Do-it-yourself wooden scaffolding. Wood scaffolding. DIY scaffolding. Step-by-step instruction

When erecting walls or exterior decoration of buildings, scaffolding is used. This design makes it possible to safely carry out work at height and keep the necessary tools and supplies of materials used at hand.

Types of scaffolding

Despite the fact that scaffolding is presented in many types, their designs contain identical parts that carry the same purpose:

vertical supports.
Ties connecting supports horizontally and vertically.
Crossbars.
Flooring.
Support slopes.
Handrails.
Stairs.

Material for manufacturing

In the manufacture of forests use:

lumber;
metal.

A wood structure is much cheaper than a metal one, but it can only be used with two or three assemblies. In the future, it is suitable only for "ejection".

Scaffolding made of metal pipes, although much more expensive than wooden ones, is not limited in use. They are easy to dismantle and carry as needed. In addition, pipe scaffolding can be increased in height, complementing the tiers.

Making wood scaffolding

To make scaffolding from wood and pallets with your own hands, it is necessary, first of all, to develop drawings and determine the dimensions.

There is no need to invent anything in this regard. Many years of practice has itself determined and established sizes that are convenient for work:

the maximum height of the structure is 6 meters;
the distance between the supports can vary from 2.0 to 2.5 meters;
the width of the working platform is 1 meter.

Scaffolding

DIY step-by-step scaffolding:

On a flat surface of the ground, two supports are laid out, preferably from a bar, but it is also possible from a fiftieth board, parallel to each other, of the same height.
The supports are fastened horizontally with crossbars, on which a work platform will subsequently be laid.
The resulting two fastened structures are installed vertically against each other and connected diagonally and horizontally by crossbars.
Boards are covered and fixed on the horizontal crossbars, which will subsequently serve as flooring.
To fix the scaffolding, side stops are installed.
A cranial bar is nailed to the supports, which will play the role of a railing.
At the last stage, a ladder for climbing is installed and fixed.

If you need to install two or more sections, then they are connected to each other with a wide board, which is stuffed onto adjacent supports. To prevent splitting from nails, you must first drill holes for them.

The specifics of the manufacture of scaffolding from pipes

When starting to manufacture collapsible scaffolding from pipes with your own hands, you need to know that in terms of their design data they are identical with wooden scaffolding. The difference among them is the adapters that are used to increase the height of the structure.

Detailing for the assembly of one metal section

To assemble one section, you will need:

Profiled pipe for supports 40x40 mm - 4 pcs. 1.5 m.
Profiled pipe for crossbars - 4 pcs. 1 m.
Thin-walled pipe with a diameter of 20 mm - 4 pcs. 2 meters for diagonal screed.
Profiled pipe 35x35 mm - 8 pcs. 10 cm each, which will play the role of adapters.
Profiled pipe 35x35 for railings - 1pc 2 - m.
Steel plate for thrust bearings 10x10 cm 3 mm thick - 4 pieces.
To connect the cross bars diagonally to the frame, you will need 10 bolts with nuts and washers.

Assembly of metal scaffolding of one level

To assemble the structure, you must follow the instructions: how to properly make scaffolding.

The assembly of scaffolding from pipes includes the following operations:

Scaffolding supports are fixed to the shield from OSB sheet with the help of clamps.
To the supports, by welding, the crossbars are welded horizontally.
Adapters measuring 5 cm are welded to the upper end of the racks.
Having lifted the racks with crossbars from the shield, they must be rotated 90 degrees, laid again on the shield and secured to the shield with clamps.
The edges and the middle of the pipe, intended for diagonal stretching, are flattened and a slot for the bolts is drilled.
Two diagonal crossbars are tightened in the center with a bolt, applied to the uprights and a place for drilling is determined.
The crossbars are fixed on the racks with bolts and tightened with nuts.
Holes are drilled on the supports and handrails and they are bolted together.
Thrust bearings are welded to the base of the pipes.
The finished structure is installed vertically.
Boards are laid on the side rails, which serve as the basis of the working platform.

A photo of how to make scaffolding can be seen below.

It is important to remember that the diagonal crossbars must be fixed on one side of the structure, and the horizontal ones on the opposite side. Then when assembling, they will not interfere with each other.

DIY scaffolding photo

Note!

Greetings to all my readers. I want to write how to make scaffolding with my own hands from a profile pipe. I present homemade scaffolding, a drawing, a simple diagram. I will fully describe the entire assembly process, list,. I will give some advice on this topic, I will tell you a little about painting, the dismantling sequence.

Scaffolding - temporary construction. They should be easy to disassemble and assemble, be durable, reliable. The quality of the connecting lock is very important, which are divided into several types.

Wedge

This name of the forest was due to the lock, which can use a metal wedge, a finger or a bolt. They are considered the most reliable and versatile. They can be used for the repair of high-rise buildings, as well as in aircraft and shipbuilding. Such forests reach a height of 80 m.

frame

These scaffolds consist of ready-made frame structures. A frame with a ladder is used as side parts, in the middle - a passage frame. Among various manufacturers, a standard clearance of 950 mm has been adopted. This allows the use of frames from different manufacturers in the same scaffolding design. Forests of the brand LRSP-60, for example, are collected in heights up to 60 m. Do-it-yourself ones are made according to standard sizes, so they can complement the factory ones.

The design of the lock for these types of building bridges consists of a tube fixed on the bearing vertical posts and a pin, which is available on the horizontals. Forests of this type are produced according to the standards with a permissible load of 0.5 tons per m². Collect them to a height of up to 80 m.

Clamp

Clamp scaffolding is used to repair complex forms of facades. The lock in the form of two can be fixed anywhere, on a different section of the pipe. This allows you to create spans of different sizes and set horizontals at different heights. In other types of forests, this is not always possible.

From the boards

They are most often collected directly on the site. They are the cheapest, but non-separable. Reuse of the material is undesirable. They come in several varieties:

Armenian. The easiest to make and use, they are easiest to do with your own hands. The wall of the building is used as one of the supports. The height is regulated by retaining lags.
Goats. Triangular or trapezoidal structures on which the decks rest. Their disadvantage is the difficulty of adjusting the height. But they are easy to rearrange with your own hands.
Full building bridges. They consist of support posts and crossbeams, on which lay the flooring from the boards. Diagonal crossbars are used to prevent skew of the racks. When climbing the scaffolding, an applied ladder or a specially constructed one can be used, it is also advisable to use scaffolding. To increase security from the outside, a fence made of plank crates is used.

Advantages and disadvantages of scaffolding from a professional pipe

Scaffolding from a professional pipe has high strength, but at the same time it is light, since the pipe is hollow inside. Compared to round pipes, profiled pipes have a larger bearing area. This prevents deformation of profile pipes under heavy loads.

Scaffolding from a profile pipe has such an advantage as ease of assembly at a relatively low cost. This allows you to save on the manufacture of building bridges. The professional pipe compactly keeps within at warehousing and transportation.

And if the main drawback of products from a profile pipe is, then in our case it is rather a virtue.

Is it advisable to make forests with your own hands

Even renting construction walkways will be expensive, especially their purchase. When making scaffolding from a profile pipe with your own hands, they take into account all the necessary features, for example, specific dimensions. When there is no need, they can be rented or sold, thus returning part of the money spent.

Of course, factory ones can also be sold after use, but their price drops immediately after purchase. And if you make it yourself, you can save money.

How old are metal bridges

The term of use depends on the conditions of storage, operation, transportation, unloading, loading. The quality of the paint, its layer on critical areas, locks also affects. The minimum shelf life for metal scaffolding in some passport data is 5 years.

But if we take into account that the painted profile material, according to the assurances of the manufacturers, can be stored for more than 30 years, then the products from it, respectively, are the same. If, before storage, the profile material is treated with anti-corrosion agents and tinted, and the damaged parts are repaired, then this period is doubled or tripled.

Frame construction rules

First, prepare the ground on which the scaffolds will stand. Then they begin to mount scaffolding from a profile pipe.

Preparing for installation

It is necessary to compact the soil well, where the scaffolding support posts will be installed, to make a drainage system in case of rainy weather. It is better to prevent water from flowing under all the supporting elements so that the soil under them does not erode.

Mounting

The procedure for installing walkways from a profile pipe is as follows:

Assemble vertical ladder racks. To do this, horizontal crossbars are mounted to the supports to obtain a ladder.
Next, assemble the intermediate racks. They differ from stairs only in the absence of steps. Only the horizontal bars are the same.
Vertical racks are fixed with side struts.
After installation and installation of stairs, horizontal supports are mounted, flooring is laid on them.
Then, in the same sequence, they assemble the details of the second floor, third, etc.

When assembling scaffolding with your own hands, follow the drawing.

How to choose a professional pipe, how many pipes you need

For vertical racks, it is desirable to use profile pipes with a side of at least 40 mm. These can be pipes 40 × 40, 40 × 60 or 40 × 80 mm. For horizontal crossbars, you can use a professional pipe 40 × 40, 40 × 30, 40 × 20 or, in extreme cases, 30 × 30 mm.

Some suggest using a profile pipe with a side of 20 mm. I do not recommend doing this, since a thin profile pipe has a small mounting area, and the side horizontal supports, together with the flooring on which the workers and building materials are located, are fixed with only four joints.

The rungs of the ladder racks are made from a profile of the same size. If they are thin, then it will be extremely inconvenient to bring building materials onto the flooring.

If the size of the steps is 40 × 20, then it is better to fix them flat, with the wide side parallel to the ground. But the profile pipe for the side horizontal supports, on the contrary, has a narrow side to the ground so that it does not bend. By the way, this is the advantage of a profile pipe, compared to a round one - it is more resistant to bending.

For side braces or side diagonal braces, a profile tube 20 × 20 mm is sufficient. The amount of material depends on the height for which the walkways will be designed, the number of intermediate struts and the span length used - 2 or 2.5 m. The standard width is 950 mm for a deck of 1 m.

For the option described below, you will need 10 m of a 80 × 40 mm profile pipe, 4 pieces of 2.5 m each. For horizontal bars, you will need 8.65 m, 4 pieces of 2.16 m of a 40 × 20 profile pipe. 85 m is the same size as the horizontal ones, but thinner is possible.

The steps are made of a profile pipe 40 × 20 mm, they will need 12 pcs. 1 m long. In order for the distance between the supports to be 950 mm, they must be recessed into the square holes of the racks. Metal decking requires a 2 x 0.95 m sheet with a thickness of at least 4 mm.

How to assemble metal scaffolding with your own hands

To repeat with my own hands a convenient and compact design, I propose a variant with a height of racks from a profile pipe of 2.5 m. They are suitable even for internal construction work, where the ceiling height is more than 2.5 m. For outdoor use, these walkways are suitable for almost any one-story house. They are easy to mount or dismantle with your own hands, move to another place. They are shown in the photo above.

Necessary tools and materials

To mount scaffolding from a profile pipe, it is better to use an autogenous or semi-automatic device, because it is almost impossible to make a high-quality connection with a simple inverter. Horizontal crossbars, as I wrote above, are subjected to heavy loads. Therefore, you need to burn holes where the crossbars or steps will be inserted.

The connection is then scalded until a secure fastening is obtained. To do this, it is better to use gas welding or semi-automatic. But it is even better to make square holes with a drill and a punch. This option is preferable.

You will need a grinder, tape measure, metal marker. From the material - 10 m of a profile pipe 80 × 40 mm and 23.5 m - 40 × 20 mm, a metal sheet 4 mm thick and 2 × 0.95 m in size. Can be made up of 2 pieces of 1 × 1 m by cutting or bending the edges with your own hands.

Drawings and diagrams

Scaffolding, the diagram of which is shown in the drawing, is made of profile pipes 80 × 40 mm and 40 × 20 mm.

A crossbar with a metal profile deck is shown in the figure below. Plates are welded on the edges - they will prevent the sheet from sliding off the supports.

Strut preparation

It is better to flatten the ends of the spacers. You can do this with a vice. So that the flattened side is not wide, the small side of the profile pipe is cut to the length of the deformation.

For the manufacture of scaffolding with your own hands according to the described drawing, a bolt is used in fastening the strut. It is inserted into a hole made in the narrow sides of the pipe. And since the load falls on it, it is better to use a bolt with a thickness of at least 12 mm. Its length is at least 90 mm; instead of a nut, it is better to use a lamb. You need 2 of these bolts, they are inserted into the holes on both sides of the diagonal crossbar.

Manufacture of adapters

If you need scaffolding from several floors, then adapters will be needed for ladder and walk-through racks. They can be made with your own hands from a smaller profile pipe. If adapters are needed for 80 × 40 mm support pipes, then 2 pieces of 35 × 35 mm pipe are inserted into a piece 8 cm long of such a pipe. Then the joints are scalded and grinded with a grinder, as shown in the figure.

For a square profile pipe with sides of 40 mm, 1 tube of 35 mm is inserted.

Frame Assembly

The difference between stair and intermediate supports is only in the presence of steps in the first. In the design described above, intermediate ones are not used, but they can be made if long scaffolding is needed.

When mounting the frame, the steps and crossbars are sunk into the support post, so the holes must be the same shape as the parts to be joined.

To obtain square or rectangular holes, it is better to use a drill with drills and a punch of the appropriate shape, sharpened on one side. The shape of the punch should be the same as the shape of the steps and rungs or slightly larger.

First drill a hole. If the profile pipe is square, one is enough, if it is rectangular, then 2–3 are needed so that they communicate with each other. Then a rectangular hole is formed with a punch. This is better than burning a hole with a welding machine, which may turn out to be uneven, and the step or crossbar will not fit tightly into it.

Section mounting

The supports, installed vertically and parallel to each other at a distance of 2 meters, are fastened first with side struts, then with a diagonal crossbar. The last section with flooring is set to the required height. It must have fixing plates on the edges of the profile of the side horizontal supports.

Flooring manufacturing

The described flooring is metal. It is made of a sheet 2 x 1 m or 2 sheets 1 x 1 m. Since the length of the deck is 950 mm, the edges can be folded or cut. Although they will not interfere without it. The flooring itself is fastened by welding, bolts or a rivet gun.

Scaffolding painting

It is needed not so much for beauty, but to prevent metal corrosion. Therefore, I advise you to use acrylic or alkyd paint. Before painting, it is desirable to treat the product with an anti-corrosion solution, wash off the dirt with a solvent, wipe the scaffolding with a rag. It is desirable to paint all welded parts in 2 layers.

If you paint with light paint, then all sorts of elements of corrosion will be clearly visible. Therefore, they can be noticed in time and re-processed: painted or repaired with a welding tool.

Universal scheme for dismantling scaffolding

Scaffolding is dismantled in reverse order. First, the top floor is dismantled. The sequence is:

flooring and side horizontal supports;
spacers;
racks.

If a profile sheet is used as a flooring, then heavy elements are lowered using halyards. Details can be found in the video reviews.

In this article: how to make wooden scaffolding; types and characteristics of metal scaffolding; requirements for the design of scaffolding (GOST); the order of assembly of scaffolding; how to assemble a tower tour; prices for scaffolding and tower tours; how to choose scaffolding.

A thousand or two years ago, when there was a need to build buildings more than two stories high, it also required full-fledged construction equipment to lift builders to this height so that they could work relatively freely on it. It was too laborious and troublesome to pile up the embankment around the structure being erected, like the builders of Ancient Egypt - another solution was required. This is how the first scaffolding appeared, owing its name to the tree from which it was originally created.

Like a web, scaffolding envelops a new building or a building requiring restoration, and workers can work on them with minimal risk to their lives. Half a century ago, not a single major construction was complete without human casualties, workers were afraid to climb shaky scaffolding, categorically refusing to work at high altitude. Today, work on scaffolding has become much safer, largely due to specially developed rules for working on them. It is worth carefully understanding all the details regarding scaffolding - so let's do it!

Wood is the oldest building material and it is quite possible to build good scaffolding from it, suitable for finishing work at a low height on the scale of a private house.

For scaffolding, you will need: half-meter trimmings of a board 150x50 mm (fifty), pieces of a thinner board (for example, 25x100 mm), a board of the required length to form a horizontal deck. For supports (sleep) you will need two fairly long boards, for example, the same "fifty".

From the scraps of the "fifty" we knock together triangles of scaffold supports, then we sheathe them with a board of a smaller section. What considerations should be taken into account when choosing the dimensions of triangular supports - sufficient space for standing on them and the complete elimination of the possibility of separation from the wall / support under its own weight and the weight of the builder. For these reasons, the length of the scaffold should be between 400 and 500 mm - the feet of the person standing on them should in no case sag behind the scaffold!

The line of props - they will be attached to the supports at an acute angle, so be careful with their length. The upper end of the poles is cut off at an angle so as to insert them inside the triangular supports, the lower part is sharpened for a firm fixation in the ground.

After the scaffolding has been brought to the required position, the vertical side of the triangular supports must be nailed to the wall, without driving in the nails to the very head - they will need to be removed upon completion of the work. We attach a ladder, alternately raise, install and nail the flooring boards to the fixed supports - here each nail should be driven all the way.

Before starting construction and finishing work, make sure that the scaffolding is stable. It is not necessary to bring scaffolding out of wood to a height of more than seven meters!

It should be noted that in addition to wood, scaffolding can be built from grass - bamboo. In Asian countries, where this plant grows in abundance, everyone builds from it. However, you should not compare the strength of bamboo with the strength of wood - its strength characteristics are an order of magnitude higher.

metal scaffolding

Scaffolding from steel or aluminum pipes is produced industrially in two main versions - frame and modular. Frame scaffolding includes flag, pin scaffolding and scaffolding towers, while modular scaffolding includes wedge, clamp, suspended (attached to the supporting structures of buildings) and modular (system) scaffolding. The design of scaffolding, regardless of their type, must comply with GOST 27321-87, and be stored in accordance with GOST 15150-69.

Important: before proceeding to a detailed description of metal scaffolding, it should be noted right away - they all require anchoring to the wall of the building, along or around which they are exposed! The highest height to which it is possible to bring scaffolding without fastening to the wall of the building should not exceed 4 m, and only if the site on which the scaffolding is built is perfectly horizontal and compacted, rainwater drainage is necessarily organized. Failure to comply with this rule will result in overturning or collapse of the entire scaffold structure.

Frame or flag scaffolding (standard load - 200 kg / m 2)

Their kit includes: side frames (with and without a ladder), racks for diagonal and horizontal fastening of the side frames to each other, shoes for resting on the ground - all these elements are made of steel. The dimensions of the frames, the installation distance between them for each manufacturer are somewhat different, while the construction scheme is the same.

This type of scaffolding is popular for two reasons - they are cheap and easy to assemble. Fasteners of frame scaffolding are inserted into the holes intended for them and fixed by turning the “flag”. Vertically, scaffolding elements are connected by inserting a higher frame into the nest located below, without additional fixation.

Frame scaffolding is designed for masonry and finishing work on straight facades of buildings, their assembly height should not exceed 50 m (for masonry - 20-25 m, for finishing - 40 m).

Before proceeding with the installation of frame scaffolding, you should consider the scheme of their construction and the location of tiers with stairs (it is better to draw), find out the types and number of necessary structural elements of the scaffolding.

The frame scaffolding is assembled in the following order:

On the finished site, the segments between the frames are measured (as a rule, the step is 3 m) and the support boards are laid out, with steel shoes on top. Frames are built in them, forming the first tier of scaffolding. They are set strictly vertically - along a plumb line, connected by braces and screeds;
The second tier is the connection of vertical frames with the lower tier, fixing them with diagonal / horizontal ties (using a level and a plumb line). For future laying of flooring, horizontal ribs of crossbars are exposed. From the first to the final (highest) tier, diagonal ties must be installed in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. their location should not be the same as the vertically adjacent sections of the tiers;
Installation of ladder structures located at an angle (workers can also climb vertical ladders built into frames, but this is not convenient and makes it difficult to work). Inclined stairs are exposed as the tiers rise;
Mandatory fastening of the scaffolding structure being erected to the building using hooks with bushings, plug anchors that securely connect the scaffolding frames to the wall (check!). Fasten the scaffolding with the wall in a checkerboard pattern, step - 4 m;
Bringing the tiers of scaffolding to the required height, repeating the operations described above (starting from the 2nd tier);
At the ends of the assembled scaffolding, end ties-rods are set, along the entire length of the tiers, in those sections where there are no diagonal ties, establish longitudinal (horizontal) ties that act as a fence.

The dismantling of scaffolding is carried out in the reverse order, from top to bottom.

Widely represented on the construction market, frame scaffolding is offered at an average price of 170 rubles. per m 2, their monthly rent will cost 60 rubles. per m 2.

Pin scaffolding (standard load - 200 kg / m 2)

In terms of their design and assembly technique, these scaffolds are as simple as frame scaffolds - their horizontal elements are fastened by inserting pins into hollow tube-eyes welded to vertical posts. The lower supports of the racks of the frames are put into shoes, each new level is assembled in stages, the braces installed diagonally give greater rigidity to the scaffolding.

Pin scaffolds are built up to 40 meters in height, they are used mainly in masonry and rarely in finishing work. With all its simplicity and reliability, this type of scaffolding can be combined with clamp scaffolding, thanks to which it is possible to build complex frame schemes.

The average market value of forests of this type is 550 rubles. per m 2, rent - 100 rubles. per m2 per month. The reason for the higher cost compared to frame (flag) scaffolding is the ability to carry large loads, tk. in their design, steel pipes with a significant wall thickness are used (for example, LSh 100 - the diameter of the steel pipe is 57 mm, the wall is 3.5 mm).

Scaffolding Vishneva (standard load - 200-250 kg / m 2)

The frames of these scaffolds are installed during assembly not in a vertical, but in a horizontal position. They connect the vertical posts just above the base shoes, and in each new tier they serve as a support for the deck. Reinforcing the structure of Vishnev's scaffolding does not require diagonal ties, it is the only type of scaffolding that does not need them.

Vishnev scaffolding ladders are not built into the frame, they are an independent element installed at an angle inside the scaffolding structure. Ladders and fencing frames are equipped with pins that are inserted into the eyes of the racks (similar to fastening ties in pin scaffolding).

Vishnev scaffolds are intended for restoration and finishing works at a height of up to 40 m, both inside and outside buildings. Starting from the second tier, the racks of these scaffolds must be fixed to the wall, horizontally in increments of 6 m, vertically - on each tier (anchors, crutches and steel wire, braces and brackets are used).

Their average cost is 300 rubles. per m 2, the price of a monthly lease is 80 rubles. per m 2.

Tour tower (standard load - 200 kg / m 2)

This design is a kind of compromise on the combination of "price" and "need". Any building periodically requires repair of various levels of complexity, both complete decoration and fragmentary "cosmetics". And if up to a certain height, say up to 5-8 meters, you can somehow get by with ladders, then a more stable and spacious working platform will be needed for a greater height. Building scaffolding around the entire perimeter of the building is expensive. And collecting / disassembling scaffolding again and again, moving each time to a new place - is not an easy task and takes time. The optimal solution here is a tour tower.

The design of any tower tour is the same - it is assembled from ready-made frames equipped with a ladder. Wheels are attached to the base, they can be raised above ground level by a few millimeters, if the screw supports fixed on the lower frame, acting on the principle of a jack, are extended to the maximum. When the tiers are raised to a height of more than 4 m, additional (regular) spacers are attached to the frames of the first tier. Depending on the model of the tower, when the tiers are raised to 2/3 of the maximum height, it is necessary to fix it to the wall of the building on anchors or brackets. The tour tower is equipped with two or three horizontal platforms, the top one is equipped with a folding hatch for lifting / lowering.

Tour towers can have a height of 4 to 21 meters, depending on the number of tiers, each of which is 2 m high (larger frames would be difficult to lift). Its operation will require a solid and even platform that does not have any slopes.

The order of assembly of the tower-tours:

A frame with wheels is placed on the site, screw supports are put forward, wooden supports are preliminarily placed under them;
Connect the sidewall frames to the base frame, fasten them to the horizontal braces and tighten them with diagonal stiffeners, lay and fix the flooring, connect the side supports;
Insert the frames of the next tier into the pins of the side frames, connect them with horizontal and vertical ties - each new tier is assembled according to this scheme. As you climb, install side struts, put a wooden stand under each of them;
On the upper section, set up and fix the flooring, safety fence, vertical and diagonal ties - you should bring the fence to a height of at least a meter from the flooring.

The dismantling of the tower-tour is carried out from the upper tier in the reverse order of the assembly steps.

The price of tower tours depends on its model, material of execution (steel or aluminum pipe), number of tiers. Steel towers cost an average of 12,000 rubles. (height 4.2 m), aluminum - 44,000 rubles. (height 4.9 m). It should be noted that it will not be possible to buy additional elements of new tiers to an already purchased tower tour - its design is designed for a certain lifting height, adding sections will increase the load on the base frame and reduce its strength.

Wedge scaffolding (standard load - 200-300 kg / m 2)

These scaffoldings are more complex than those described above - their constituent elements are fixed with steel wedges driven in / knocked out with a hammer. This type of fastening greatly increases the reliability of scaffolding, they are able to carry a greater load than frame or pin scaffolding.

The shape of the wedge, which connects the racks and crossbars of the wedge scaffolding, does not allow spontaneous wedging, and the flange locks on the racks are equipped with eight holes - for building scaffolding of the required spatial shape. When dismantling the scaffolding, the wedges extracted from the joints are inserted into special holes with which the racks are equipped.

The maximum height to which the wedge scaffolding rises is 40 m. They are used both in construction and finishing works, including high-rise ones, and for temporary structures for public purposes - visual stands and concert stages, stair descents. This type of scaffolding is popular with ship/aircraft builders.

The price per m 2 of wedge forests is on average 200 rubles, renting m 2 will cost 80 rubles. per month.

Clamp scaffolding (standard load - 200-250 kg / m 2)

One of the first types of scaffolding. All prefabricated elements of these scaffolds are connected by clamps - rotary (repeated) and deaf. They are difficult to assemble, but the height to which they can be brought out is twice the capabilities of other types of scaffolding - 80 m. Racks and crossbars are inserted into clamps, which are then tightened with threaded bolts.

This type of scaffolding gives access to any spatial structure, be it domes or complex architectural ledges that create “dead zones” around the perimeter for frame, pin or wedge scaffolding. The possibility of building tiers of any height, combining with any type of metal scaffolding - all this justifies their rather high price and complex assembly.

It should be noted that clamp scaffolding is produced in two versions, differing in profile diameter: “professional” - a steel pipe with a cross section of 57 mm is used; "lightweight" - pipe diameter 48 mm. As a rule, when assembling clamp scaffolding, both standard sizes of racks are used - 2 m and 4 m, alternated during installation. Longitudinal ties are also of two sizes (3.6 and 5 m) and are also alternate.

Clamp forests cost about 450 rubles. per m 2, rental price - 75 rubles / m 2 / month.

Suspended scaffolding (standard load - 200 kg / m 2)

The support for the scaffolding of this design is the building itself (its floors), i.e. their lower tier does not touch the ground. In cases where the partial or complete lack of space near the building does not allow the installation of any other scaffolding option, hanging scaffolding is indispensable. Interference in the form of extensions, a significant height of the object, architectural elements of weak strength, the need to surround the entire perimeter of the building with scaffolding, simultaneous communication and landscape work (short deadlines) - all these are tasks for suspended scaffolding. They are used in finishing and restoration work.

The outwardly protruding elements of the suspended scaffolding securely hold the consoles (material - channel No. 10), fixed in the spacer between the ceilings, they are connected by crossbars and ties on clamps. In other words, with the exception of the support cantilevers, hanging scaffolding is otherwise a variation of the clamp scaffolding (1.5" crossbars and braces, 2" posts, 2.5mm steel pipe wall).

Each new tier is connected to the consoles on the floor of the building that coincides with it and to the lower tier, the vertical posts must be anchored to the walls (step 4 m).

You can buy ready-made only part of the hanging scaffolding - the one that forms the outer tiers, i.e. elements of collar scaffolding. Console struts are calculated and produced for a specific object and cannot be unified due to structural differences between different buildings - they must be ordered additionally. The price of suspended scaffolding is only negotiable.

Modular (system) scaffolding (standard load - 200 kg / m 2)

They allow you to create a structure of almost any shape, able to bypass any protrusions, repeat the rounded or angular outlines of the object, the facade repair of which is necessary. Their elements can be connected with a wedge-disc (dish-shaped) or cup mount (cup-lock).

In the first case, crossbars and scaffold ties, equipped with a fork-shaped lock, are inserted into the disk lock of the vertical support and locked in it with a wedge (the locking element of some ties is movable, i.e., it can be fixed at the required angle).

Scaffolding crossbars with a cup-lock connection are attached as follows: their racks are equipped with steel cups welded at a certain height, T-shaped locks of the crossbars are placed in them, and a wedge nut fixes the lock on top.

Elements of modular (systemic) scaffolding are made of steel pipes (d - 48 mm, wall thickness - 3.5 mm) and coated with a layer of zinc (hot-dip galvanizing). The supports for them come in three options - ordinary (square base and connecting pipe section in the center), screw (according to the jack principle) and wheeled. The maximum lifting height of the tiers is 60 m, starting from the 3rd tier it is necessary to fix them to the wall with anchors.

Modular (systemic) scaffolding is used in high-altitude work on objects of complex geometry, in the construction of formwork, the creation of temporary spatial structures, such as concert and demonstration sites.

This type of scaffolding is quite expensive - its elements are produced outside of Russia, mainly in the EU countries. The average cost of modular scaffolding is 3,000 rubles. per m 2 (depending on the manufacturer and design), on lease issues, you need to negotiate with the owners of this type of forest personally.

What type of scaffolding to choose

The solution to this issue is for the purpose of their application. It is necessary to analyze the scope of the upcoming work, their urgency, the presence / absence of sites for scaffolding. Frame scaffolding, for example, is great for masonry and finishing work at low heights, they are cheap and unpretentious. For masonry at a higher height, clamp or pin scaffolding will be required - they have a greater carrying capacity. By the way, the normative load capacity given above for each type of scaffolding is the minimum, i.e. depending on the specific scaffolding model, their carrying capacity may be higher - this indicator, among other things, depends on the thickness and diameter of the steel elements, the scaffolding scheme.

Clamp scaffolding is indispensable for work at height and for objects of complex geometry, however, this type of scaffolding has a major flaw - over time, the tightening bolts on the clamps rust, losing strength and ability to fasten. Therefore, you need to choose only clamps with a layer of galvanization - they will last longer and without interference with work. When renting clamp scaffolding, in particular, pay attention to the wear of the clamp fasteners, the degree of deformation of the racks at the joints (the clamps deform them).

Having opted for wedge scaffolding, please note that they cannot be purchased by quadrature - first prepare a draft of the necessary scaffolding design, coordinate it with the supervisory state bodies. And only after that, purchase the necessary elements of wedge scaffolding according to the prepared list.

A qualitative calculation of their needs will help to significantly save on scaffolding, in addition, you can combine different types of scaffolding, resulting in access to working surfaces (for example, combined frame and clamp scaffolding).

The main thing when choosing scaffolding, in addition to cost and versatility, will be their safety for workers - reliable attachment points, comfortable ladders, and the mandatory presence of safety bumpers. With each assembly, it is necessary to test the scaffolding for strength, without relying on chance.

Abdyuzhanov Rustam, especially for rmnt.ru

Scaffolding is widely used for any engineering work at a certain height. Structures are classified not only by the type of material used for installation, but also by the method of fastening the constituent elements. Very often, the need arises when finishing the facades of private houses, when you need to quickly and easily move along the walls.

Use of wood material

It is not difficult to make such a design with your own hands. Most often, stable and durable frame-type scaffolding is installed independently. Such installation assumes the presence of a solid frame, which is stiffened by installing diagonals and racks. Scaffolding of this type can be made:

From a tree.
From metal.

Wooden scaffolding is easier to install, but to ensure safety, it is recommended to install them on your own only if it is necessary to carry out finishing work at a low height. For example, when finishing the facade of a house at the level of the first floor. This is due to the fact that when installing structures of greater height, it is difficult to provide them with the necessary rigidity and stability.

Video review: Scaffolding. Build Secrets

Scaffolding. Build Secrets

Metal constructions

Metal scaffolding, the frame of which is made of pipes and profiles, has several advantages in comparison with wooden ones, namely:

Higher strength, which guarantees safety during work.
Good rigidity, which ensures comfort during work.
Ease of assembly as the metal components are fixed using simple and secure fastening methods.
Durability during storage, and hence the possibility of reusable scaffolding.
Absolute fire safety.

The photo shows the finished section. It is from such elements that the design of frame scaffolding of any size is formed.

Many are interested in whether self-assembled scaffolding can be trusted. After all, working at height is always associated with danger, and, therefore, when using the structure, complete safety must be guaranteed. In this regard, the question of how to make strong scaffolding is quite relevant.

The process of installing frame scaffolding from metal components is not particularly difficult, so all installation operations can be done by hand with basic carpentry and metalworking skills. The main thing is to be extremely careful during installation, and perform all operations efficiently and slowly.

Frame-type scaffolding is mainly used for work on straight facades. They are considered absolutely safe when carrying out work operations at a height of up to 50 m. And this is much higher than wooden structures allow.

A generalized frame-type design scheme is presented below:

Metal scaffolding installation

To build a high-quality and reliable construction of metal scaffolding, you will need the following:

Profile having a section of 30 x 30 mm. for mounting uprights.
Pipes having a diameter of 15 mm. for mounting ties between racks horizontally and diagonally.
Profile having a section of 25 x 25 mm. to form the supports of the working platform and the protective fence.
Boards having a thickness of about 5 cm to form a working platform.
Bolts with nuts and washers for fastening metal components.
Self-tapping screws for fixing boards.

Before installing scaffolding of this type, it is necessary to consider a plan for the construction and location of sections. The calculation of the material is carried out according to ready-made drawings, which can be made in any form. But at the same time, it is very important that they take into account the following design features for each individual section:

Height between tiers: 2 m.
Width between posts: 1 m.
Length between posts: 3 m.

The number of sections is calculated depending on the length of the wall and the height of the house.

Stages of work

Before starting the installation, it is necessary to carefully compact the soil in the area where the scaffolding is planned to be erected. It is also desirable to equip a drainage system to prevent soil erosion in rainy weather.

At the first stage, pipe segments with a diameter of 15 mm are cut. desired length and required quantity according to the drawings.

Cuts are made on both sides at the ends so that they can be flattened. This will allow you to make a high-quality connection with vertical posts for which a metal profile is used.

Further, on the construction site, the location of the vertical racks is marked. First, shoes are installed in these places, and then vertical racks are fixed in them, which are pulled together by transverse bars and diagonal braces in the places indicated in the drawings.

Fixation is carried out using bolts, nuts and washers, which are installed in pre-drilled holes. Diagonal braces are fastened in the same way at the intersections.

After that, you should proceed to the arrangement of the working platform from the boards, which are pre-cut to size. To do this, with a step of no more than half a meter, a support profile is mounted on the upper crossbars between the uprights. Boards are attached to it with self-tapping screws. To ensure safety, a protective barrier is being installed around the work site. A ladder for climbing to the upper tier of scaffolding can be purchased, or it can be formed using a profile between the side racks of the frame.

Metal scaffolding can consist of several tiers. Such a design is formed from the required number of separate sections that are welded together. It should be remembered that in this case, to ensure the rigidity of the product, the diagonal ties must be mounted in a checkerboard pattern.

IMPORTANT! Self-made scaffolding must be reliable, and the structure could support the weight of working people, tools, building materials, and supplies.

At the slightest doubt that it is impossible to provide the necessary strength, preference should be given to purchased professional products.

From this article you will learn how to properly assemble wooden scaffolding with your own hands - a step-by-step instruction has been prepared for you. The article will talk about the requirements for individual elements and designs in general. You will also learn about accessories for working at heights.

Scaffolding is a temporary or permanent system of supports and ladders, which serves for lifting and working at height. They are subject to increased requirements for strength, stability and safety, since working at a height of more than 1.5 m is traumatic.

Regardless of the material and design principle, the following general requirements apply to scaffolding:

Reliability. The system of elements must withstand the weight of workers and material in motion with a margin.
Manufacturability. It implies the convenience of assembly / disassembly of the entire structure. This job should be handled by a handyman or an entry-level specialist.
Thrift. The design must contain an acceptable minimum of elements, but at the same time be stable and reliable.
Utility. For inventory scaffolding - the ability to reuse the structure and individual elements as much as possible. For wood - the ability to reuse the material after disassembly for other purposes without significant loss of quality.

Inventory scaffolding is a professional and expensive product. It is unprofitable to purchase them for home use, only rent is possible with a large amount of work (for example, with the facade of a house). As a rule, in private construction, it is customary to erect conditionally disposable scaffolding that exactly matches the building structure.

Standard wood scaffolding

The design of these scaffolds came to us from the Middle Ages. The principle of forming a frame and connecting parts has not changed since then. Only the fasteners themselves have been improved. They deserve special attention.

Basic elements of wooden scaffolding

1 - racks; 2 - transverse; 3 - flooring; 4 - braces; 5 - stabilizing slopes

Racks. Good quality edged board vertical supports. They perceive the normal (according to the gravity vector) load from the entire structure and transfer it to the base (soil). Rack Requirements:

Edged board of the 1st grade of any breed.
Board thickness - not less than 30 mm, width - not less than 100 mm.
Mechanical integrity of each individual element. The board must not be broken, cracked, rotten, crooked, of variable section, with excessive wane or holes.
The board must not be infested with insects.

Particular attention must be paid to the vertical splicing of the racks. Elements should be butt-jointed, not "overlap" and clamped on both sides.

Crossbars. They take the load from the flooring and transfer it to the racks. The requirements for them are similar to the requirements for racks. One additional requirement: the use of spliced cross members without additional support is unacceptable.

Flooring. Cross ladders that transfer the load from people and materials to the cross bars. It can be made of edged or unedged boards, and also be combined - board guides, sheet material on top. Solid flooring and run-up are allowed.

Braces. Diagonal links connecting racks of different rows. It is allowed to use rails, slabs. It is advisable to install braces of maximum length in order to connect the largest number of racks.

Slopes. Diagonal stops that support the structure to avoid deflection from the wall. Usually a 25 mm board is used.

Rules for the construction of wooden scaffolding

There is a set of general rules, following which you can assemble a reliable and safe design. These rules are derived from the requirements of safety and the experience of high-altitude masters:

The foundation must be solid. If there is loose earth or sand under your feet, make wooden platforms to support the racks.
The width of the passage between the racks is at least 500 mm.
For each node - at least 3 attachment points. With multi-point mounting - a step of 50-70 mm in a checkerboard pattern.
Use powerful self-tapping screws (at least 4.2 mm). In case of assembly on nails (100 mm), bend them from the back side.
Always install railings on the inside of the rack.
Use a frontal board (fence at the flooring).
Racks at the interface must be trimmed.
The spacing of the posts is from 1 to 2 m, the minimum thickness of the flooring is 25 mm.

Scaffold assembly

To create a wooden scaffold structure, you will need a minimum of tools: a saw, a hammer with nails and a tape measure.

Operating procedure:

The length of the working space should be divided by the optimal step (1.5 m) and get the number of racks.
We collect the "envelope" - a frame of racks and crossbars. To do this, lay out two boards in parallel and measure the height of the tier. We sew them in this place with a cross bar.

Attention! The angle between the upright and the cross member must be 90°. Skews can deform the frame under load.

We sew the frame with a diagonal.
We prepare the required number of "envelopes".
Install two "envelopes" vertically, in the design position. Sew them with a diagonal at the maximum height so that they stand without support.
Set the number of envelopes according to the length of the floorboard so that its edges fall on the crossbars.
Place the deck board on the cross members and fix it. Reinforce bracing.
Fix the flooring on top with self-tapping screws or nails.
Install the rest of the "envelopes" and flooring in the same way.

Attention! Never, under any circumstances, splice decking between supports! The joint of boards or flooring sheets must fall on the crossbar!

Install handrail and front board.
If possible, tie the structure to the wall.
If the height is more than 2 tiers and you need to build up the racks, you should first install the slopes. To do this, you need to tie the racks at the bottom with a horizontal board of maximum length. Then connect the edge of this board with the top of the rack - you get a reliable triangular stop.

Scaffolding is dismantled in the reverse order - the dismantling of the flooring, crossbars, extended racks, slopes and envelopes. Disassembly must be carried out by qualified and experienced carpenters.

Devices for wooden scaffolding

Steel Crossbar - Bracket

This element greatly simplifies installation, allowing you to quickly change the level of the flooring. Such a device must correspond to the cross section of the board.

triangular bracket

Such a bracket can be wooden or steel. Allows the scaffold to be attached directly to the wall. For a flooring device based on it, several boards for a ladder are enough. But at the same time, for rearrangement, you have to dismantle it. Mounting something from the bottom up is not possible. The most dangerous type of high-altitude scaffolding. When working, special skill and caution are required.

Bricklayer Express Scaffolding

They are created from pallets on which bricks were brought. For flooring, as a rule, a rafter board is used. It does not require sawing the material, while they are quite reliable, if you do not make spans of more than 1.5 m.

Bricklayer scaffolding on video

Whatever type of scaffolding or scaffolding you choose, remember that your life and health are in your hands. Saving one board or 10 minutes of time for strengthening can turn into unpleasant, and sometimes serious consequences.