Even beginner gardeners have every chance of achieving results no worse than experienced gardeners. To do this, it is necessary to adhere to the timing of sowing seeds for seedlings, having previously correctly selected planting material and prepared containers and soil.
Each garden crop has its own characteristics, so you need to know when to plant the seeds of peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers or eggplants. Dahlias, petunias and geraniums, beloved by all, also have their own sowing dates, on which the timeliness and duration of their decorative period depend.
The phases of the moon and their influence on the timing of sowing seeds
Contrary to many opinions, you should start planting seeds for seedlings immediately after the New Year holidays. Since the planting season starts already in January, it is very important not to miss anything.
There are several criteria by which you can determine the exact timing of sowing seeds for seedlings. Such information will be especially useful when growing new flower crops or varieties of vegetables.
The favorable and negative influence of the moon on various cultures
The moon influences the development of all plants on the planet. Many processes occurring at the cellular level depend on this or that state. The most favorable phase for planting seedlings is the growing moon. During this period, plants begin to actively develop, metabolism and sap movement increase. In the growing phase of the moon, it's time to plant seeds for seedlings in order to get friendly shoots and healthy shoots.
It is not recommended to sow anything on the full moon and in the waning phase of the moon. During these periods, it is better to take care of already growing plants, hill them up and feed them. The most unfavorable period for all living things is the new moon, the day before it and the day after. In these three days, it is better not to touch the plants at all, so as not to deprive them of vitality and energy. Planting anything is also not recommended.
Thus, the most unfavorable phases of the moon for the beginning of the sowing season are the new moon and the full moon.
Planting seeds for seedlings according to the lunar calendar
- January - 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 27, 28, 29;
- February - 4, 10, 11, 12 and 24, 25, 26, 27;
- March - 5, 11, 12, 13 and 20, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28;
- April - 10, 11, 12, 19 and 20, 21, 25, 26.
When to start planting seedlings
Each variety and type of plant has its own planting and planting dates, which depend on the length of the growing season, and should be indicated on the seed package. If you are harvesting on your own, or a neighbor of last year's harvest shared with you the planting material, you will have to calculate the time for planting seedlings on your own.
The development from planting seeds to the first leaves in some crops takes 1.5-2 months, while in others it takes 5 or more. Plants with a long period of "black earth" begin to be planted in seedling boxes in January, and fast-growing plants - in March or even April.
- the growing season of the plant;
- landing time.
By adding the first value to the second value, you will get the approximate sowing time for seedlings. Further, after consulting the lunar calendar, you can start landing.
When to sow vegetable seeds for seedlings
In order to plant plants with a long germination period in time, it is necessary to start preparing seedlings in January. The start of work depends on the crops and their varieties.
What vegetables to plant in January
In January, it is necessary to choose late-ripening varieties of vegetables with the longest growing season. In the second half of the month, there comes a period when you can start planting pepper seeds for seedlings.
- Lumina;
- Ivanhoe;
- Triton;
- Bell;
- Lisa.
Suitable varieties:
- tomatoes - Cosmonaut, Date yellow, Cherry.
- little blue ones - King of the North F1, Nutcracker F1, handsome black.
What seeds to sow in February for seedlings
- tomatoes: De Barao, RIO GRAND, Supergiant F1;
- eggplant: Quarte, Nancy, Lilac mist;
- cucumbers: Secret, Brownie F1, Phoenix.
What seeds to sow in March for seedlings
In the first decade of March, namely on the 3rd or 7-8th day, you can start with early ripening tomatoes, the development period of seedlings of which, before planting in the soil, is 40-45 days.
The following varieties are suitable for this: Tangerine, Alpha F1, Superstar, Golden Brush, Cupid F1, Aphrodite. This seedling is only suitable for planting in a greenhouse. For open ground - landing after the twentieth numbers.
In the second half of March, a favorable phase of the moon sets in, when seeds of cauliflower and white cabbage for seedlings, sweet peppers, turnip onions and radishes should be planted. March 17, 22 and 30 are ideal for melons and legumes.
Many are accustomed to buying planting material already in the form of finished seedlings. For example, onions - small bulbs (onion sets), which are immediately planted in open soil. It is much more economical to germinate them yourself. Packing seeds will cost you much less than ready-made seedlings.
What vegetables to sow in April
In the first days of April (4.5 and 6), you can start growing early ripening cucumbers, which can be planted in a greenhouse in a month. These include the following varieties: April F1, Herman F1, Bush, Zozulya, Sphinx, Benefis F1, Orlik F1.
In early April, you can already store seedlings in boxes in the greenhouse itself. This will gradually prepare the young sprouts for new conditions. But you should carefully monitor the temperature at night, as the likelihood of frost is still high.
Flowers and berries: when to plant seeds for seedlings
Choose flower varieties that have an early and long flowering period. You should not buy many types, 4-6 crops will be enough, and in the summer your flower beds will be fragrant with aromas and delight with bright colors.
Sowing seeds for seedlings in January
In the first decade of January, namely the 7th, the period of sowing flowers begins. The longest growing season for such species: Begonia, Lobenia, Turkish carnation, Heliotrope. The germination period of these crops is from 2 to 4 weeks, and the first flowers will appear after 5.5-6 months.
January 21 and 25 are the best days according to the lunar calendar, when planting petunia seeds for seedlings is especially good. These flowers will decorate your garden throughout the summer.
Strawberries and strawberries are planted from berry crops in January. Early planting will allow you to grow strong seedlings, and spring bushes are usually weak and take longer to develop.
The second half of January is the most suitable period when strawberry seeds are sown. To get a good harvest of berries, you need to choose the best varieties of remontant strawberries: Desna, Bereginya, Gigantella, Maxi, Carpathian beauty. Also in January, strawberry seeds should be planted.
The most favorable days: from 3-4, 10-11, January, as well as 30 and 31. The following varieties of remontant strawberries are very popular: Queen Elizabeth 2, Temptation, Albion, Moscow delicacy. If seedlings will be planted in a heated greenhouse, then sowing can be done at any time of the year, but be sure to take into account the lunar calendar for planting seeds for seedlings.
Planting dates for seedlings in February
Lavender, Viola and Salvia have a growing season of up to 5 months, so sowing should be done in mid-February. Then, in June-July, you can enjoy the beautiful view of your favorite flowers. To the question: when to sow the seeds of Geranium (Pelargonium), there is no exact answer. Depends on when you want to plant it in the ground. Auspicious days of the month: 3, 4 or 7 and 8 February.
When to sow seeds for seedlings in March
This month, an active summer season is already beginning in central Russia and the southern regions. Annual flowers with an insignificant growing season are sown in March or April, but it is not recommended to plant them in the soil before the 20th of May.
March 7-8 is the best time to plant Dahlia seeds. Around these days, seedlings of the following types of flowers begin to grow: Echinacea, Alyssum, Iberis, Coleus, Bluebells, Herbal Carnation, Violet, Phlox and Matthiola. Each of them has its own characteristics of sowing and timing.
Planting at the beginning of the month or at the end, for seedlings, matters. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully study the information on the packaging and observe the exact deadlines. Permissible deviations in the date of sowing can be no more than 10 days, then the sprout will not lag behind in development, and the period of its decorative effect will be maximum.
Planting seeds for seedlings video
Gardener's secrets about preparing and planting seeds
- Preparing containers and soil for seeds for seedlings
- How to choose and when to sow seedlings
- When and what flowers to plant for seedlings according to the lunar calendar
- How to grow seedlings of strawberries from seeds in peat tablets
Outcome
Knowing the growing season of a particular crop or variety, you can independently calculate the estimated time for sowing seeds for seedlings, and the lunar calendar will tell you what dates to plant and which days to avoid.
Whatever the experience of the summer resident, he is always interested in new secrets in vegetable and gardening. And there are countless nuances in the dacha business: starting from the right choice of seeds for planting, growing seedlings and selecting high-quality seedlings, and ending with the processing and careful storage of a decent harvest. Since winter, the summer resident has been thinking about the assortment of seeds, the choice of soil and containers for seedlings. Of course, the markets have a large selection of vegetable crops to immediately purchase seedlings. But not for this, the lover of working with the earth took up the arrangement of the dacha in order to buy ready-made seedlings.
What vegetables to grow seedlings?
Crops with large seeds that produce large sprouts can be sown immediately in open ground. Small seeds and sprouts lie in wait for many dangers, so it is more rational to use seedlings. It is less susceptible to diseases, garden pests, resistant to weeds and changes in weather conditions.
Crops with a long growing season (tomatoes, celery, parsnips, basil, and others) can be grown exclusively through seedlings, choosing the right varieties. Vegetables can germinate at different rates. It is not necessary to germinate tomato seeds, as they germinate well. Pepper seeds are recommended to be germinated before planting.
How to prepare seeds for sowing
Before planting, you need to select high-quality seeds. To do this, they are poured into a container of water, where the good ones will remain at the bottom, and the empty ones will float. Water must be drained along with grains unsuitable for sowing. After selection, it is necessary to disinfect the seeds in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, where they are lowered for 20 minutes. After that, the seeds are placed in water to swell for 8-10 hours.How to properly prepare seeds for sowing
When to sow seedlings
Approximate planting dates are indicated on the seed packets, but they need to be adjusted for regional weather. If seedlings grow in a greenhouse with lighting and heating, seedlings can be sown in January or February, that is, earlier than the time recommended by the manufacturer. 
How to label seedlings
Immediately after sowing the seeds, the name of the crop, variety and date of sowing should be signed. It is convenient to apply this data with a durable felt-tip pen to plastic labels that you can buy at a gardening store or make yourself. Marking is used in order not to confuse the landings later. Additionally, this will allow you to track how the seeds of different manufacturers develop. 
How to grow seedlings
Seedlings can be grown using potted and potless methods. Consider the features of the most common options.1. Potted way.
Containers, plastic cups. Containers when growing seedlings at home have advantages: they are convenient to carry, they are compact, since you can choose a box to fit the size of the windowsill. Cons of the method: the roots of the plants are intertwined, and when the seedlings are removed, they are partially injured. To avoid weaving the roots, it is rational to use plastic cups in which 1-2 plants are planted.
Peat pots. Due to the 100% survival rate, many gardeners prefer this particular method. The walls of the pot made of environmentally friendly material perfectly pass air, excess moisture and are durable.
Plants are planted with a pot, while the roots are not damaged, and the peat decomposes, nourishing the plants and enriching the earth. Cons: Plants in peat pots require special care. The soil must not be allowed to dry out, otherwise the earth will lag behind the walls and harden. If it is waterlogged, then mold will form on the walls of the pots.
2. Potless way
Seedlings in diapers - A lump of earth with a plant is wrapped in a piece of polyethylene. The main advantages of the method are saving space and soil mixture, which is usually filled in cups. Diseases transmitted only through the soil are excluded. It is possible to trace the growth dynamics of your seedlings and immediately get rid of slowly growing ones. It is convenient to pick plants. Minus - plants develop more slowly than in cups. Heat-loving plants will still have to be seated in pots.
Transforming diaper for seedlings
Growing seedlings in snails. With this method, the seeds are placed on a polyethylene tape, on top of which toilet paper is first placed, and then soil. The method significantly saves space for seedlings. It makes it possible to check seeds at the initial stages of germination and root formation. Constant moisture contributes to the rapid awakening of seeds of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and other vegetable crops, as well as flowers and herbs.
There is no need for a pick, with the condition of an accurate calculation of the planting date. A significant plus is the saving of the soil substrate and the low cost of the material. Cons: seedlings are too close to each other. Therefore, it is necessary to sow the "snail" of seeds more in order to later remove the weakest, belated seedlings.
We plant pepper in the "snail"
Seedlings on peat tablets. The material allows the roots to develop well, additionally nourishing them. Small tablets are ideal for flowers, and large ones are ideal for tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers. Disadvantages: tablets do not accept overdrying and waterlogging. In addition, they are quite expensive, with a large number of seedlings it is irrational to use them.
How to care for seedlings
- Watering should be moderate and regular to prevent stagnation of water and drying out of the soil. The substrate must be kept wet, so it is better to use a spray bottle. The grown plants are watered with water at room temperature using a watering can with a shower head. Adult seedlings are watered into a pan, which stimulates the development of a powerful root system.First care for tomato seedlings
Lighting is an important condition for obtaining strong seedlings. Ideally germinated seeds should receive about 15 hours of bright light per day. Therefore, additional illumination is usually used. In order for the seedlings to develop evenly, it is necessary to turn the containers over regularly.
Hardening allows you to prepare the plant for open ground conditions. It begins with the removal of seedlings to a glazed balcony. Then, already in the summer cottage, plants are placed on the street only during the day, hiding at night in a shelter. Before planting, it is necessary to reduce watering in 12 days, and completely stop it in a week. Before planting, seedlings are abundantly watered by adding 30 g of potassium chloride per 10 liters of water.
How to dive seedlings
When the sprouts reach a height of 3-5 cm and the second pair of leaves appears, a pick is necessary. It involves transplanting strong plants into individual pots. Thanks to the picking, the sown plants will not weaken due to lack of space, lighting, nutrition, and will be able to develop a strong root system and aerial part.How to dive tomatoes
Large young plants are removed from the soil, loosening it with a fork, shortening the root and transplanting into a prepared separate pot. The editors of the site recommend placing the plants a little deeper than in the general box, burying the stem under the first leaves. Then the soil in the pot is compacted by pressing the roots of the seedlings down.
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For many gardeners, the question of planting tomato seedlings is very important in order to get an excellent harvest. It is very important to take into account the climatic features of the area, as well as the variety of tomatoes.
Another important factor when sowing seedlings is the choice of the right time, it is from this that the timely ripening of the fruit follows. In addition, you need to choose a suitable place for planting crops - a greenhouse or open ground.
People often ask, what is the time for planting tomatoes for seedlings? Landing in the greenhouse is carried out approximately two months after emergence. The height of the seedlings during this period should be thirty-five centimeters.
For the Moscow region, planting tomato seeds for seedlings begins in early March and within a month. For seedlings under a film coating - in mid-March.
For Siberia and the Urals, the time for planting seeds falls on the period from March to April.
But for accurate calculations, it is better to use the above advice, depending on:
- from a tomato variety;
- places of further cultivation;
- opportunities for lighting seedlings during early planting;
- planting on time in a greenhouse or under a film;
- weather conditions expected this spring;
- moon calendar. There is a belief that landing takes place according to the lunar calendar.
Folk signs say: If the snowdrop blooms, then you can plant tomatoes for seedlings. Seedlings in a permanent place can be planted when the mountain ash, lilac bloom.
Do you think that folk signs help to grow a good crop of tomatoes?
Yes, this is the experience of the previous generationNo, it's all superstition
Soil preparation for seedlings
It is better to prepare the soil in autumn, as the ground shrinks in winter. Work can be done outside if it's warm weather or in a barn:
- Before you start mixing, the earth and sand must be sifted. This procedure is necessary to remove various types of debris, pest larvae and the like.
- Then lay out the polyethylene, pour out and mix everything that is required to prepare the soil. Add fertilizer as needed, mix everything and place in containers or bags.
- Storage of the finished soil mixture takes place in the barn. Two weeks before the preparation of tomato seeds for planting, the earth enters a warm room. This will allow you to reach the optimum temperature, i.e. warm up.
Soil disinfection. An accompanying procedure in preparing the soil for planting tomatoes for seedlings is disinfection. Experienced gardeners are advised not to neglect this procedure. Disinfection allows you to get rid of the larvae and eggs of pests, pathogens. Land can be cultivated in several ways:
- To freeze. The earth is left for the winter on the street, covering the container from precipitation. Before the soil is used to prepare the soil mixture, it should be brought into the room for a month, heated, mixed with the necessary components and taken out again.
- Treatment with potassium permanganate- the prepared soil is watered with a solution of manganese 3 g per 10 liters of water, antifungal drugs such as phytosporin are added.
- Steaming. For this procedure, you need two tanks - a smaller one and a larger one. The earth is placed in a smaller container, placed in a large container on a stand. A large container is filled with water and placed on fire. The container with the earth is not covered, the second is covered accordingly. After boiling water for a couple, steam for an hour. You can warm up in the oven for 30 minutes at a temperature of +40 C.
Each gardener can choose the best option for himself, based on his own considerations. For some, the ways of steaming and calcining are considered unacceptable, since along with the destruction of harmful microorganisms, useful ones are also destroyed. In this case, you can recommend adding to moist soil:
- antifungal biofungicides (phytosporin);
- bioindicicides (fitoverm).
After disinfecting the soil, you can begin to sow the seeds.
How to plant in the ground?
It is necessary to plant a plant in the afternoon or, even better, in cloudy weather:
- In this case, the seedlings will not dry out and will “feel” better. If, however, you decide to plant your tomatoes before noon, then it's best not to water them that evening.
- Further, holes are made in the dug-up earth after 30 cm. In them you need to add compost and a little ash or superphosphate. Add water.
- Remove the seedlings from the cups (if you bought them on the market) or pull them out of your own container (if you grew them yourself) and lower them into the hole. Plant seedlings must be planted carefully so as not to damage them.
Gardeners usually plant the plants at a depth corresponding to the height of the glass in which the seedlings were purchased, or so that the first leaf is above the soil. So it is easier for you to plant, and the plant to take root.
Seedling care
Proper care of tomatoes after planting is the key to a good harvest. Therefore, it is very important to know all the subtleties of this action. All care can be divided into four types of work:
- watering;
- loosening;
- feeding;
- collection.
Before the seedlings are fully acclimated, you need to monitor the condition of the soil surface. Thus, the soil must be loosened. Otherwise, the cracks that appear will affect the formed roots. As a result, they will be broken. Then there are two scenarios for the development of events: either the seedlings slow down development, or even die.
Watering the tomato should also be correct. This should be done accordingly:
- when transplanting seedlings into the soil in one hole 1.5-2 liters;
- flowering time - 20-35 liters per 1 m²;
- ovary formation time - from 40 to 50 liters per 1 m²;
- with repeated fruit formation - from 70 to 80 liters per 1 m².
At the beginning of the harvest, watering the grown bushes of the plant should gradually decrease. It has a positive effect on tomatoes protects:
- from late blight;
- fruit cracks and other diseases.
Loosening is an important step in caring for tomatoes:
- Therefore, after planting, loosen the soil every 3-4 days. It is necessary to spud planted seedlings immediately after taking root and after ten days. Loosen the soil under the tomatoes every time after watering by 10-12 cm, and not deeper. Otherwise, damage to the roots of the plant is possible.
- Only after a month you can add 2-4 cm and loosen to a distance of 16 cm. Before closing the tops, the soil is slotted so that air and moisture penetrate it better. The process is not complicated: cracks are made in the soil at a distance of one and a half meters from each other and a depth of 60 cm.
- It is correct that the first top dressing is carried out 14 days after planting the seedlings in the soil. On one square meter, 8 to 10 kg of saltpeter, 5-6 kg of urea or 10 to 12 kg of nitrophos, 20 to 35 g of superphosphate and potassium salt will be required.
potassium salt
Second top dressing
The second feeding - 20-25 days after the first. The same fertilizers are also used in the same proportions. Also get a "recipe" for tomatoes in case they start to wilt. This is due to the negative impact on plants of weather conditions. Have to take:
- Mullein with water (1:10) or bird droppings (1:14).
- Both mullein and litter are soaked for a day.
- Then half a liter of one solution is mixed with 10 liters of water and the plants are watered.
- A week later, you need to repeat.
Remove the lower leaves of planted tomatoes after 1.5-2 months. The bottom three sheets are subject to liquidation. After that, the seedlings need to be watered after 24 hours. This procedure is carried out once a week. If this is not done, air stagnation occurs and various diseases develop.
You can also watch a video where an experienced gardener will tell you how to properly plant early tomato seedlings in open ground.
Thus, planting tomato seedlings in the open field is not such a difficult matter. The main thing is to know the course of the process and all its subtleties. Thanks to this article, you were able to learn the basic nuances of how to properly plant tomatoes in the open field. Planting tomato seedlings just got a whole lot easier!
For lovers of home gardens, the pre-summer time begins. The future harvest of your favorite vegetable crops is being laid, which in cold regions can only be grown through seedlings. How to set the optimal time for sowing seeds in order to receive and plant healthy seedlings in open ground or in a greenhouse in a timely manner? Experienced gardeners, by trial and error, with many years of experience, quite accurately set for themselves the dates for sowing seeds of different crops for seedlings. Beginners in growing seedlings can take advantage of our recommendations.
Seedling of vegetable crops. © Steve AlbertPlease note that the dates for sowing seeds for seedlings given in the material are approximate. For more accurate calculations, use the methods described in the material:.
Vegetable crops, as a rule, owe their origin to continents and countries where a warm frost-free period lasts almost all year round and cultures have time to complete their entire development cycle in open ground. In Russia, such regions include only the south of the country, where the warm season with a sufficient amount of active positive temperatures lasts about 180 days a year (Table 1).
The composition of the main territory of Russia includes regions where the sum of positive temperatures, the length of the warm period, the timing of the onset of the warm season and the first frosts differ significantly from those required for vegetable crops. Namely, the period of time of the year depends on these indicators, when it will be possible to sow vegetable seeds for seedlings, and then - in open or protected ground.
Table 1. Onset and duration of the frost-free period
by regions of Russia
| Name of region/zone | Number of frost-free days per year | Start of frost-free period, date | Beginning of autumn frosts, date | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southern regions | About 180 | April 10th | October 10 | All vegetable seedlings are planted in open ground. |
| Central Black Earth Region | About 130 | May 10 | September 20 | Vegetable seedlings are planted in open ground. The early ones are under temporary shelter. |
| Middle zone | About 90 | June 10th | 10 September | Vegetable crops are planted in open ground with a growing season of no more than 80–85 days. An earlier landing is carried out in greenhouses or temporary shelters are used. |
| Ural and Siberian regions | About 65 | June 15 | August 20 | Some cold-resistant vegetable crops are planted in open ground, at first they use temporary shelters. |
| Far East | About 120 | May 20 | September 20 | The duration of the frost-free period ranges from 90-170 days. Spring frosts end on May 10-30, and autumn frosts begin on September 15-30. |
In the northern regions and in the middle zone of Russia, the number of frost-free days ranges from 65 to 90 days, which limits the receipt of vegetable products through cultivation in open ground, especially those crops whose vegetation period exceeds 90 or more days (Table 2). In cold regions, it is possible to obtain vegetable products of crops with a long growing season only through seedlings, which will grow and develop in artificially created greenhouse conditions for 1/3, and sometimes 1/2 of their growing season.
Table 2. The growing season of some vegetable crops
The long warm period of the southern regions does not exclude the use of protected soil for growing vegetable products through seedlings in greenhouses. But in this case, the main goal is to obtain products for commercial purposes all year round for sale or the earliest production - for the market and the family.
Table 3. Approximate dates for sowing seeds of vegetable crops for the southern regions of Russia and the CIS
| Name of culture | Sowing seeds for seedlings, date | Emergence of seedlings, days | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| early tomatoes | February 25 - March 5 | 4-6 | 45-50 | April 25 - May 10 |
| medium tomatoes | 1 – 10 March | 4-8 | 55-60 | May 10 – 15 |
| eggplant | 5 – 10 February | 8-10 | 70-85 | 1 – 20 May |
| Bulgarian pepper | 5 – 10 February | 8-10 | 70-85 | 1 – 20 May |
| cucumbers | April 10 – 15 | 2-4 | 25-30 | 10 – 12 May |
| early white cabbage | 10 – 15 February | 4-6 | 45-55 | March 25 - April 5 |
| medium white cabbage | 20 – 25 March | 4-6 | 35-40 | April 30 - May 5 |
| Zucchini, zucchini, squash | 1 – 10 May | 4-5 | 20-25 | May 25 - June 6 |
The breeding of new varieties of vegetable crops is always "tied" by breeders to the climatic conditions of the region or district. This makes it possible to develop a variety that is educated and accustomed to the weather deviations of the area. The approximate or estimated date of sowing is always indicated on the bag with seeds and in special zoned catalogs of varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops.
For early ripening crops, the approximate dates for sowing seeds for seedlings (broccoli, lettuce, cucumbers and other crops) have a large run-up, which involves several sowings at a certain time interval in order to increase the period for obtaining fresh garden products (Table 4).
Table 4. Approximate terms of sowing seeds of vegetable crops for the Central Black Earth region of Russia
| Name of culture | Sowing seeds for seedlings, date | Emergence of seedlings, days | Age of seedlings (from germination to planting), days | Landing in open ground, date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| early tomatoes | February 25 - March 5 | 4-6 | 45-50 | From April 20 - 25 under shelter |
| 10 – 25 March | May 25 – June 10 | |||
| medium tomatoes | 1 – 10 March | 4-8 | 55-60 | 20 – 25 May |
| 1 – 10 April | 1 – 10 June | |||
| eggplant | February 10 - March 15 | 8-10 | 60-70 | 05 – 25 May (Weather shelter required) |
| Bulgarian pepper | February 10 - March 15 | 8-10 | 70-80 | 05 – 25 May |
| March 20 - April 05 | 60-65 | May 25 – June 10 | ||
| Cucumbers (for greenhouse) | 05 – 30 April | 2-4 | 27-30 | May 01 - 25 (Provided that the soil warms up to + 12 ° С). |
| Cucumbers (for open ground) | 01 – 15 May | 2-4 | 27-30 | From June 05 (Provided that the soil warms up to + 12 ° C; temporary shelter may be required). |
| early white cabbage | 01 – 15 March | 2-4 | 45-50 | April 15 – May 10 |
| late white cabbage | March 25 - April 15 | 4-6 | 35-40 | May 10 – 25 |
| Zucchini, zucchini, squash | April 25 - May 15 | 4-6 | 25-27 | May 20 - June 10 (When the soil warms up more than + 12 ° С). |
| Pumpkin ordinary | 05 – 25 May | 4-5 | 25-30 | May 25 - June 15 (Provided that the soil warms up at least + 11 ° С). |
| Broccoli | 01 March – 25 May | 4-5 | 35-40 | April 25 - June 30 (Sowing at several dates. Temporary shelter will be required for the first landings). |
| head salad | March 15 - July 20 | 4-5 | 35-40 | April 20 - August 20 (Sowing at several dates. Temporary shelter will be required for the first landings). |
The terms of sowing seeds of vegetable crops for seedlings in cold regions are given taking into account the emergence of seedlings. If in the south shoots appear on the 3rd–10th day, then the slow warming of the soil in the northern regions lengthens the time for emergence of seedlings to 20–35 days, which accordingly affects the readiness of seedlings for planting in the ground.
Adhering to the recommended timing of sowing seeds for seedlings, it is necessary to focus on changing weather conditions in the area. If the spring is early, sowing can be carried out 5-10 days earlier than the dates indicated in the guidelines. With a cold, prolonged spring, sowing is transferred to a later date. Accordingly, the date of disembarkation to a permanent place will also be postponed (Tables 5, 6).
Lettuce seedling. © Talitha Purdy Table 5. Estimated sowing dates for vegetable crops for central Russia
| Name of culture | Sowing seeds for seedlings, date | Emergence of seedlings, days | Age of seedlings (from germination to planting), days | Landing in open ground, date | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| early tomatoes | March 10 – April 15 | 5-7 | 45-50 | 1 – 10 June | |
| Tomatoes medium and late | 11 – 20 March | 5-7 | 65-70 | 5 – 15 June | |
| Bulgarian pepper | 11 – 20 March | 12-14 | 65-75 | 5 – 10 June | Until June 5 in the greenhouse |
| eggplant | 21 – 31 March | 10-12 | 60-65 | 5 – 15 June | Until June 5 in the greenhouse |
| head salad | 21 – 30 April | 3-5 | 35-45 | 11 – 20 June | |
| Celery | 12 – 20 February | 12-20 | 75-85 | 21 – 30 May | |
| Zucchini, patissons, | 11 – 20 April | 3-5 | 25-30 | 21 – 31 May | |
| May 10 – 15 | June 10th | ||||
| cucumbers | 25 – 30 April | 2-4 | 25-30 | 25 – 30 May | In a greenhouse without technical heating |
| 1 – 10 May | 1 – 10 June | ||||
| Cauliflower | 15 – 25 March | 4-6 | 45-50 | 21 – 30 May | |
| White cabbage, early | 15 – 25 March | 4-6 | 45-50 | 21 – 30 May | |
| white cabbage, medium | 25 – 30 April | 4-6 | 35-40 | Landing after early cabbage |
Table 6. Approximate terms of sowing seeds of vegetable crops for seedlings for the Urals and Siberian regions
| Name of culture | Sowing seeds for seedlings, date | Emergence of seedlings, days | Age of seedlings (from germination to planting), days | Landing in open ground, date | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| early tomatoes | 1 – 5 April | 7-9 | 45-50 | 5 – 10 June | Depending on the districts of the region, sowing of seeds can be carried out from February 20 to March 22. The date of landing in the ground will also change. |
| Tomatoes medium and late | 10 – 22 March | 5-7 | 65-75 | 5 – 15 June | |
| Bulgarian pepper | 10 – 20 March | 12-15 | 50-70 | 5 – 10 June | |
| eggplant | 5 – 10 April | 12-16 | 55-60 | 5 – 15 June | In greenhouse cultivation, the sowing date is February 10 - 18. |
| head salad | 25 – 30 April | 4-5 | 35-40 | 5 – 10 June | |
| Celery | 25 – 28 February | 12-15 | 75-85 | 25 – 30 May | |
| Zucchini, patissons, | 10 – 20 May | 4-5 | 25-30 | 5 – 10 June | |
| cucumbers | 25 – 30 April | 3-4 | 27-30 | 25 – 30 May | |
| Cauliflower, broccoli | 5 – 10 March | 5-6 | 45-50 | 25 – 30 May | |
| early white cabbage | 5 – 10 March | 5-6 | 45-50 | 25 – 30 May | |
| medium white cabbage | 25 – 30 April | 5-6 | 35-40 | 1 – 10 June |
It is possible to clarify the finished tabular material on the timing of sowing seeds for seedlings according to the data of regional centers, because the regional average sowing period can vary in sowing dates up to 1 month due to the vast territories of the region with different climatic conditions. If we take into account the climatic features of each locality in the region, then the timing of sowing seeds and planting seedlings used by practitioners may significantly differ from the tabular material.
In cold regions, when growing seedlings, you can use another general estimated sowing time for seedlings. To grow a vegetable crop in a greenhouse, seedlings should be ready for planting on May 10–20, and in open ground not earlier than the onset of a frost-free period, or June 10–15.
Table 7. Approximate terms of sowing seeds of vegetable crops for seedlings for the regions of the Far East
The Far Eastern Federal District includes 9 subjects of the federation, of which only in some it is possible to grow vegetables in protected or open ground under temporary shelters. The duration of the frost-free period in the region ranges from 90-170 days. The best areas for growing vegetables are Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk and Amur regions. The table shows the timing of sowing seeds of the main vegetable crops and the approximate timing of planting seedlings in protected ground or open ground under temporary shelters.
| Name of culture | Sowing seeds for seedlings, date | Emergence of seedlings, days | Age of seedlings (from germination to planting), days | Landing in open ground, date | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| early tomatoes | 1 – 25 March | 7-9 | 55-60 | 1 – 25 May | under cover |
| Tomatoes medium and late | 20 – 30 March | 5-7 | 65-75 | June 10 – 25 | |
| Sweet pepper | 1 – 15 March | 10-12 | 60-80 | May 25 – June 10 | Landing in open ground after warming up the soil to +15°C and the air not below +20°C. In some varieties, the germination period can be 14-20 days. The date of landing in the ground will also change. |
| eggplant | February 25 - March 10 | 12-16 | 60-70 | From May 20 | In greenhouse cultivation, the sowing date, taking into account late shoots, can be postponed by 10-12 days. The date of planting seedlings will also change. |
| Celery | 25 – 28 February | 10-15 | 75-85 | 25 – 30 May | Planted in open ground at an air temperature of +8 .. + 10 ° С. Taking into account late shoots, the date of planting in the ground can be postponed by 10-12 days. |
| Zucchini, Zucchini, Pumpkin | May 15 – June 10 | 4-6 | 25-30 | From June 15 | |
| Cucumber | 1 – 15 April | 5-6 | 25-30 | 25 – 30 May | In a greenhouse or under cover |
| Cauliflower, broccoli | March 10 - March 25 | 5-6 | 45-60 (color), 35-45 (broccoli) | 25 – 30 May | under cover |
| early white cabbage | 10 – 15 March | 5-6 | 45-50 | April 25 – May 30 | under cover |
| medium white cabbage | March 20 - April 20 | 5-6 | 35-45 | April 25 - May 25 | under cover |
Today, breeders offer a huge selection of varieties, the dates of sowing of which for seedlings vary significantly. Errors in determining the time of sowing seeds can lead to planting too young or overgrown seedlings in a permanent place. Most clearly, the sowing time for seedlings is calculated taking into account corrections for local temperature characteristics. You can use the calculation methods for clarifying the timing of sowing seeds and planting seedlings in the ground, given in the article.
Attention! Please write in the comments to this article when you sow your vegetables for seedlings. Do not forget to indicate the culture, region and landing conditions (open or protected ground). Thank you!
The snow should not melt yet, and the gardener will already know whether the seeds germinate and whether it is time to plant seedlings. For different plants, the requirements will be different, and the time of planting, and the characteristics of the soil, and primary care. But in general, the algorithm is the same, by correctly observing it, the stage of growing seedlings can be passed unmistakably.
When is it time to plant seedlings in the ground
Seeds cannot be planted in open ground immediately - these are the basics of vegetable growing. Seedlings are more adapted to negative external factors. If you plant seeds, then changes in the weather or the actions of pests can destroy the entire crop.
Plants transplanted from pots are more resistant. In general, it is possible to determine whether pre-planting seedlings are needed by seeds. The larger the seeds, the more likely the plant is to sprout after planting in open ground. Small seeds need to be planted in pots, and this will be right.
Understanding when a plant needs to be planted is not difficult. There is a certain algorithm for growing seedlings. Of course, you also need to read the recommendations on the package. Usually, manufacturers place a scale there, and they indicate in it exactly when to plant seedlings, and when the plant is ready to take root in the ground.
But gardeners do not always use purchased seeds, they are often purchased "from hand" or directly collected by summer residents themselves. In this case, the disembarkation time is calculated independently.
Planting pepper seedlings (video)
How to calculate planting time
You need to be based on the date of landing in the ground. Don't do it too early. If, for example, the soil is protected, then the seedlings are planted in May, on the twentieth.
From the preliminary planting date, you need to subtract the number of days that the growing season of the plant takes. Plus, add another 10-12 days for the seed germination stage.
You can consider this on the example of early ripening tomatoes. Their growing season is 90 days. After five, a maximum of ten days, the first shoots of tomatoes appear. This means that a little more than three months are taken from the landing period in the ground. It turns out that in March, in principle, you can plant seedlings.
It is impossible to be strictly equal to this calculation, because the determining factor is the climatic conditions that are characteristic of your region.
The average time for planting plants in the ground:
- pepper - 70 days after germination;
- cabbage - after 50 days;
- cucumbers - after 40 days;
- tomatoes - after 60 days.
For seedlings of flowers, the timing will be slightly different. Before the beginning of June, it is not worth planting heat-loving flowers, but cold-loving ones can be safely planted already in May. For example, petunias. In February, you can plant seedlings of flowers, from which cascading forms with fairly large flowers are usually formed.
But marigolds at home are planted for seedlings already in April, and already in the ground - in June. These plants do not like frost, so early planting dates are not for them.
Seedlings planted in February
Seedlings are planted in February:
- early varieties of vegetables, plants for greenhouses;
- root celery;
- black onion;
- eggplant;
- salad;
- basil;
- peppers;
Dill and can also be planted at this time.
Planting seedlings of early cabbage (video)
Seedlings planted in March
In March, the planting of tomato seedlings begins. And although April is indicated on many instructions, it is still correct to carry out this process in March. Most summer residents plant tomatoes from March 5 to March 10. Such an early date is due to the fact that tomatoes are susceptible to late blight, and to prevent this from happening, early seedlings are required.
For the harvest of early cabbage, seedlings should be done in mid-March. Cold-resistant varieties will be the best choice.
What is needed for seedlings
The list of necessary tools and materials for seedlings includes:
- ready ground,
- seedling containers,
- seeds directly,
- expanded clay,
- watering can,
- sprayer,
- scapula.
How to choose good seeds? Carefully study the information on the package, if the month until which you can use these seeds falls on the last month of the current or the first of the next year, the seeds are suitable.
Soil for growing seedlings can be harvested independently or purchased ready-made.
To sow seeds, you need to prepare seedling boxes. Gardeners, in general, prefer containers with sides of 8 cm. These can be ordinary plastic containers, or peat pots that are loved by many summer residents. And some gardeners are faithful to tetra-packs - the cheapest containers, which, meanwhile, do their job in an excellent way.
You can also use it as a container for seedlings.:
- juice boxes,
- large ice cream boxes
- dessert boxes,
- plastic yogurt jars.
Drainage holes must be made in these containers so that there is no stagnant water in such mini-beds.
Planting seedlings of cucumbers (video)
The planting process
A layer of expanded clay is laid out at the bottom of the container. It is about a centimeter. Soil is poured on top, it needs to be lightly tamped, and leave room to pour earth to the seedling.
The lunar calendar can and should be used during the landing process. For example, crops with above-ground fruits should be planted on the growing moon, and with underground ones - on the waning one.
If there are a lot of seeds, then large seeds in a pot can be planted in 2-3 pieces: it will be possible to choose the strongest seedling from the seedlings. Small seeds do not need to be sprinkled with soil, but they are watered with a sprayer.
There are not so many difficulties in planting seedlings - rather, it is a painstaking process that requires care. Having got the hang of it, it will be easier to plant seedlings every year, and many things will turn out automatically. The main thing is to do everything on time, not to rush, and let the plant gain strength.
Planting tomato seedlings in a greenhouse (video)
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