulus bionic shape-memory polymers that can be activated with heat, humidity, chemicals, magnetism and electricity or with an optical stimulus, and which will have functions resistance to ultraviolet radiation, as well as antibacterial, antistatic and anti-mould; and the creation of a systemic, generalized and integrated theory of shape memory polymers along with the use of such shape memory polymers in the production of textiles ". The day is not far off when all these ideas will be put into practice in our laboratories and in our industrial enterprises.

Fibrous materials made by electrospinning

Traditional fiber spinning technologies such as wet spinning, dry spinning, melt spinning and gel spinning can produce polymer fibers with diameters down to the micrometer range.. By reducing the fiber diameter from micrometers to nanometers, a very large surface area to volume ratio can be obtained. These unique properties make polymer nanofibers ideal candidates for many important applications.. Polymer fibers can be generated from an electrostatically stimulated jet of polymer solution or polymer melt(Fig. 1). This technology, known as electrospinning technology, attracted a lot of attention in the previous decade due to the fact that it allowed the repeatable production of polymer fibers with a diameter ranging from50 to 500 nm. 15 "19 Due to the small mesh size and high surface area inherent in electrospun textiles, these fabrics show promise for the production of protective clothing for soldiers (they will maximize the survival, renewability and combat effectiveness of individual soldier clothing systems to combat extreme weather conditions, and in the conditions of ballistic, nuclear, biological and chemical warfare).

Synthetics is any product obtained by chemical synthesis, most often synthetic fabric.

Synthetic fibers are fibers produced from polymers that do not occur in nature, but are synthesized from monomers. The raw materials for their production are products of oil, coal and gas processing. They are classified as chemical (along with artificial ones).

It should not be confused with artificial fibers, which are also chemical, but are made from natural raw materials using chemical reagents.

Story

What fabrics are made of is known to everyone - from different types of fibers. Until the middle of the last century, we used exclusively natural fabrics: cotton, linen, silk, etc. In the 1940s and 1950s, we learned how to produce artificial fibers (viscose, acetate).

  • The production of fibers from molten synthetic polymers began to develop in industrialized countries in the 1940s-1970s. During this period, such fibers only partially replaced natural ones, they were used as an additive.

The first such fiber was nylon. It was invented by DuPont employee Wallace Carothers in 1935. The new material was distinguished by its special strength and low production costs, quickly gained popularity.

  • Since the 70s of the last century, the production of synthetics has greatly increased, and synthetic fiber canvas has become widely used as an independent material.

Types and properties

General characteristics and advantages of synthetic fibers and fabrics of any kind:

  • strength;
  • resistance to bacteria and microorganisms;
  • wear resistance;
  • crease resistance.

The disadvantages are that the fibers do not absorb water well and are highly electrified.

The type and name depends on which product was used as the source (the prefix poly- is added to its name). Fabrics made from such fibers have different trade names (often each country has its own). All of them are divided into two large groups:

  • heterochain. Macromolecules contain atoms of carbon and other elements. These include polyamide, polyurethane and polyester fibers;
  • carbon chain. Macromolecules contain only carbon atoms. All other synthetic fibers.

Polyamide

Strong in tension, resistant to abrasion and repeated bending, not exposed to many chemicals, low temperatures, mold, bacteria. They have low thermal and light resistance. Common trade names: nylon, capron, anid.

Polyurethane

Widely known spandex, lycra, neolan. The main advantage is a high degree of elasticity without loss of strength characteristics. Abrasion resistant. Elastic, resilient and resistant to chemicals, the fiber has a significant drawback - low heat resistance.

Polyvinyl alcohol

They are durable and resistant to abrasion and exposure to microorganisms, light, acids and alkalis. Trade names: vinol, curalon, mtilan. A distinctive feature of vinol is its high hygroscopicity.

Polyester (polyester)

Lavsan. Advantages: elasticity, heat resistance, low thermal conductivity and low shrinkage. Disadvantages: it is destroyed by the action of acids and alkalis, hard, does not absorb water well and is highly electrified.

Polyacrylonitrile

They have less abrasion resistance than polyamide and polyester. Resistant to microorganisms (and moths), have dimensional stability, products made of them practically do not crumple. In appearance, they are very similar to natural wool. The best known are Nitron and Acrylan.

Polyolefin

The raw materials for their manufacture are polyethylene and polypropylene. Very light, strong and resistant to wear, chemicals and micro-organisms. Possess low hygroscopicity, are unstable to influence of temperatures. Even at 50-60 degrees, products made from them shrink significantly. Production costs are minimal.

Application

In its pure form, some types of synthetic fibers are not used, they are mainly added to other fibers (natural cotton, linen, wool) to obtain fabrics with improved characteristics.

  • So, adding even a small percentage of elastane or lycra will make the fabric more elastic. From such fabrics and knitted fabrics, women's and men's casual, sports and outerwear, stockings and other products are made.
  • Polyacrylonitrile fiber is used to make artificial fur, knitted fabric, carpets and floor coverings, blankets.
  • Polyester yarn is used to make fabrics and knitwear for the production of clothing, home textiles and technical materials. Staple fiber is added to cotton, linen, wool and durable materials are obtained from which all groups of clothing, carpets, and artificial fur are produced. Polyester felt is superior in quality to natural wool felt.

Product Care

  • Wash products made of synthetic fibers at a temperature of 30-40 degrees. Polyester - up to 60 degrees. For white things, universal powders are used, for colored ones - special ones for thin and colored fabrics. You can choose any washing mode depending on the degree of soiling and the type of fabric. You can wring out in the washing machine, reduce the number of revolutions to a minimum.
  • It is impossible to dry such products in the machine, since the resulting folds will then be very difficult to smooth out. Drying outdoors or in a well-ventilated area is preferred. It is forbidden to dry synthetics on batteries.
  • Synthetics are ironed on the "silk" mode. Nylon is ironed at the lowest temperature without dampening.

Publications on synthetic fabrics

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