Many people associate the arrival of spring with warmth, lengthening daylight hours and the desire to relax in the bosom of nature, breathing fresh air. However, if you own a garden or summer cottage, you associate spring with the start of land work. Successful spring work in the country is the key to a rich harvest and a beautiful garden. Therefore, during the period when the earth is getting rid of the annoying ice shackles, you should not waste your time, because right now you need to start preparing the site for the next harvest season. And the "Dream House" will tell you what works are the most important in the spring.
Spring work in the country
Spring starts with cleaning
Even the most well-groomed garden at the beginning of spring looks depressing: the covering material that protects the soil squinted under the weight of snow and moisture, last year's foliage turned into a pile of garbage and began to rot, and fallen branches and fallen branches accumulated under the trees. Not only does the garbage collected during the winter look extremely unaesthetic, it also negatively affects the condition of the soil. Therefore, the very first work in the country in the spring should begin with a general cleaning.
As soon as the first snow melts and the temperature stabilizes a little, collect the covering material, clean it and hide it until the next frost. Please note that if spring has not yet fully come into its own and the tree branches are covered with a snow or ice crust, it should be removed, otherwise the branches may break due to excess weight.
Work in the country in the spring
Spring cleaning of the garden
Spring work at the dacha
Spring cleaning of the garden, garden and cottages consists in the complete cleaning of the territory from debris, last year's leaves and grass. The easiest way to do this is with a rake and garden brush. However, you should not burn last year's foliage, because this can harm your health and the health of others. Experienced gardeners use winter debris to create compost by pouring leftover foliage into a special container or pit.
With the advent of spring, the first weeds wake up. If seedlings of horticultural enemies have already appeared through the soil, remove them right now, otherwise the grass will grow significantly in a week. In addition, in warm and humid places, such as under stones, containers, etc., moss often forms, which also has a detrimental effect on plants. It is convenient to remove the growth with a brush or a strong jet of water.
The most important work in the spring in the country
Spring cleaning in the country
Spring at their summer cottage: preparing the soil
One of the most important stages of spring work on a personal plot is tillage. As soon as the snow has completely melted and the earth stops sticking to the shovel, the soil must be dug up to remove weed roots and pest larvae from the soil.
Also, it is in the spring that the soil should be fertilized to ensure a good harvest. As a top dressing, it is recommended to use universal fertilizers, which contain nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.
Since there are sharp fluctuations in temperature in the spring, the soil around, trees and perennials should be mulched. This will protect the root systems of plants from the cold and hide them from the scorching sun. To create mulch, it is better to use fresh humus or compost.
Also, pay attention to the strength of the soil. In too heavy soil, water will stagnate at the roots of plants. To improve the quality of the land, in this case it is recommended to add coarse gravel or fine sand to it. If the soil is too loose, add clay or clay soil to it along with fertilizers, otherwise nutrients and moisture will seep deep into the soil.
Having prepared the soil, pay attention to spring work on the lawn. With the first thaw, remove the remnants of snow and ice from, providing air access to. Due to seemingly harmless remnants of ice crusts, after a while, ugly bald spots form on the lawn.
Spring work in the garden
Taking care of trees and shrubs in spring
If the air temperature stays at 3-4 degrees above zero for several days in a row, it's time to start pruning fruit trees and shrubs. Pruning should begin with the largest branches, gradually going down, so that as a result the crown of the tree takes on a cup-shaped shape. However, any pruning work should be carried out before the start of the growing season.
If you plan to plant young seedlings, you need to do this immediately after the snow melts. But keep in mind that planting must be done before the buds form on the seedlings.
In addition, when caring for trees and shrubs, pay attention to fastened dry leaves. Often these leaves are nests of dangerous pests. To protect plant health, collect dry leaves and burn them.
Work in the country in early spring
We prepare seedlings
As a rule, before planting, seedlings are grown indoors or in greenhouses, but if the weather is calm outside, in March, young plants can be taken out for several hours to acclimatize. It is possible to leave seedlings overnight in the garden only if frosts are not expected, however, insulate containers with young plants until the temperature is completely stabilized. If you grow seedlings in spring, increase ventilation to harden plants. Depending on the variety of plants, hardening is carried out for 7-10 days before planting in the ground.
Spring work in the garden
With the onset of winter, gardeners and gardeners take a short break and rest from work in the country. But with the onset of spring, they again have to work in the garden and garden. Let's find out in more detail what activities need to be carried out on the plots so that gardeners and gardeners are satisfied with the harvest.
Basic gardening in spring
With the onset of spring, the first work begins not in the garden, but in the garden. This is related to that most activities are carried out before sap flow and the appearance of the first kidney.
What needs to be done:
Coniferous tree care in spring
So that the bright spring sun does not damage the crowns of coniferous trees, they must be covered with an old bedspread or burlap. The roots of coniferous trees must be shed warm water th. This procedure will help to melt the snow faster and protect the trees from dehydration.
If during the winter the branches broke or dried up, then they must be removed. Also, do not forget about mulching. You can make it with pine bark or crushed cones. This process helps retain moisture. last longer and prevent weeds.
Spring care for currants, raspberries and gooseberries
Spring work in the garden
To get a good harvest from the beds, it is necessary to prepare the garden for planting in the spring. What should be done?
Spring lawn care
If you have a lawn then you need to take care of him, starting in early spring. As soon as the snow on the lawn begins to melt, you need to scatter mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe lawn.
When the soil dries out a little, it is necessary to remove all leaves and debris from the lawn. After that, it is necessary to loosen the lawn with a special rake-scarifier. This procedure will enable young shoots to grow.
In order for the soil to be saturated with oxygen, pierce it around the entire perimeter of the lawn with a fork.
If during all the above works the surface of the lawn is damaged, these areas must be leveled in height, cover with sand and sow with a new lawn.
In May, the lawn needs to be mowed, but it is not worth trampling on it much so that your marks do not remain.
strawberry care
Everyone loves strawberries, both adults and children. But not everyone knows that getting a good harvest depends on proper care for strawberries in the spring. How to care for this berry in the spring?
From the area where strawberries grow, it is necessary to remove all snow-retaining materials. Remove debris and old blackened leaves. Cut off old mustaches and inflorescences. It is better to burn all collected garbage in order to protect your berry from last year's diseases and pests.
After that, apply a nitrogen-containing fertilizer under each bush. To get a good harvest, strawberries need to be fed before flowering and after flowering. Cooking yeast, chicken manure, mullein, sodium sulfate, potassium, nitrophosphate, weed tincture are suitable for this. But you also need to feed it correctly, otherwise excessive feeding can lead to the death of strawberries.
New leaves that swell should be dug in with earth. The soil around the strawberry bushes must be loosened.
Before the appearance of leaves, each bush must be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. And when it's warm, bushes must be sprayed with a solution from calcium chloride and wood ash.
If some strawberry bushes are frozen, then new bushes can be planted in their place.
If you do not want your berry to be attacked by slugs, you should mulch with wood ash or pine needles.
Spring work in the country: planting new flowers
In early March, you can already plant the following flowers: hyacinths, crocuses, snowdrops, asters petunias. But if you want these flowers to please you with their flowering earlier, need to plant seeds at home first in special boxes, and with the onset of heat, plant seedlings in the ground.
Before planting the seeds, they must be soaked for several minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate. After this procedure, the seeds must be dried, and can be planted.
Land for planting must also be prepared. Better if it consists of humus, sand and soil.
If you decide to plant bulbous plants, then before planting they must be kept for thirty minutes in a potassium permanganate solution. This is necessary so that they are not exposed to various viruses and fungi.
When planting bulbous plants in the ground, it is necessary to ensure that the bulb is strictly directed downwards. Landing should be carried out when the air temperature at night is above ten degrees. Otherwise, your flowers will die.
The soil must be well water-permeable. Sandy soil needs to be fertilized with compost, and if the soil does not pass water well, then a little crushed stone and sand should be poured into the bottom of each hole.
If you do it right, then your flower bed will be the most beautiful in the country.
Now you know what spring work in the garden and garden is, what needs to be done to get a good harvest. Stick to these rules and you'll be fine. Happy harvest!
It always starts with tillage. To do this, use various garden tools: hoes, rakes, "cats" and cultivators. After digging, loosen the soil properly. The depth of loosening should not be too large: a maximum of 2-3 cm. The roots of plants grow and develop better in loose soil, as it is well supplied with oxygen. In the process of loosening, also cut and destroy weeds. It is better to get rid of them at the seedling stage than to deal with tall grass later. If you carried out a very deep digging of the soil, then the seeds of many weeds remained in the lower layers of the earth. And from there they usually do not germinate.
Fertilization
In the spring, add only humus to the soil, and leave the compost and manure for the fall. Traditional application rate of organic fertilizers: 1 bucket per square meter. Methods for applying fertilizers are different. Lay them in the grooves when digging the earth, or sprinkle them evenly over the surface, and then dig up the soil. Instead of organic fertilizers, mineral fertilizers can be applied. So, in the spring, add nitrogen to the soil during loosening. This is especially true of the area where the beds and the flower garden will be located. One cubic meter requires 30-40 grams of nitrogen fertilizers.
Trimming trees and shrubs
In spring, trees and shrubs, as well as climbing plants and roses, are pruned. Remove diseased, withered branches and those that are poorly located. Try to carry out shaping pruning before the beginning of May or a little later. In any case, you need to hurry so that you do not have to cut the tree with already blossoming leaves. Release coniferous plants from shelters only in early May, when the soil thaws. During loosening, fertilize with SOTKA Coniferous (50–60 g/m2) or other complex fertilizer.
After digging, mulch tree trunks and other perennials, mainly shrubs. Use sawdust or fresh compost as mulch.
Lawn care
After the snow melts, make sure that there are no puddles on the lawn. Be sure to aerate the soil with special cutting aerators or ordinary garden forks. So, you will improve the access of oxygen to the roots, the absorption of water and nutrients by the soil. Carry out drainage work in waterlogged areas. Be sure to remove last year's foliage from the lawn by combing the lawn with a rake.
Pest control
When the trees are about to bud, treat them for pests. Use one of such chemicals as copper sulfate, Bordeaux liquid, Abiga-Peak emulsion, colloidal sulfur, Neoron. Dilute copper sulfate in the ratio: 100 grams per 10 liters of water. You can use biopreparations. They do not contain chemicals. Combinations are popular. They are used against several types of pests at once. Perform the treatment in the morning or evening when the sun's rays are not too active.
Where to begin?
We start with a bypass. You should check the winter shelters of heat-loving crops, make sure that they are not damaged due to frost. If the snow has already completely melted and the temperature outside is above zero, you need to ventilate the plants under winter shelters. So you protect heat-loving shrubs and perennials from decay. After the final warming, plants covered for the winter can be fully opened. Also, at the beginning of April, it is necessary to free the branches of shrubs and perennials from the hooks bending them down and, if necessary, trim them, raise the bent raspberry shoots, cut out the extra and weak ones, and cut the frozen tops.
Pruning of fruit trees and berry bushes is carried out before the start of sap flow, which is expected in the second half of April. The next stage is the processing of shrubs and trees. Carefully inspect the blackcurrant bushes. On the branches at this time, thick, swollen buds, inhabited by a kidney mite, are clearly visible. They must be removed and burned. If there are many such buds on a branch, then it is better to remove such a branch entirely. Before bud break on fruit trees, as well as currant, gooseberry, raspberry bushes, it is possible to treat with a solution of nitrofen (300 g per 10 liters of water), while spraying the soil under the trees and bushes. Processing is carried out at an average daily air temperature of at least 5 °C.
In April, it's time to clean up the garbage on the site. Photo: ShutterStock/Fotodom.ru
In April, it's time to remove loosen the soil. Photo: ShutterStock/Fotodom.ru
Traditional spraying can be replaced by watering the bushes with boiling water from a watering can. In early spring, the sun's rays can warm up the dark bark of fruit trees on the sunny side up to 5–10 °C. At the same time, the temperature of the tree bark on the shady side will be equal to the air temperature, and in March it is still minus. A sharp temperature contrast can cause a burn of the bark - damage in the form of cracking with further death of the bark. To protect fruit-bearing trees from premature awakening, and the bark from sunburn, you need to whitewash tree trunks with lime. The trees will not get very hot under the spring sun and will not wake up ahead of time. Whitewashing the trunks of fruit trees with lime mortar will reduce overheating of the bark, in addition, it will protect the trees from pests.
As soon as the last snow melts and the top layer of the earth dries out, you need to put the area in order: rake the remaining leaves, tops into a compost heap or form a cucumber ridge out of them, loosen the soil to eliminate the crust formed after the snow melts. Garden plants constantly need additional top dressing. As soon as the snow melts or almost melts, nitrogen or complex fertilizers should be scattered over the frozen-thawed soil. Melt water will dissolve it and lead to the roots of plants. If the weather is favorable in April, they start planting fruit and berry crops. At the end of April, the soil is prepared and cold-resistant crops (radishes, radishes for early consumption, carrots, parsley, celery, parsnips, turnips), greens (lettuce, spinach, dill, cilantro) are sown in open ground. The end of April is the right time for dividing and planting perennial flowers. If organic, phosphorus and potash fertilizers were applied to the soil in the fall, then in the spring it is possible to feed the plants only with nitrogen.
HOW TO WHITE TREES?
Lime mortar for whitewashing trees is a fairly thick mass: 2-3 kg of lime per 10 liters of water. In some cases, to enhance the effect of sticking to the bark, no more than 50 g of wood glue is added to the lime mortar, and in order to give the solution disinfectant properties to combat pests and diseases of trees, 300 g of copper sulfate. Trees are whitewashed with a brush, roller or sprayer. To what height should fruit trees be bleached? Some gardeners advise whitening to the maximum height that you can reach. Others believe that tree trunks should be whitewashed no more than 1 m from the ground. And yet, the height and intensity of whitewashing should be chosen based on the degree of heating of the tree bark. The formation of the crown of a tree is a rather long process. After planting, pruning is done annually in the spring for 8–12 years.
Competent work in the spring in the garden and vegetable garden are very important agrotechnical measures that allow you to perform the right planting and get the highest possible yield.
Spring work in the garden and garden: when and where to start
Be sure to check and prepare for the upcoming season.A number of activities are also required, including cleaning, pruning, removal of shelters, prevention, preparation for grafting and planting. As a rule, in the southern regions, such work can begin as early as March. In the middle zone of our country and the northern regions, the deadlines are shifted by a couple of weeks.
gardening in spring
It is necessary to start carrying out the first spring work in the garden with the onset of the first warm days and after the majority of the snow cover has melted.
Garden cleaning after winter
Cleaning consists in removing all plant debris, as well as revision of the soil and garden plantings in the country. It is early spring - the period of the appearance of the first weeds. Roots that are not yet strong enough are easily removed from moist spring soil. The first warm spring days provoke active growth of shoots not only on the soil, but also on the surface of garden paths, which should be thoroughly washed with a strong jet of water from an ordinary garden hose.
Should be remembered that any spring activities related to water should be carried out only at positive temperatures, which will prevent the formation of ice. All planting containers, as well as flowerpots, planters and flower pots intended for growing plants in the coming season, also need revision, high-quality cleaning, and, if necessary, restoration of integrity.
Work in the garden in early spring (video)
Pruning fruit trees and shrubs
In the spring, in most cases, sanitary cleaning is carried out, as well as removal of all old and redundant shoots and branches:
- annual raspberry shoots need to be crowned by cutting off the top five buds, which allows you to stimulate the formation of new root shoots. All frozen weakened shoots are subject to removal;
- currant bushes thin out in spring. On chokeberry, branches older than seven years are removed. On bushes of red and white-fruited currants, branches older than ten years should be cut. You also need to cut out excess root shoots and weakened shoots. All frozen tops are cut;
- starting from the age of three, it is required to thin out gooseberry bushes, as well as remove old branches and excess shoots, which improves the illumination of fruits and increases productivity;
- it is necessary to do spring pruning of bushy varieties of cherries very carefully, removing thickening and old branches, taking into account fruiting on last year's peripheral branches. It is best to shorten in the summer, after fruiting;
- the annual spring formation of fruit plantations allows maintaining the habitus and improves insolation of the aerial part. Any molding must be done with the determination of the direction of growth processes of skeletal branches;
- plums are best grown in stems, as bushy forms thicken faster and become less fruitful. Formation begins almost immediately after planting seedlings in a permanent place, which will create a productive crown by four to five years.
It is possible to form a crown of fruit trees in a tiered-sparse, horizontal or saucer-shaped, as well as a vertical or palmette version.
Rules and terms for removing winter shelters
or special designs must be inspected, thoroughly cleaned and rinsed.After the winter shelters dry out, they can be stored until the autumn cold. From the garden area, always old and cut branches in the process of spring formation, fallen leaves and withered grass, as well as any other debris of plant and non-plant origin.
March in the country: protecting plants from sunburn in early spring
In the first decade of March, the illumination increases, therefore, during the daytime, the stem part and branches of garden plantations are able to warm up significantly, therefore, during night frosts, the heated wood dies off. Darkening, peeling and cracking are observed on areas with sunburn.
Whitewashing the trunk and branching of skeletal branches can effectively reduce the heating of the bark. It is best to whitewash garden plantings in the fall or in the last decade of February, choosing a dry and sunny day for this purpose. Before proceeding with processing, it is necessary to revise the plants and, if necessary, take preventive or therapeutic measures. Whitewashing can be done with acrylic water-dispersion paint "VD-AK 0508" or "Dekoprof" means. It is also allowed to tie the stem part with white parchment.
How to process trees in spring (video)
How and how to treat trees in the spring from pests
The processing time varies depending on the type of plants and the composition of the solutions used for spraying:
- prevention of fungal diseases, damage by mosses and lichens before bud break, copper sulphate, diluted at the rate of 100-150 g per bucket of water;
- spraying the vine and the soil around before bud break from bacterial cancer, spotted necrosis and anthracnose with iron sulphate at the rate of 200 g per bucket of water;
- mandatory processing of garden plantings before flowering from California scale insects, suckers, mites, weevils and flower beetles "Iskra-M", "Fufanon", "Iskra-double effect", "Karbofos", "Aliot" or "Biotlin";
- treatment of currants with "Commander", "Bison", "Tanrek", "Iskra Zolotoy" or "Inta-Vir" on blossoming buds and first leaves;
- processing gooseberries with "Topaz" or "Soon" before flowering.
It is also necessary to spray peach, apricot and cherry in order to protect against maniliosis, curliness and clasterosporiasis with "Horus", "Cuprolux", "Abiga-Peak" or "Ordan" after flowering.
Grafting and planting trees
As a rule, by the first decade of May, the planting of fruit and berry trees and shrubs is already over, and the time has come for grafting. It is best to perform such an event when the buds swell and slightly begin to open on the selected rootstocks. Spring grafting can be done in several ways:
- Copulation;
- butt;
- split;
- saddle;
- In a side cut.
Regardless of the method used, a prerequisite for obtaining a good result is the use of high-quality tools and a special grafting tape.
Things to do in the garden in spring
In the spring, it is time for the main preparatory activities in the garden and in greenhouses. During this period, you need to pay attention to winter crops, perennial crops, as well as prepare open ground ridges and in greenhouses for planting and sowing.
Main activities
The garden is cleared of debris and plant residues. It is also required to remove all the shelters that covered winter crops and the least cold-resistant garden crops for the winter period.
As soon as the greenhouse soil warms up, it is necessary to dig it into one bayonet of a shovel. At the same time, the main fertilizers are required:
- about 5–6 kg of high-quality humus is applied to cucumber ridges for each square meter, with the addition of 50 g of any complex fertilizer and a couple of glasses of wood ash;
- on ridges prepared for growing tomatoes, peppers and eggplant, the dose of humus will need to be halved;
- when preparing “warm ridges”, the top 15 cm of soil should be removed, after which the biomass should be laid and sprinkled with a layer of fertile soil.
In the same period, film garden structures should be prepared. The time of stretching the film cover on the greenhouses must be calculated in such a way that in the last ten days of April it would be possible to sow the most cold-resistant and early ripening garden crops.
Important check the condition of the aerial part of the garden berries and replace the old mulch layer. It is best to use organics as mulch, presented:
- sawdust;
- compost;
- tree bark and chips;
- straw;
- rotted leaves.
A good result is the use of a mulching covering fabric. In March or April, garden soil is fertilized with complex universal fertilizers "Nitroammofoska" or "Azofoska".
When to start planting in the country
Sowing and planting cold-resistant garden crops should be done while the soil is still in a soft and plastic state. During such a period, the soil is already warm enough and contains the optimal amount of moisture for the growth and development of crops.
It is recommended to dig the earth immediately before sowing or planting, which will not allow moisture to evaporate. If necessary, all dug-up ridges, in order to preserve moisture, must be covered with plastic wrap before sowing, which is fixed with stones.
How to prune berry bushes in spring (video)
The harvest will depend on how correctly and in a timely manner the entire volume of spring work in gardens and orchards will be carried out. That is why the spring period is the most responsible time for everyone who is engaged in private gardening and vegetable growing.
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