Warm plaster: material characteristics. Warm plaster for interior work: overview, characteristics, reviews Warm mix for plaster

To insulate the walls from the inside without losing the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, it is optimal to use warm plaster. It is effective for both outdoor and indoor use. In cases where it is necessary to insulate the wall in the apartment, this method is ideal.

Varieties of plaster compositions

The composition of traditional plaster includes:

• Binder (cement, gypsum);
• Fine filler (sand);
• Water.

For thermal insulation of internal walls, a classic solution can be used, but it will have to be applied in a thick layer of up to 10 cm. To obtain a more effective result, the sand filler is partially or completely replaced with components that can better retain heat:

• Shredded foam;
• Vermiculite (granular material obtained by firing hydrated mica);
• Perlite (a mineral of volcanic origin).

A layer of plaster with these fillers at the same thickness will give a greater effect than using a traditional mortar, and by reducing the layer, you can get the best heat transfer effect of the wall.

Ready-made plaster compositions for internal thermal insulation are produced mainly on perlite. It has a relatively low bulk density - 200...400 kg/m3. It is slightly less in vermiculite - about 100 kg / m3. Perlite is used more often due to its low cost.

Both cement and gypsum can be used as a binder for wall insulation with warm plaster from the inside. In the first case, the wall will turn out to be stronger, but it will require more careful cladding, since the cement is gray, you will have to heavily cover the color, for example, with gypsum putty. Gypsum is suitable only for interior work, in itself it has a low thermal conductivity, which further enhances the effect of thermal insulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

The advantages, of course, include:

• Low thermal conductivity;
• Sufficient layer strength;
• Small application thickness (no more than 5 cm);
• Reinforcement is not required during application.

The main drawback of the coating, which must be taken into account, is the high hygroscopicity of mineral heat-insulating plasters. Gypsum, perlite and vermiculite are porous materials that can absorb a significant amount of water. Key recommendations for this:

• In damp rooms (bathrooms, showers) reinforced waterproofing of the wall is required. Moisture-resistant putties, ceramic linings are suitable for this.
• In corridors, kitchens and rooms, it is enough to maintain normal humidity of no more than 60%. For additional protection, use a deep penetration primer under wallpaper or decorative plaster.

Slaked lime will also help reduce the hygroscopicity of the composition. It does not affect the thermal conductivity of the layer, but significantly reduces the absorption of moisture and improves the plasticity of the solution.

How to make warm plaster with your own hands

The cost of ready-made mixtures is high, it is much cheaper to make the blank yourself. Thus, you can save a lot, especially if you need to insulate all the walls in a house or apartment. An additional bonus of large volumes of work is a high (total) consumption of material, i.e. it is unlikely that you will have half a bag of unnecessary cement if you immediately calculate everything correctly and buy the right amount of components.

What you need:

• Cement brand M150-M200. It is so inexpensive - about 150-250 rubles per bag of 50 kg;
• Perlite (M75-M100) costs about 100 rubles per 50 kg;
• Vermiculite will cost more - about 450-500 rubles per 50 kg;
• Slaked lime - about 120 rubles per 20 kg;
• Reclaimed building sand - 100 rubles per 50 kg;
• Water - from the tap on the counter.

Cooking technology:

1. The first step is to take the right amount of water. It should be at room temperature.
2. Dry ingredients can be mixed in advance.
3. A dry mixture is added to the water in portions, each input must be thoroughly mixed with a construction mixer or a drill with the same nozzle. A whisk can be purchased at any hardware store.

How to make warm plaster yourself: recipes

Components should be purchased based on the selected composition.

• 1) Simple composition: cement, sand and perlite are taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 4, the mixture is mixed with the right amount of water to the working consistency of thick sour cream.
• 2) For a large amount of work, you can prepare a solution of 190 kg of cement, 1 m3 of perlite or vermiculite, 270 liters of water. The volume should be divided into equal parts before kneading, since the finished solution sets after 2-3 hours.
• 3) A solution with a plasticizer is prepared from 1 part of cement, 4 parts of perlite, 0.9 parts of water, 1 m3 of perlite will require 4-5 liters of PVA glue, which acts as a plasticizer. PVA should be diluted in the water with which the mixture will be closed.
• 4) Sand-perlite mortar is prepared from 1 part of cement, 2 parts of sand, 3 - perlite. The amount of glue should be 1/100 of the amount of cement, i.e. per 100 kg of binder 1 kg of glue. The mixture is closed with water to a working state.
• 5) Cement and perlite in a ratio of 1:4 are mixed with water with PVA in the amount of glue 1% by weight of the binder.
• 6) Cement-lime mortar with insulating granules is prepared in the proportion of lime - 1 part, cement - 1 part, perlite sand - up to 5 parts. This plaster is perfect for wet rooms.

Solutions on a gypsum binder are prepared in a similar way without the use of glue.

PVA glue can be replaced with liquid soap, dishwashing detergent, or specialized superplasticizers that are sold in hardware stores. The latter should be used according to the instructions.

Warm plaster based on perlite is low cost, this filler can be replaced with more expensive vermiculite, then the layer weight will be less, and the coating efficiency will improve markedly. Cheap foam in granules can also replace perlite, while the thermal conductivity of the plaster will not increase. The only caveat is that polystyrene can evaporate harmful substances with significant heating, therefore it is rarely used for residential premises. This does not mean that it is forbidden to use, on the contrary, for cool rooms and walls where there is no heating from the sun, this filler will be a good ingredient.

Overview of popular warm mixes

If self-assembly of the components confuses you, you can always purchase a ready-made mixture in the store. It is important here not to run into a fake and low-quality material. To avoid such troubles, carefully read the information on the package, it always indicates the characteristics of the composition, method and place of application.

To facilitate the choice, here are the 5 most popular dry mixes for making warm plaster.

The technology of wall insulation with warm plaster from the inside

Wall insulation from the inside of the room according to the standard scheme is as follows:

• 1) The surface is cleaned of the old finish;
• 2) A primer is made with a deep penetration composition;
• 3) The first layer of plaster is applied. If a thick coating is supposed to be applied, the first layer should be thin, it is recommended to spray: the solution is brought to a liquid state (like liquid sour cream), drops are applied to the wall surface with a brush or brush. After they dry, you can proceed to plastering;
• 4) The main layer is applied by different methods. A thin coating does not require the installation of a grid, it is applied with a wide spatula or building rule. You should immediately make the surface even. If the layer is thick, it is advisable to stretch the mesh and fix it to the wall with dowels, even if the plaster manufacturer does not talk about it. Reinforcement is necessary for mortar layers from 50 mm.
• 5) When using gypsum plaster and its high-quality application, subsequent puttying is not required. When working with a cement composition, after 1-2 hours with significant irregularities or teals, you can take a brush, moisten it in water and slightly blur the irregularities. Do not be afraid to rub the wall - the cement has already set and only a surface that is not sufficiently leveled will get wet. Then spatulation should be done.

This algorithm is valid in cases where repairs are made for the purpose of insulation in a finished building with an insulated facade. If the house is just being built, it is necessary to provide for a sufficient wall thickness or high-quality insulation from the outside as well, since the interior alone cannot protect the room from heat loss.

It was worth changing the composition of the usual one a little, as a completely new material appeared - warm plaster. Manufacturers attribute unique qualities to it and declare that the material can be used as an independent one. So what is it Is it true or just another gimmicky marketing ploy? How to choose the right warm plaster for the facade and interior work, how to apply it, and in what cases can the material really be used as a full-fledged heat insulator?

No. 1. Composition of warm plaster

Warm plaster was named due to its low thermal conductivity compared to conventional plaster compositions. Similar results were achieved by replacing the usual with special heat-insulating additives.

The composition of warm plaster includes such components:

Material is usually supplied as a dry mix and must be diluted with water before application. Craftsmen prepare warm plaster on their own, but the composition “works” in any case according to one principle: heat-insulating additives, together with air bubbles, create a powerful barrier to cold. Tests show that a layer of warm plaster of 5 cm is equivalent in terms of thermal insulation to a wall of two.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of the material is about 0.063 W / m * 0 C. This indicator is somewhat worse than that of extruded polystyrene foam and even, which introduces some features into its application. In regions with cold winters, warm plaster cannot be used as independent thermal insulation - it is usually applied as an additional layer of insulation and plays a crucial role in eliminating the "cold bridges" that occur during the installation of tile and roll insulation. In areas with mild winters, warm plaster may even be used as the only thermal insulation material, but much depends on the thickness and material of the walls. In the future, we will check all this in the calculations.

No. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of warm plaster

Warm plaster has become widespread due to its significant benefits:

Now oh shortcomings:

Number 3. Types of warm plaster fillers

The type of filler strongly influences the properties and scope of use of warm plaster. The following materials can be used:

• sawdust. The composition of sawdust warm plaster, in addition to sawdust itself, also includes clay, paper and cement. The use of components so “gentle” and sensitive to negative environmental factors does not allow the composition to be used for facade insulation, but such warm plaster is excellent for interior work, especially since it can even be applied to a wooden base. Internal thermal insulation will improve efficiency;
• crushed perlite obtained from obsidian, which swells during high-temperature processing with the formation of a mass of air bubbles inside, which increases the thermal insulation properties of the material. The only negative is the increased hygroscopicity, so such plaster needs reliable waterproofing;
• expanded vermiculite obtained from mica, the material withstands a wide temperature range, has antiseptic properties, is light in weight, absolutely resistant to fire, can be used for exterior and interior decoration, but, like perlite, it is afraid of moisture, therefore it requires enhanced protection;
  
• balls from foam glass obtained from foamed quartz sand. This is the most preferred material for filling warm plaster, as it is not afraid of moisture, fire, has good thermal insulation properties, can be used for facade and interior work, does not shrink;
• as mineral aggregates, in addition to vermiculite, perlite and foam glass, they are also used expanded clay chips and pumice powder. These materials cannot boast of high moisture resistance and are inferior to analogues in many other qualities, therefore they are used infrequently;
• polystyrene foam used in warm plasters together with cement, lime and some other additives. These are relatively inexpensive compounds for universal use, but due to the flammability of polystyrene foam, they are not used so often. In addition, the surface of the plaster comes out too soft, so it requires mandatory finishing.
  

No. 4. Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To determine whether warm plaster can be used as an independent insulation, you will have to perform a simple calculation, taking into account the region where the house is located, the thickness and material of the walls:

• the calculation begins with the determination of the value normalized resistance to heat transfer of the outer walls of the house. This is a tabular value, predetermined by regulatory documents (for Russia - SNiP 23-02-2003). For Moscow, according to the table, this value is 3.28 m 2 * 0 C / W, for Krasnodar - 2.44 m 2 * 0 C / W;
• define resistance to heat transfer of the walls of the house, for which we need to divide the wall thickness by the thermal conductivity of the material. Let's do the calculation for two houses. One is located in Moscow and is built from, the wall thickness is 0.5 m, the thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.58 W / m 0 C, therefore the heat transfer resistance is 0.86 m 2 * 0 C / W. The second house is located in Krasnodar and is built from D600, the wall thickness is 0.4 m, the thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.22 W / m 0 C, the heat transfer resistance is 1.82 m 2 * 0 C / W;
• calculation additional insulation. For a house in Moscow, this is (3.28-0.86) \u003d 2.42 W / m 0 C. For a house in Krasnodar (2.44-1.82) \u003d 0.62 W / m 0 C;
• calculation layer of warm plaster, its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.063 W / m * 0 С (maybe a little more - depends on the composition and manufacturer). For a house in Moscow 0.063 * 2.42 = 0.15 m, for a house in Krasnodar 0.063 * 0.62 = 0.04 m. Since it is better not to apply warm plaster with a layer of more than 5 cm, and its weight is decent, then for a Moscow house, it is better to look for another option for insulation, and warm plaster can be used in addition. For a house in Krasnodar, warm plaster can be used as an independent insulation.

A more accurate calculation can be carried out if we take into account the heat transfer resistance of all finishing wall materials, as well as take into account the number and size of windows and a lot of other parameters. It is easier to do this in special construction calculators, but you can already understand whether it is worth considering warm plaster as an independent heater from the above calculation.

Despite the manufacturer's assurances and calculations proving the effectiveness of warm plaster, it is not very often used as the main insulation in residential buildings. Usually, dachas are used with it to eliminate cold bridges, to process window and door openings. It is better to use insulation on the outside, but if this is not possible, it can be applied inside to complement the external thermal insulation.

No. 5. Warm plaster manufacturers

You can save and make warm plaster with your own hands. The most versatile and inexpensive mortar is obtained using perlite or vermiculite. It is necessary to mix 4 parts of vermiculite or perlite and 1 part of dry cement. The thoroughly mixed mixture is diluted with a solution of water with a plasticizer. The latter can be purchased at the store, or you can replace it with PVA glue at the rate of 50-60 g of glue per 10 liters of plaster. The mixture is diluted with a water-adhesive composition and constantly stirred for uniformity. The solution should have a thick consistency. After cooking, he is allowed to brew for 15-20 minutes, and you can start applying the plaster.

No. 7. Applying warm plaster

The process of applying warm plaster is simple and easy to do with your own hands:

• the required amount of solution is prepared;
• the wall is also cleaned for better adhesion, but many builders simply moisten the surface with plain water;
• it is better to carry out plaster on beacons, although some neglect this rule. As lighthouses, an aluminum profile is used, which is fixed with putty, it is allowed to use prepared plaster. The evenness of the exposed beacons is checked by the building level;
  
• modern ready-made compositions of warm plasters make it possible to do without additional reinforcement with a mesh, but when applying a thick layer of insulation and at corners, the use of a mesh is desirable;
• the process of applying warm plaster is not original and identical. The solution is placed on a trowel with a spatula, after which it is applied to the wall with rubbing movements from the bottom up between the beacons. The surface is leveled by the rule;
  
• within 2 hours after application, the solution remains plastic, so flaws are easy to fix. During this period, beacons are removed, the cracks are rubbed with the same solution. If desired, the surface can be treated with a decorative spatula or structural roller to achieve an interesting effect. If a flat surface is needed, then after the plaster has dried, it is necessary to apply a thin leveling layer and smooth it with a plastic float;
  
• the thickness of one layer should not be more than 2 cm, otherwise the plaster will begin to fall off. If it is necessary to apply it in several layers, then after installing the first one, you must wait at least 4 hours. The surface dries completely after 48 hours, then you can proceed to its final finishing. If you need to process a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall, then it is better to use the machine method of applying plaster.

Today, warm plaster is used for, for outside and inside, for insulating facades and ceilings, as well as for sealing cracks and cracks, for processing window slopes. With proper preparation, application and calculation, the composition fully meets expectations.

Plaster intended for facade work must meet the criteria of quality, strength, durability.

Plaster for outdoor decoration is popular precisely because of the increased quality indicators.

In addition, facing materials of this type have a long service life, are produced in a wide range, and also withstand natural influences well.

It happens in different textured options ("", "lamb"), has a different composition (,), and also has certain functions (decorative, heat-insulating). To increase the thermal insulation of the walls, warm plaster is used.

The basis of this type of facade plaster is a dry mix, which includes various plasticizers, glue, cement sand. The main substance in the composition of this material is hollow substances (granulated polystyrene foam, foamed glass particles, sawdust), due to which the plaster has thermal insulation properties.

Plasticizers help maintain the elasticity of the material and resistance to temperature extremes, and prevent cracking.

The polymers that make up the mixture contribute to resistance to mechanical stress.

Insulation of the facade with plaster mixture

Warm facade mixture is much lighter than conventional facing mixtures, but when applying several layers, its weight increases significantly, therefore foundation needs to be reinforced. Like any other material, warm plaster has its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages

The main advantage of this facing material is thermal insulation qualities. The composition helps to preserve the heat of the walls and prevents the ingress of cold air into the room.

In addition, warm plaster:

• easy and quick to apply;
• does not require the use of reinforcing mesh, which reduces costs;
• does not require alignment of the walls;
• has good adhesive properties to any surface;
• when coated, no cold bridges are formed;
• prevents the appearance of rodents;
• the main composition of the mixture is of natural origin;
• frost-resistant;
• possesses vapor-tight properties;
• waterproof;
• has soundproof properties;
• is an environmentally friendly material.

In addition, the facing mixture is durable and does not require special care. Thanks to the insulation with such a composition, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the insulation.

Sectional device

Flaws

The main disadvantage of heat-insulating plaster is the additional design: after its application, the surface should be coated with a primer, and then a decorative coating should be applied.

In addition, the total mass of the material after application has a fairly significant weight.

The cost of warm plaster, which does not require additional coating, is quite high.

Areas of application for warm plaster

Insulated plaster is used not only to decorate the facade of the building, it can also be used:

• for the purpose of sealing cracks;
• for insulation of the walls of the building;
• when sealing joints of floors, as well as for warming floors and ceilings;
• for the purpose of warming the basement of the building;
• when making window slopes, doorways;
• for insulation of sewer risers of cold and hot water supply.

In addition, this mixture is used not only for outdoor decoration, but also for interior work.

Types of warm plaster

Warm plaster is classified according to the composition of the mixture. Thus, it is customary to divide the material into types:

• containing granulated polystyrene foam. Suitable option for facade and outdoor work;
• containing sawdust impurities. The composition of this type includes paper, cement, clay. It is advisable to use such a mixture for interior work;
• containing vermiculite (or perlite). This mixture has good antiseptic properties, it is optimal for use outside.

If the binder in the composition of warm plaster is gypsum, then this mixture is only suitable for interior work.

For external (as well as for internal) work, the most suitable is a mixture, the main component of which is cement.

Preparatory work

Before applying warm plaster to the walls, they should be prepared for work.

For this you need:

• remove protruding elements in the wall: pieces of reinforcement, brick or concrete ledges;
• if there was an old coating on the wall (paint, putty), it should be removed;
• if there is insulating material or sand in the panel joints, everything must be cleaned;
• if there are gaps in the wall, they must be sealed with sealant;
• degrease and clean the surface of the wall from dust;
• treat the wall with a primer liquid.

NOTE!

In order for the adhesion of the mortar to the base to be high, it is recommended that after the primer has dried, apply a thin layer (from 3 to 5 mm) of the mixture.

Complete drying is achieved after 24 hours in dry weather, then you can start applying the main layers of the putty mixture.

Mixture consumption

The consumption of the facing mixture per 1 m² is indicated on the packaging of the material.

Depending on how thick the layer is laid, the amount of material required is determined:

• with a layer thickness of 2.5 cm, the material consumption will be 10 - 14 kg per m²;
• with a layer thickness of 5 cm, the material consumption will be 18 - 25 kg per m².

In addition to material consumption, you can determine its cost per 1 m².

The effectiveness of sound insulation is achieved with a warm layer thickness of 0.5 cm or more. However, the heat-insulating mixture is more often used as a heater, and it is recommended to use fibrous materials to suppress sound.

Do-it-yourself technology for applying warm plaster

For facing work on the facade, you should choose warm, low-wind, dry weather.

The solution should be mixed immediately before application: in the proportion indicated by the manufacturer, dissolve the dry mixture in a large container, mix for several minutes. Then wait ten minutes and mix the composition again to obtain its uniformity.

The prepared mixture retains its properties up to four hours.

warm mix

The solution is applied as follows:

• beacons should be installed at a distance of 50 cm to obtain an even layer;
• it is advisable to first apply the solution with a small spatula, then with a large one. The mixture is applied from the bottom up. After covering a meter - one and a half walls, the applied mortar should be aligned with the rule;
• surplus removed by the rule can be reused;
• after coating beacons should be removed, holes from them - close up with mortar and level the surface.

Despite the plasticity of warm plaster, a thick layer may crack. The recommended layer thickness is two centimeters: this way the mixture will not slide down. Each layer is applied on top of the completely dried previous one, so it will take a sufficient amount of time to complete the coating in several layers.

Reinforcement

If, nevertheless, the thickness of the first layer is 4 cm or more, it is necessary to continue work in sequence:

• the first layer is covered with a reinforcing mesh two hours after its application;
• apply a thin layer of the mixture on the armnet and profile with a notched trowel;
• after 24-48 hours, a second layer of the solution should be applied similarly to the first.

As practice shows, a layer of 5 centimeters is enough to ensure that the result meets the requirements. Such a layer has thermal insulation and other properties inherent in this type of coating.

If the need arises, after the facing coating has completely dried, it is decorated with additional materials( , ). You can decorate the surface with ceramic tiles, granite chips and other decorative facing materials.

Before using them, the dried surface of warm plaster should be covered with a primer.

alignment

Thus, warm plaster is not only an external coating that protects the facade, but also an additional heat-insulating material that can reliably insulate the walls of the building. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of the main insulation layer, as well as decorate the walls with an additional decorative coating.

It will not be difficult to carry out work on applying warm plaster. In addition, this type of coating is well suited to any walls, does not require their additional alignment.

Useful video

Applying warm plaster with your own hands:

In contact with

Warm plaster on the sales market appeared not so long ago. But for some jobs, it will simply not be replaceable.

Today we will consider warm plasters, you will learn their application and instructions will be given on the application rules. Also in the video in this article you can see the range of products offered and be able to make the right choice.

Material types

Types of warm plaster are divided according to the use of the components.

If we look, we can see the following:

• The basis of one of the types of warm plaster is expanded vermiculite., which is a mineral additive obtained as a result of a special heat treatment of a rock of volcanic origin. Vermiculite fillers have antiseptic properties and can be used both indoors and outdoors.
• The basis of the following type of heat-insulating plaster is paper, sawdust, clay and cement. This composition does not allow it to be used outside buildings, but is excellent for indoor use.

To give the building additional thermal insulation, warm plaster is used - a material based on cement and composite materials: expanded vermiculite, perlite sand, pumice powder, polystyrene foam, etc. Depending on the type of such fillers, it can be used both for exterior and interior decoration.

Purpose

Although the thermal insulation properties of this material are higher than those of ordinary plaster, it cannot replace the full insulation of the house with mineral wool or polystyrene foam, but it will be a good addition.

• facade insulation;
• heat and sound insulating material for interior and exterior walls;
• insulation of balconies, verandas, slopes of doors and windows, stairwells, etc.;
• sealing joints of floors, cracks and cracks;
• heat insulator for well masonry;
• material for finishing work in the premises;
• insulation of water supply pipes;
• thermal insulation of floors and ceilings.

How much more effective is such a coating retains heat? Let's compare the main indicators - thermal conductivity coefficients: for a simple cement-sand plaster, it is 0.93 W / m ° C. And the cement-polystyrene foam (Knauf Grunband) already has 0.35 W / m ° C, which is almost three times lower! In gypsum plaster with filler, the thermal conductivity will be even lower, about 0.25 W / m ° C.

Types of thermal insulation solutions

The main difference between warm plaster and ordinary plaster is the replacement of sand in the mixture with more voluminous heat-insulating components. Such mixtures may differ not only in composition, but also in application methods and technical and operational characteristics. We list the main types of such fillers:

The thermal insulation properties of this material will largely depend on the correctness of the work and compliance with the proportions during mixing. Subject to all conditions, you can get not only insulated walls, but also additional sound insulation. In general, plastering with these mixtures does not differ from the usual one, so no special skills are required from the master.