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Creating inlet holes in reinforced concrete rings for pipes with a diameter of more than 250 mm, as a rule, leads to their damage. Therefore, for mines to which such pipes are planned to adjoin, the lower part of their main working chamber is constructed either from brick or from monolithic concrete.
One of the important characteristics of the working chamber of any well is tightness. Based on this, the inside of the finished hull is sealed with bitumen. Sealing can also be done by smearing the inside of the well with cement mortar. For filtration shafts, tightness is not particularly important. In addition, a special hole is often built at the bottom of the working chamber for greater drainage.
Pipes that are adjacent to the well must be laid flush with its inner surface.
If, when laying a sewer, it is impossible to lay an integer number of products between two shafts, then its bell-shaped end must be cut off from the outermost pipe. The joining of the pipes to be mounted with the walls of the shaft is carefully sealed with cement mortar, both outside and inside.
The mouths of the wells must be arranged above the mouth of the largest supply pipeline. In pipeline shafts that have a rotation angle of less than 165°, the neck should be located above the outer flange of the tray (angle bisector).
The independence of your own home in providing water and disposing of waste is a priority for every owner. But during the construction of these structures, it is important to know how many meters the minimum distance from the well to the well will be when constructing an artesian working and a septic tank, so as not to create an environmental problem on the site and one's own health.
When starting the construction of water supply and sewerage structures for your home, you need to familiarize yourself with the technical conditions and SNiP. The successful implementation of the project depends on the quality of the preparatory work, which includes:
1) Drawing up a plan of the site with the exact parameters of the buildings and indicating the distance between the objects, the fence of the site and the buildings.
2) Determination of a place for the construction of a drinking source:
- the distance from the drinking well to the sewerage system should not be less than the standard (20 m);
- when choosing a location for a water source, the quality of the aquifer is taken into account, which is studied by preliminary drilling of a well.
3) Determination of a place for a local treatment plant.
We focus on the standard 5-7 m from the house. This interval was adopted based on the possible negative consequences:
- with a greater distance of the structure from the building, when it is necessary to maintain a minimum distance to the well, it is possible that the blockage is difficult to eliminate. If the interval is increased, it will be necessary to mount an additional viewing chamber;
- location closer than 5 m and possible depressurization of the septic tank - there is a possibility of undermining the foundation of the building and the penetration of smell from sewage into the room;
- in addition to the norm of the gap from the buildings, the entrance to the facility of a sewage truck is taken into account for the periodic pumping of accumulated effluents.
4) Determining the installation locations of the water and sewer chambers in the SNT:
- when connected to a water conduit, the remoteness of the manhole from the sewer must be at least 5 m. And the observation water chamber can be 3–5 m from the house;
- the gap from the drain chamber to the external conduit should be 3–5 m, so that in the event of a depressurization of the septic tank or pressure sewer pipe, toxic effluents do not enter the inspection shaft of the water main.
5) In addition to household, it is arranged to collect rainwater in a separate chamber. The space between the clean shaft and the pipes must be maintained similarly to domestic sewers.
When starting to build a house and other buildings on the site, you need to start with a source of water supply, since the rules for restricting construction to a sanitary zone will make it difficult to choose a place for a septic tank.
The SNiP standard states thatthe distance betweendrinkingwellsin neighboring areas at the same depth - at least 50 meters. Such a norm is due to the fact that, in case of possible contamination of one of the workings through the aquifer, infection is prevented in another. If the aquifers in the mines are in different horizons, the distance can be reduced to 30 meters.
SNiP and rules for the location of sources in SNT
The norms of SNiP for the territories of non-profit associations define the gap between the water conduit and the centralized sewerage system, which is 3–5 m.
- Inspection cameras along the conduit route are installed at a distance of 50 m from each other, and the wells connecting the home network with the central one are placed 5 m from the house.
- The maximum distance between sewer wells for inspection and elimination of blockages, equipped with plastic manholes with a pipe diameter of 200–450 mm, is limited to 50 m. The gap between the chamber connecting the network with the internal sewerage of the house and the building is set at least 5 m.
Between neighbors
The interval should be at least 20 meters, and the distance between adjacent water shafts located at the same depth should be 50 m. These parameters must be observed regardless of the location of the fence that delimits the territories.
From a mine with water and sewerage to a fence
It is regulated by a conditional restriction of the distance from the fence, which must be at least 2 m.
From the fence, the water source is arranged no closer than 5 meters for ease of maintenance. But this is provided that the neighbors behind the fence do not have objects to which the norms of SNiP apply.
Standard from sewer to sewer chamber
The distance between the sewer shafts during the installation of the collector depends on the diameter of the pipes and the topography of the soil. On a straight section with a pipe diameter of 100 mm, the distance between the viewing chambers is no more than 15 m.
With a pipe diameter of 150 mm, the interval between the chambers can be 35 meters. These standards ensure stable operation of the collector, preventing clogging. An increase in the volume of wastewater will require pipes of a larger diameter, and inspection shafts can be installed from each other up to 50 m.
From the well to the cesspool and toilet
And here the first disagreement lies in wait, in one source it is said from 5 m, in the other from 15 m to the cesspool.
From the toilet enough 8 m.
To the gas pipeline
According to clause 4.9 of SP 42-101-2003 “The distance from the gas pipeline to the outer walls of wells and chambers of other underground engineering networks should be taken at least 0.3 m (in the light) subject to the requirements for laying gas pipelines in cramped conditions in areas , where the clear distance from the gas pipeline to wells and chambers of other underground engineering networks is less than the standard distance for this communication.
From drinking to sewer
The SNiP and specifications provide for a 50-meter protection zone for the water source, in which the filtering capacity of the earth is sufficient to keep the water layer clean. But the minimum and the water shaft is limited to 20 m.
The location of the septic tank in the lower part of the terrain also insures against contamination of the aquifer in case of emergency depressurization of the waste disposal site.
When building a drinking source and a septic tank on the site, there should be no compromise to reduce the gap between objects.
From the foundation of the house and buildings
This SNiP is not regulated, but it is recommended during the construction of a well to take into account the influence of the aquifer on a shallow foundation. Water from a source located close to the building can undermine the foundation of the house and break the strength of the structure.
It is customary to remove the shaft from the building by 5–10 m for the convenience of delivering water, a room for livestock and poultry - at least 20 m, a bathhouse - from 12 m.
Up the road
From highways and areas with heavy traffic, it is required to place the source no closer than 30 m.
Penalties for violating regulations
The owner of the site, depending on the damage caused to nature, which led to the contamination of groundwater, may be punished:
- fined 80 thousand rubles;
- involved in correctional labor - up to 2 years;
- in case of consequences affecting people's health - imprisonment for up to 3 months.
In case of violation of the operation of treatment facilities that led to contamination of the aquifer with subsequent harm to human health, the perpetrator will be punished:
- in the form of a fine in the amount of 200 thousand rubles;
- damage to health requiring long-term rehabilitation - the term of imprisonment will be 2 years.
In order not to harm nature, family and neighbors, to protect yourself from punishment, equipping the site, you must follow the rules for placing objects.
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When planning the construction of external sewerage, the requirements that are determined by SNiP should be observed. In particular, the correct distance from the building to the sewer well must be maintained. The necessary information can be searched for a very long time, given the volume of regulatory documentation and the difficulty of reading it for an ordinary person. To simplify the search and save time, below are only the data that you should rely on when choosing a location for placing sewer facilities in a private area.
The choice of the optimal location depends not only on the nature of the internal buildings, but also on the type of sewer facility. It is especially important to correctly locate the facilities intended for wastewater treatment, which can be conditionally divided into accumulative (with a sealed bottom) and filtration (without a bottom).
The position of sewer facilities on the site is regulated by SNiP
Cumulative
The minimum distance from the house to the storage type sewer well is 3 m. This is the necessary distance at which the construction of a treatment plant will not have a devastating effect on the foundation of the building. In this case, the maximum distance to the first well should not exceed 12 m. A more distant location can lead to frequent blockages and complicate the maintenance of the pipeline.
When choosing a place for the location of a treatment plant, one should also take into account its volume. If the capacity does not exceed 1 m³, then the object can be placed at the minimum possible distance from the house. With an increase in volume, it is desirable to proportionally increase the distance.
The location of storage septic tanks relative to a residential building
As for the roadway and the neighboring fence, in this case the same requirements are imposed as for a residential building - a distance of at least 3 m. But the location relative to outbuildings has not so strict criteria. The main thing here is to maintain a distance of 1 m.
Filtration
If the sewage treatment plant does not provide for a sealed bottom, that is, after preliminary filtration, the effluents are discharged into the ground, then the distance between the sewer well and the building must be increased to 10-12 m. This arrangement will not allow to provoke the destruction of the foundation from high soil moisture.
In the case of domestic wastewater treatment, in addition to protecting the foundations of buildings, sanitary standards should be followed. To prevent contamination of the drinking water source, the filtration well is located 50 m from it. The minimum possible distance to the nearest reservoir is 30 m.
The layout of the point of wastewater discharge into the ground
Distance between sewer wells
In addition to storage and filtration structures, there are other types of wells that are used for installation and maintenance of external sewage. Among them:
- viewing;
- rotary;
- differential.
Since such devices are not designed to accumulate wastewater, they do not pose a danger to the foundations of buildings and natural objects. In this case, these structures must be correctly positioned relative to each other.
Lookouts
Such designs are intended for the revision and maintenance of sewers. They are used in complex outdoor networks with a large length of the pipeline. According to SNiP, the distance between manholes depends on the size of the pipe. There are the following standards:
- Ø110 mm - 15 m;
- Ø150 mm - 35 m;
- Ø200-450 mm - 50 m;
- Ø500-600 mm - 75 m.
In domestic systems, pipes with a diameter of more than 150 mm are rarely used. Usually, a diameter of 100-110 mm is sufficient for arranging external sewage. Accordingly, in this case, it is necessary to mount an observation structure every 15 m. Although for straight sections it is allowed to increase the interval by several meters.
Swivel
Rotary devices perform the same function as viewing devices. The distance between them is not regulated, since they are located in strictly allotted places - on the bend of the pipeline, the angle of which exceeds 45 °. These points are most prone to blockages, therefore, in these places it is necessary to have access for cleaning activities.
The distance between the turning wells of domestic and storm sewers depends on the design of the network. However, if there is a long straight line segment between the turns, a viewing point is additionally set at this interval.
Large pipeline bends should be equipped with swivel structures
Variable
If it is necessary to install a sewer network on a slope, drop structures are used. Such wells are designed to normalize the flow rate of the liquid, since too much movement of drains can lead to blockages.
The distance between such structures depends on the specifics of the relief and is individual for each area. In this case, some technical nuances should be taken into account:
- the height of the drop should not be more than 3 m;
- to reduce the flow rate, damping baffles can be additionally installed;
- with a drop of less than 0.5 m and a pipeline diameter of 600 mm, it is allowed to replace the drop well with a viewing structure with a drain.
Slope sewer installation scheme
If the correct distances between sewerage wells and other objects are observed in accordance with SNiP, you will not have problems with either supervisory authorities or neighbors. At the same time, it is better to plan a complex system together with specialists in order to prevent technical errors and inconsistencies that can lead to unpleasant consequences.
The question of where to dig a well, in order to be sure that the water in it will be clean and in large quantities, worries those who are going to organize water supply to a summer cottage from this hydraulic structure. It would seem that the question concerns only the location, but it should be noted that there are special documents of state institutions that accurately determine the distance from the well to the house and other buildings and structures. One of them is SNiP 30-02-97, which deals with the planning and development of summer cottages.
Well construction near the house
Standards for the location of the well in the country
But in any document, even in the designated SNiP, one cannot find the exact standard distances when it comes to a well for drinking water. The thing is that the well itself, as such, does not carry loads on the building. Therefore, you can often find wells that are dug inside the house. True, it is necessary to make a reservation that this type of structure is possible if the house is not built on a shallow foundation.
Shallow foundation structures are usually built for small, lightweight buildings. When digging the soil inside the house or near the foundation, its movements may occur, which will affect the quality of not only the foundation structure, but also the main structure as a whole. Therefore, it is for such cases that there is a norm of the distance from the well to the building. It should not be less than 3 m.
Local water supply network
But it is also necessary to take into account the fact that the well can act as a source of water, which is the place of intake for the local water supply network. If you install a pump in the well shaft and connect it with a hose or pipe to the piping of the internal water supply, you can guarantee the constant presence of water in the house. And in this regard, the closer the well structure is to the house, the better.
- Firstly, in this way, the distance from the source to consumers is reduced, which makes it possible to shorten the water line and use a pump with less power. And that's a good money saver.
- Secondly, the small size of the suburban area does not make it possible to build on a grand scale or carry out decorative design of the territory. Therefore, compactness is the main requirement of development.
Distance from the well to sewer facilities
As for the rest of the buildings or objects, the well can be built at a distance:
- more than 30 m from buildings where cattle or poultry are kept;
- more than 4 m from the planted trees, this is in case the roots of the plantations get to the well and begin to destroy it;
- more than 1 m from shrubs;
- and at least 30 m to cesspools, septic tanks, sewage system sewage wells, toilets and other objects associated with sewage or pollution.
Attention! The optimal condition is if the well is dug higher than the sewer facilities are located. And here, not only own buildings are taken into account, but also neighboring ones.
The photo below shows the layout of the well relative to the main house and other buildings in the summer cottage. At the same time, the author of the drawing outlined the ideal location, which guarantees that the water inside this hydrotechnical facility will always be suitable for drinking.
The ideal location of the well in the suburban area
Features of the building
Choosing a place for a well, in principle, is not very difficult if you have a development plan for your summer cottage. This will be especially important for those who are just starting to equip the cottage. If the house is still only in terms of construction, then you can safely dig a well, which it was decided to organize inside the building. Moreover, during the construction of buildings, water will be required, so the construction of a water source will be very important precisely at the first stages of landscaping a suburban area.
If the foundation is already filled, then in this case it is also possible to dig a well shaft inside. Although there is no problem to do this with the house already erected. Simply, the more free and open space, the easier it is to dig the soil.
It should also be taken into account that the well inside the building is a loss in the usable area of the house. If the total area is large, then there will be no problems. But in small buildings, where every square meter counts, it is better to refuse such an undertaking. It is also possible in the basement, if such is provided for in the project of the house. The well shaft will have to be cleaned regularly, and sometimes repaired - this is the installation of a cleaning block, dirt and debris, so the space around the well should be easy to clean, and the finishing materials should be resistant to moisture.
As for the well near the foundation or anywhere else, this is the easiest. The matter can only be complicated by the presence of large trees, the roots of which have an extensive network of passage. Therefore, it is worth considering even such seemingly not the most stringent requirements and conditions.
Well inside the house
But, as practice shows, shallow wells will create the most trouble. This primarily suggests that the aquifer lies very close to the surface of the earth. When digging a mine, water from the horizon rises by 1.5-2 m, filling the water collector. That is, its location becomes even higher. And if it is wrong to carry out the construction of the mine and the formation of the shaft, then there is a high probability that, seeping through the walls of the lining of the walls of the mine, the water will begin to wash away the foundation itself. And this is already a big problem.
Therefore, it is very important to take care of sealing the trunk of the well structure. Especially if it is finished with wood, stone or brick. In this regard, reinforced concrete rings guarantee maximum tightness.
So, the distance from the well to the house and other buildings in the summer cottage is a very important value. From the foregoing, we can conclude that most often this indicator affects both the purity of the water in the well and the technical condition of the house, primarily the foundation.
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