Warm plaster for the facade is an easy way to insulate. Warm plaster - heat-insulating facade Expanded clay warm plaster for the facade

Modern mankind has come up with many different building materials that increase the life of the building, allow you to complete the construction as soon as possible, are resistant to precipitation, while being environmentally friendly and distinguished by aesthetic beauty.

One of these materials is warm plaster for the facade. This is a modern material that has appeared on the building materials market recently and has already gained popularity due to its characteristics. Possesses the raised indicators at thermal preservation already in finished form.
In this article, we will consider what warm plaster for a facade is, how it is applied to the surface and what characteristics it has.

Application of warm plaster on the facade of the house

What is warm plaster for facades made of?

The whole secret of its effectiveness lies precisely in the composition from which this material is made. It includes substances that are characterized by low heat conductivity.

Plaster is made from the following substances:

sawdust;
expanded clay crumb;
pumice and others.

Most often, in the manufacture of this plaster, a substance such as expanded polystyrene is used. This is a very cheap substance, but, nevertheless, it has excellent qualities that allow you to keep the heat in the room as much as possible.

Styrofoam used in plaster for better effect

It is also used not only for external work, but also for internal work, thereby ensuring a stable temperature in the house without sudden changes.

It is made from traditional materials such as cement, lime, as well as some other additives that allow you to get excellent results in practice.

An even more traditional material for the manufacture of warm plaster for facades is sawdust, which forms the basis, in addition to them, it also contains paper, cement and clay. Thus, as we can observe, it is a very simple material that is environmentally friendly. It is also used in addition to external, also in internal works, in which it is used even more often, since its composition is such that it sufficiently feels the effect of water. Therefore, its use is quite rare for facades, but it also comes across.

This type of warm plaster is very sensitive to the effects of fungi, it dries for a long time.

Another type of warm plaster for facades is with vermiculite in the composition. This rock is characterized by high hardness and is very successfully used for insulation of facades.

Experts note that there are materials that better protect against cold and retain heat, but the main advantage is the cheapness of the material.

Vermiculite is used in plaster for better insulation of the house and comes in packaging of different volumes.

Warm plaster for facades still perfectly retains heat. It is also often used in addition to warm plaster for the facade, as well as insulation inside. Combined, this gives very good results, allowing your home to lose less heat and be less affected by cold, gusty winds.

In addition, foam insulation is also used, the layer of which should be at least 10 centimeters. Only in such conditions the house will be very warm. And the walls of the house should be made of brick or reinforced concrete. This is the only way to ensure maximum heat savings.

If you use only warm plaster for the facade, then its layer should be about 20 centimeters.

Most often, warm plaster is used, the layer of which does not exceed four centimeters. This creates conditions when the house is only slightly insulated, but the problem is not completely solved. If you use a layer of warm plaster for facades more than five centimeters, then it will be very heavy and may eventually fall off under its own weight.

To understand how much weight warm plaster for facades can have, then a layer of only two centimeters on an area of \u200b\u200bone square meter weighs about twelve kilograms.

When to apply warm plaster for facades

When and where is plaster applied:

as an additional insulation of the house, as well as protection from external noise, with which plaster does an excellent job;
in addition, you can insulate the floor and ceiling in your house;
you can also insulate windows, doors and door slopes;
insulate joints;
close up engineering communications, pipes and pipelines, wiring.

The application process is not difficult and does not require huge efforts, so almost everyone can insulate the house with warm plaster for facades.

How to insulate a house with warm plaster for facades

The whole process of work does not require any special tools and devices. To do this, you will need the most common trowels, levels and spatulas.

Before applying plaster to the wall, you must first prepare the surface. This means that you need to remove everything that is not firmly fixed, you need to knock down the rattling plaster, which can fall off under the pressure of the plaster, which, as we have already seen, weighs quite a lot and collapse the entire structure, so this work is very important. Walls need to be primed.

Before proceeding with the actual process of applying to the walls, the plaster must be kneaded, for this you need to add water to the container and pour the plaster according to the manufacturer's instructions, which are indicated on the bag. Mix this mass well with a mixer and let it brew for about five minutes, then mix again. The mass must be homogeneous, this is very important, because in the future the plaster may not hold very tightly and crumble after a short time. In order to avoid lumps in the plaster, it is necessary to clean the container well after each use, and it is also better to add water while stirring, rather than pouring plaster.

Now that we have warm plaster for facades ready, we can proceed directly to the application process itself. Lighthouses are placed on the walls, the location of which must be leveled. When our lighthouses are in the right place, we apply warm plaster for the facades. For this we need a master.

Each applied layer must be very carefully leveled and smoothed. It must be remembered that you cannot immediately apply a thick layer of plaster, since it can dry out for a very long time and fall off under its own weight or crack.

The maximum thickness of one layer cannot be more than 5 centimeters. And only after a few hours, when this layer dries, you can apply a new one. When applying plaster for facades, one should not forget that fixing beacons is important, this is, first of all, important when applying thick layers.

It is also important to understand that the warm plaster itself is not the end of the work, because after we finish applying it, it will be necessary to apply a layer of some decorative material on top of it, because when the warm plaster for the facade dries, the view will not very aesthetic and not every self-respecting house owner agrees to have such an appearance of his facade.

Recall that each material has its own purpose, warm plaster has the function of warming the room, but it is not at all suitable for giving an aesthetically beautiful look to the facade of your house. The process of applying this material is quite simple, even if you do not have building experience, then the whole process will not be very difficult, the main thing in this matter is to take it seriously and do everything correctly.

Advantages of warm plaster for facades

Since plaster is made from affordable and common components, its price will be, accordingly, low. Also, a huge advantage over other insulating materials is its environmental friendliness, so you will not have health problems, especially for people suffering from allergic reactions, who are not recommended to use synthetic materials that do not breathe well, thereby creating problems.

Putting on a fur coat in winter, we do not forget about a sweater or a vest. Something similar happens to our houses when, instead of the usual finish, heat-insulating plaster is used, from which it is cooler in the house in the heat, and warmer in the cold.

What is thermal insulation plaster

New building materials that perform a specific task are also being developed in the field of building decoration. The main purpose of using heat-insulating plaster is to ensure a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.175 W / m-K at a bulk density of up to 500 kg / m³. If this condition is not met, the material does not insulate heat sufficiently. Ideally, a plaster coating that retains heat should be analogous to classical facade insulation, that is, it should be strong enough, durable, and fireproof. The developers were able to solve the problem by replacing well-conducting heat fillers with low-heat-conducting components. That is, sand and stone chips in gypsum or cement compositions were replaced by:

expanded vermiculite;
foamed glass;
sawdust;
straw cutting;
perlite, etc.

As a result, various types of warm plasters have been obtained that meet the specified requirements, which differ according to the area of \u200b\u200buse:

warm plaster for interior work;
heat-insulating facade (for outdoor use).

In addition, the compositions were modified, giving additional properties, as a result, heat and sound insulating plaster appeared. This type of finish serves as both an acoustical and thermal insulating screen.

Thermal insulation compounds are used both for rough work (leveling) and for finishing.

Another class of components are modifiers. They are added to increase the lifespan, increase the elasticity of the solution, and prevent cracks during drying. Manufacturers use branded plasticizers when creating mixtures. When making the composition with your own hands, detergents or PVA glue, ready-made modifiers available in hardware stores, microfiber are added to it.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

In order to reduce heat leakage, various materials are used in construction: mineral wool, polystyrene foam, etc. They are laid on the walls from the outside.

Compared with such protection at home, warm compositions have the following advantages:

simple application that a beginner can handle;
the material is highly plastic, they can close hard-to-reach places of structures;
surface leveling is not required;
no special fastening is needed; surface wetting is practiced to improve adhesion;
the use of mesh reinforcement not over the entire area, but at the corners and for repairing cracks;
a high adhesion rate allows you to apply the compositions even on a metal base;
the material is microporous, which makes it breathable, contributing to the drying of the walls;
fire safety of most compositions;
additional benefit - good sound insulation of the insulated room;
resistance to biodefeats;
frost-resistant coating, not afraid of temperature fluctuations;
environmental friendliness;
use of waste for the production of plaster composition (reduction of the polluting load on nature);
does not crack from vibrations and does not change under the influence of UV light;
thin-layer application provides additional insulation when using mineral wool and other heaters.

Warm compositions have their drawbacks:

compositions are more expensive than heaters (taking into account cheaper work and reduced costs for related materials, such as mesh, the cost is comparable);
the increased own weight of the coating with the additional load from the absorbed water requires a strong foundation;
a protective coating is necessary, since porosity contributes to the rapid absorption of moisture (this minus does not have compositions with foam glass and expanded polystyrene);
compositions with organic components (sawdust, straw) are limited in use (indoors only);
the insulation layer is thick, so it dries for a long time;
some fillers are combustible (polystyrene).

Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To make such a calculation, use SNiP 23-02-2003.

Thermal conductivity of plaster - the ability of the material to conduct heat. If the temperature in the room is higher than the street temperature, then when the heating is turned off, the heat “leaves” outside through the walls (35%) and other structures. The intensity of heat loss depends on the area, the thermal conductivity of the wall material, the temperature difference between street and home, and other parameters. To quantify the thermal conductivity of plaster coatings, λ is used - the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the plaster (as far as it is able to conduct thermal radiation through an area of 1m2, a layer 1 m thick with a difference of 1 ° C). For example, for plaster compositions, the value of the coefficient λ in descending order (W / (m * ° C)) is as follows:

cement with sand - 0.93;
cement-lime with sand - 0.87;
lime with sand - 0.81;
clay with sand - 0.69;
gypsum - 0.35;
clay with sawdust - 0.29;
gypsum with perlite - 0.23;
cement with perlite - 0.3.

The coefficient λ \u003d 1 means that the heat loss will be 1 W for a wall thickness of 1 m. If this indicator is not 1 m, but 20 cm, then the heat loss will be 1: 0.2 \u003d 5 W. If the temperature difference is not 1°C, but 6°C, then the losses will be higher: 5 x 6 = 30 W.

To determine the thermal resistance, the formula R = d / λ is used, where λ (taken from the table), d is the thickness of the material.

For example, heat resistance (R) for a foam concrete wall with a thickness of d = 51 cm

R=0.51/0.3=1.7 (m2*°K)/W.

From the table for external walls, they take the standard value of their resistance to heat transfer for the desired region. For example, for Moscow it is equal to 3.28 (m2 * K) / W, which means that the calculated resistance of foam concrete in Moscow is not enough for a house wall. And for Sochi (1.79) too.

With thickness d

R=d/ λ or d=R* λ

Using this formula, we calculate d \u003d Ra * λ \u003d 1.58 * 0.23 \u003d 0.363 m or 363 mm. A plaster coating of this thickness does not suit us, so the use of insulation will be optimal.

For Sochi d = (1.79-1.7) * 0.23 = 0.021 m or 21 mm. In this case, for the Sochi region, the thermal conductivity of plaster (gypsum-perlite) is quite sufficient.

Areas of application for warm plaster

Facade walls are not the only place where warm plaster is used for outdoor work. It insulates plinths, floors and ceilings, closes gaps, insulates sewer risers, as well as water supply risers. In addition, they are used as a heater for garages and other auxiliary buildings.

According to the application, the following varieties are produced:

finishing coatings
for rough finish.

Varieties of heat-insulating mixtures for plastering

Thermal insulation compounds are classified according to the type of binder: gypsum, cement, etc., as well as the type of insulating filler.

straw based

A material used for a long time is insulating clay plaster with straw cut. Straw in clay coating acts as reinforcement and creates voids.

As a result, the plaster coating can have a large thickness without delamination and cracking. It is applied as a draft layer on the wall along the shingles by hand. The coating is breathable, absorbing excess moisture from the air and returning it when the room is dry. Before applying, the walls are moistened or sprayed with clay mash. The main disadvantage is the long drying time. The main plus is a favorable microclimate, cheapness.

Sawdust based plaster

Sawdust has long been used to insulate homes. They were filled with rubble, ceilings. They were added to clay and lime mixtures for plastering walls. Sawdust retains heat better than wooden beams, since the coefficient of thermal conductivity of sawdust is 0.06 - 0.07 W / (m2 ° C), and wood - 0.18. In terms of heat retention, sawdust is much closer to foam.

Compositions with sawdust can have a different mineral base - clay, gypsum (Armenian plaster: 3 hours of gypsum, 1 hour of sawdust), cement and lime. The main application is indoors. Before mixing the composition, the sawdust is sifted through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 5 mm.

Polystyrene as a filler

A variety of polystyrene - expanded polystyrene - is used for various purposes, for example, as a filler for anti-stress toys, upholstered furniture, pillows for sleeping. The material is ultra-light (up to 98% air), does not absorb water, is not food for microorganisms. It is used in cement screeds for floor insulation (1:4:4 - cement / polystyrene granules / sand), as well as a heat-insulating leveling layer (1:3) laid under the screed.

Plaster mixtures with polystyrene are used for work on facades and indoors. Produced on the basis of cement or cement with lime. Although they do not burn, they can release toxic substances when ignited.

Stucco mixture with the addition of foamed glass

Small glass balls (up to 2 mm), which contain air bubbles that are not afraid of water, are perfect for use as a filler for warm facade plasters. Such compositions are easy to fit, retain heat well, do not get wet.

Mixtures based on perlite, vermiculite and expanded clay

Upon contact of volcanic lava, frozen on the ground, with water, obsidian hydroxide is formed - porous rounded granules that look like pearls. Because of this, the hydroxide is called perlite. The granules have a high porosity, which reaches 40%, they are able to absorb water 4 times more than they weigh themselves (hygroscopicity is a disadvantage of such mixtures). For plaster composition (external and internal use), expanded perlite is more often used.

The mineral group of hydromicas contains vermiculite, which consists of small exfoliating flakes of a brownish-golden color. Vermiculite swells when heated and fills with air. It is used in light concrete compositions and warm plaster mixes. Has antiseptic properties. Perlite and vermiculite absorb odors and water well, so they need finishing plastering.

Expanded clay granules (crumb) are produced by firing some low-melting grades of clay. During firing, light, poorly heat-conducting granules of various sizes are formed. For warm facade plaster, granules up to 5 mm in diameter are used.

Basic rules for applying warm plaster

To make a really heat-insulating plaster screen, you need to follow certain rules:

It is important to prepare the base well.
To knead the dry mix (SS), the amount of water is taken following the instructions.
In a large container, the entire volume contained in the package is mixed with water, so it is guaranteed that in each serving there will be the necessary proportion of the components.
SS is poured into the poured water, trying not to dust. The mixture is stirred for 5 minutes with a mixer at slow speeds (the areas close to the sides and to the bottom are treated). Then give the solution 5 minutes to "ripen" and mix for another 2 - 3 minutes.
Work quickly, trying to work out all the solution before the end of the life. A mortar that has begun to set for application to the wall is unsuitable.
Work is carried out at temperatures above +5°C, below +30°C. Drafts, direct exposure to sunlight and rain are unacceptable. During facade work, a canopy is made.
Before plastering, de-energize sockets and switches.
Goggles are used to protect the eyes.
Used beacons are removed after application of the solution. You can’t leave them in the wall, as they serve as cold bridges.
The use of primers is necessary to ensure adhesion sufficient to hold the strong plaster coating on the wall.
The insulation layer should be no thicker than 25 mm. If a greater thickness is required, several layers are applied intermittently to dry. The surface of the overlapped layers is not smoothed for better adhesion.

Making warm plaster with your own hands

The commercially available SSs are not cheap. There is an alternative. Masters prefer to create solutions of warm plaster with their own hands. All components can be purchased almost for free. Clay or lime can be used as a natural plasticizer. Liquid soap is also suitable, which is added at the rate of 2 - 3 tablespoons per 20 liters of the mixture. In the store you can buy a product for hydrophobization (use according to the instructions).

We offer you several recipes for compositions for thermal insulation.

Recipe 1. Mix for facades:

1 part - cement from M400;
1 part - expanded polystyrene 1 - 3 mm;
3 parts perlite;
50 g - polypropylene fiber;
plasticizer (add according to instructions).

Dry components are mixed and water is added so much that the solution has a paste-like consistency and does not drain from the trowel.

Recipe 2. Mix for rooms:

1 part - white cement M400;
4 parts - filler (vermiculite or perlite);
50 g / bucket of cement - PVA glue or factory plasticizer (adhere to the proportion recommended by the manufacturer);
water.

Recipe 3. Thermal insulation from perlite-sand mixture:

1 volume part of cement;
1 part sand;
4 parts perlite.

Recipe 4. Warm composition with sawdust and paper (for rooms and facades):

1 part - cement;
2 parts - paper pulp, soaked in porridge;
3 parts - sawdust;
water.

Recipe 5. Lime-sawdust composition:

1 part sawdust;
10 - 15 parts of dry slaked lime;
Water.

Lime is a strong biocidal agent, which is not attacked by rodents, mold and fungus. Quicklime cannot be used with sawdust, as a lot of heat is released during mixing. The solution has a short life, so you need to work out quickly. Dry components are mixed, then cement or other binder is added (if desired). Water is added last.

Recipe 6. Clay with sawdust and straw (for walls):

1 hour - clay;
2h. - sawdust (or sawdust with straw).

For ceilings and floors, the proportion is 1:10. The solution does not have a shelf life, as water is simply added if necessary.

Video on the preparation and application of warm plaster

Preparatory work

First of all, the wall must be prepared accordingly. The surface is cleaned from the old exfoliated coating, dust-free and coated with a primer. They also neutralize oil stains, remove old wallpaper and paint layers. Decontaminate pockets of mold and decay. Repair cracks and potholes. Shingles are nailed to wooden surfaces, or a mesh is attached. Lighthouses are installed along the plumb line.

Do-it-yourself technology for applying warm plaster

Finish coat

The wall is moistened with a spray bottle.
The solution is applied in a layer up to 1 cm with a trowel or spatula, pressing the mortar mass against the wall to increase adhesion. This primary layer is not smoothed down. With a large thickness of the coating, a recessed reinforcing mesh is applied to this layer.
The second and subsequent main layers (primer) are applied up to 2.5 cm thick. They are leveled (not trying to make them smooth) with a grater.
When the total thickness of the coating reaches 4 cm, a second reinforcing mesh is applied. The edges of the mesh sheets are overlapped with an overlap of 10 cm.
When filling the entire volume between the beacons, the surface of the upper layer is leveled by the rule.
After setting the top layer, the beacons are removed, the remaining grooves are filled with mortar.
After the solutions have completely dried, a finishing finish is applied over the rough coating.

Mixture consumption

As a rule, the manufacturer on the packaging reports the average consumption of a centimeter layer of composition per 1 m2. The consumption of the mixture is calculated based on the intended thickness of the plaster coating. The following flow rates correspond to standard volumes:

for 1m2 with a layer of 2.5 cm you will need 10 - 14 kg;
the same square 5 cm thick will take 18 - 25 kg.

Reinforcement works

The reinforcing plaster layer is intended for internal strengthening of a thick coating, applying it to the facade insulation, at the joints of layers with different shrinkage characteristics, as well as in the case of plastering a building until its shrinkage is completed. For example, a reinforcing layer is made where part of the wall is made of gas silicate blocks, and part is made of bricks. This section of the plaster coating must be reinforced without fail. It is carried out with a plastic or fiberglass mesh, which has sufficient strength and is not afraid of the internal alkaline environment of the insulating plaster coating. Reinforcement work is carried out inside the solution. A layer of the mixture is applied on the ceilings and walls, then the grid is laid out and recessed. On the walls of the facade on top of the insulation, the work of reinforcing is slightly different. First, a solution is applied with strokes, then a mesh is attached, and then plastered. They work with spatulas and semi-trowels. When the layer dries, the next one is applied on top of it in the usual way.

Manufacturers and prices

The list of companies and the heat-insulating mixtures they produce is long. Of the most popular:

Umka UB-21 (Ekotermogroup company) is a warm plaster made of lime, cement, sand and foam glass for the northern regions, which needs finishing. Up to 10 cm is applied with reinforcement. Other warming mixtures are UB-212, UF-2.

Cement Knauf Grűnband is made with polystyrene foam. Permissible layer - up to 30 mm.
Unis Teplon has a gypsum-perlite composition that does not require finishing.
Au Benputz Perlit based on Portland cement with perlite filler. Not without a finishing touch.
Cement mix Teplolux DeLuxe retains heat with the help of foam glass. Also not final.
Thermo Um is universal - it is used for facades and rooms. The mixture is hygroscopic.

The prices are different. On average, the price of 1 kg of dry mix is in the range of 11 - 21 rubles.

As practice shows, for the main areas of our country, heat-insulating plaster is not yet a panacea. However, its use allows not only to reduce heat loss, but also to reduce the noise level in the premises. For the southern regions, it is an excellent option for warming houses.

Warmth in the house is one of the most important factors that you should pay attention to when building a room. Heat loss can be minimized in various ways. Today, more and more often, special warm plasters are used for this. They are applied only from the inside, which allows you to further align the walls for further finishing.

Peculiarities

Warm plaster is a mixture based on cement, the main task of which is to keep the heat inside the room. Classic sand-based solutions are characterized by high heat loss. To increase thermal insulation, various fillers are added to the composition of plasters that can create a porous structure.

Today, in production, these products are made from such substances:

expanded clay;
perlite;
sawdust;
expanded polystyrene.

Plasters of this type have several positive features:

Ease of application. The wall covering technology practically does not differ from the classic plastering with cement mixtures.
Versatility. With the help of plaster, not only heat loss is reduced, but also the walls are leveled for decorative finishing.
Vapor permeability. Substances pass moisture well, which allows you to create an optimal microclimate inside the house.
No cold bridges.

Good adhesion to various types of surfaces. This allows you to finish almost all walls with minimal cost and effort. On some substrates, plasters can be applied even without prior priming.
Good soundproofing. The compositions absorb sound waves of various ranges well. But if they are affected by vibration, then they are not able to hide such noise.
Plasters are not damaged by rodents, and mold and other harmful microorganisms do not develop in them.

Warm compounds do not differ in versatility, as they have several significant drawbacks:

High price. It is quite expensive to purchase such compositions in large volumes, which makes people look for alternative insulation options.
Low coefficient of thermal conductivity. This indicator for plasters is much inferior to the value for such heaters as mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam.
The maximum thickness of the plaster cannot exceed 5 cm. If this value is increased, then the composition will peel off very quickly after hardening.
Relatively high density. Although the composition includes relatively light materials, after application to the walls, they can still create a significant load on the surface.
Almost all types of plaster mixtures after application should be covered with additional protective solutions. In most cases, puttying with various compounds (based on gypsum or cement) is used for this.

Kinds

Modern manufacturers present many types of warm plasters. Depending on the composition and presence of the main component, the following types of mixtures can be distinguished:

Expanded breeds. The most common type of heat-saving plasters. They are obtained in the process of high-temperature processing of various types of mineral fillers. Today, expanded clay chips, vermiculite and perlite are increasingly used for this. These products can be used both inside and outside buildings. But the latter option requires additional processing (reinforcement, finishing), since water will penetrate into the rooms through the pores, violating the structure of the finishing materials.

Polystyrene compositions. Plasters on a similar basis also receive unique protective properties. But experts recommend using them only for external walls. This is due to the fact that the material is not environmentally friendly, so it is undesirable inside residential premises.
Foam glass plaster. The filler is obtained from waste glass or directly from quartz sand. All these components melt and are amenable to sequential foaming, which allows achieving unique technical parameters. Stucco mixtures based on foam glass are distinguished by their low weight and good heat retention performance.

This material is environmentally friendly and safe, since it does not emit any harmful substances at all (even when heated). Therefore, such a substance is one of the leaders in the manufacture of heat-saving plasters.

Wood sawdust. The material is quite often used in industrial production. It is also used by many craftsmen for the preparation of warm plasters. Compositions based on sawdust have unique heat-saving characteristics, and are also completely safe for human health. But with strong heating, sawdust can begin to smolder.

It should be noted that warm plasters are not a universal insulation, as they are not able to replace classic materials. But if you need to improve the thermal insulation properties of wall surfaces, then it will be the best solution.

Application area

Warm plasters are the name of a class of mixtures that can increase the thermal insulation of a surface. This has led to such a wide distribution of this product in the modern market.

Use similar compositions to solve several problems:

Alignment and insulation of facades. Theoretically, various heat-insulating plasters can be applied outside the building. But some of them can withstand changes in temperature and humidity, while others should be additionally covered with a protective layer. Therefore, the use of such materials outside is limited to only a few varieties.
Alignment and thermal insulation of internal walls. Almost all types of plasters are suitable for such purposes. Some of them are able to change not only the heat-insulating properties, but also give a decorative effect.

Insulation of structures that were built according to the principle of "well masonry". Insulating plaster is used here to fill the voids that have formed in the wall structure.
Protection of sewerage or water supply from exposure to low temperatures. In most cases, they are used in places where pipes adjoin the house. Works of this type require preliminary planning and the creation of protective frames.
Insulation of door or window slopes. Insulating plaster prevents the occurrence of cold bridges. This avoids condensation.
Thermal insulation of ceiling or floor surfaces. But such use of them is relatively rare, as users prefer classic heaters and approaches.

Application technology

Warm plasters are practically no different from classic mixtures.

The plastering process can be divided into several successive steps:

Surface preparation. This type of plaster should only be applied to clean and even walls. It is desirable that they do not have cracks or other physical damage. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to eliminate the gaps with cement mortars.
Padding. This operation is optional for many mixtures. It is advisable to clarify this fact before using solutions. But experts recommend almost always covering the walls with deep penetration primers. They will not only strengthen the wall, but also remove dust from its surface.
Solution preparation. All components should be mixed only in exact proportions. Experts recommend kneading the entire package at once, as the components in it may be distributed unevenly.

The mixing of the masonry mortar is carried out with a construction mixer. Please note that this should not be done at high speeds. It is advisable to add dry mixture to water, and not vice versa. Thus, you can get a uniform and high-quality plaster. To check if the mixture is ready, you need to type it on a spatula and turn it over. In this position, it should not fall.

Installation of beacons. These elements are located around the perimeter of the walls. They allow you to achieve a perfectly flat surface.
Plastering. The composition is applied with a wide spatula between the beacons. Experts recommend starting work from the bottom and moving up. The solution is distributed in an even layer. When the area between adjacent beacons is filled, you can start leveling. To do this, the mixture is shifted by a long rule, while leaning on the supports.
When the plaster hardens a little, you need to remove the beacons and fill these places with a liquid composition. At the very end, the final alignment is carried out.

Manufacturers

Warm plasters differ in composition, which affects their physical properties. Today, many manufacturers of cement mortars produce various products. Among all this diversity, there are several popular brands of warm plasters:

Knauf Grunband- one of the most famous types of plasters. It is made on the basis of polystyrene foam filler. The fraction of balls does not exceed the size of 1.5 mm. The manufacturer also adds various types of plasticizers and water-repellent additives. After hardening, the top layer of plaster forms a unique decorative surface. Subsequently, it can be painted with special paints that will protect the surface from climatic influences. It is not recommended for indoor use. To obtain optimal thermal insulation performance, the solution should be applied in a layer with a thickness of at least 1 cm, but not more than 3 cm.

UMKA UB-21 ТМ. Universal heat-insulating plasters that perfectly withstand significant temperature changes. The applied layer of substance is able to endure up to 35 winter cycles. It is made on the basis of a cement-lime mixture with the addition of foam glass. The product can be applied to almost any mineral substrate. Great for any kind of work. The materials also repel water quite well, which allows you to protect the main surface from its effects. Another advantage can be considered the quality indicators of sound insulation. But if you use it for interior walls, then the surface after hardening will need to be additionally covered with special putties.

"Bear"- Another good variety of solutions of domestic production. According to customer reviews, it tolerates frosty winters well. The advantages of products include low thermal conductivity. It is universal, as it can be used in various temperature conditions.
HAGAst AuBenputzPerlit FS-402. The main constituent elements here are cement and perlite sand. Compositions are intended for processing cellular concrete and gas silicate blocks. But they are also suitable for brick and wood concrete. The only drawback can be considered the inability of the plaster to withstand external influences. Therefore, it should be additionally putty with protective solutions.

Heat-insulating plaster contains a cement-sand mixture and fillers that provide thermal insulation. This building material has recently appeared on the domestic market. It is mainly used to create additional thermal insulation. The main advantages of the mixture: ease of use, strength, the ability to apply on different surfaces.

Compared to other materials, it has low thermal conductivity. The basis of ordinary plaster is sand. In thermal insulation, there are components that reduce its density and provide the proper level of thermal insulation. At the heart of the building material there are astringent components, the most common of which are gypsum, cement and lime.

The mixture is used for various purposes. Warm plaster for outdoor use has a special composition: components that improve hygroscopicity are added to it. Gypsum and lime options are used for interior work. The universal remedy contains cement. Compositions of this type can be used for both exterior and interior decoration. Heat-insulating plaster for interior work, as well as a universal composition, are available in the form of powders. They are diluted with water before use. Some builders prepare loose mix themselves. However, it is recommended to purchase it from a reliable manufacturer.

Warming is provided due to the content of large additives in the product (they can be porous) and special fillers, which are most often used as sand, sawdust and glass.

Heat-insulating plaster includes water-repellent additives that release air. Antiseptic elements, plasticizers act as additional components. They are needed in order for the mixture to retain its properties.

Tests have shown that if the mixture is applied in a layer of 6 cm, thermal insulation will be provided as from two layers of brick. If the winter is frosty, you should pay attention to this product. The mixture is applied to materials that allow cold to pass through. It can be used to seal gaps left after tile installation.

Advantages and disadvantages

Warm plaster has several advantages:

Like any building material, the mixture has some disadvantages:

Filler Options

Various elements are used in the composition of building materials.

Preparing the mixture

The mixture bought in the store must be diluted with water in accordance with the instructions. It is not recommended to use the entire composition at one time, as in this case it will not be possible to obtain the correct consistency. It is necessary to mix the mass thoroughly, leave for 4 minutes. During this time, she will "ripen". Experienced craftsmen prepare warm plaster in this way: they take 4 kg of vermiculite and mix it with 1 kg of cement powder. The solution should be thick. After cooking, it is kept for 15 minutes.

The principle of applying building materials

First of all, you need to clean the surface, then prepare a solution of the correct consistency. The mixture is applied to a moistened surface, so it lays down better. The walls are plastered on lighthouses. As such, fixed metal profiles are used. To check the evenness, a building level is used. If the composition is applied in a thick layer, a reinforcing mesh must be used.

A handful of the mixture is put on a spatula, rubbed into the wall from top to bottom, then the surface is leveled. The composition retains plasticity for 2 hours, during which time irregularities can be corrected. Next, you need to remove the beacons, and the same composition is used to grout the cracks. To level the surface, you can use a special grater. If multiple coats are to be applied, the time interval between them should be 4 hours. The surface becomes dry after 2 days. After 48 hours, finishing is carried out.

Popular manufacturing companies

The mixture of the trademark "Umka" is universal. It is used for wall decoration outside and inside. Umka interacts with brick, concrete, clay surface. The composition is applied manually or using a machine. The composition of the material contains basalt fiber. Some builders practice applying a layer of 10 cm.

The Knauf mixture is in demand, as polystyrene foam and substances that provide protection against water are added to its composition. The maximum layer should be 2.5 cm.

The composition of the trademark "Mishka" contains foam glass filler. The advantage of the component is that it provides water tightness and fire resistance.

The Houncleaf mixture is used as an additional layer of insulation. It contains components of its own production. "Hawncliff" is resistant to fire and moisture. When using this plaster, it is not necessary to apply a protective layer.

It was worth changing the composition of the usual one a little, as a completely new material appeared - warm plaster. Manufacturers attribute unique qualities to it and declare that the material can be used as an independent one. So what is it Is it true or just another gimmicky marketing ploy? How to choose the right warm plaster for the facade and interior work, how to apply it, and in what cases can the material really be used as a full-fledged heat insulator?

No. 1. Composition of warm plaster

Warm plaster was named due to its low thermal conductivity compared to conventional plaster compositions. Similar results were achieved by replacing the usual with special heat-insulating additives.

The composition of warm plaster includes such components:

Material is usually supplied as a dry mix and must be diluted with water before application. Craftsmen prepare warm plaster on their own, but the composition “works” in any case according to one principle: heat-insulating additives, together with air bubbles, create a powerful barrier to cold. Tests show that a layer of warm plaster of 5 cm is equivalent in terms of thermal insulation to a wall of two.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of the material is about 0.063 W / m * 0 C. This indicator is somewhat worse than that of extruded polystyrene foam and even, which introduces some features into its application. In regions with cold winters, warm plaster cannot be used as independent thermal insulation - it is usually applied as an additional layer of insulation and plays a crucial role in eliminating the "cold bridges" that occur during the installation of tile and roll insulation. In areas with mild winters, warm plaster may even be used as the only thermal insulation material, but much depends on the thickness and material of the walls. In the future, we will check all this in the calculations.

No. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of warm plaster

Warm plaster has become widespread due to its significant benefits:

Now oh shortcomings:

Number 3. Types of warm plaster fillers

The type of filler strongly influences the properties and scope of use of warm plaster. The following materials can be used:

sawdust. The composition of sawdust warm plaster, in addition to sawdust itself, also includes clay, paper and cement. The use of components so “gentle” and sensitive to negative environmental factors does not allow the composition to be used for facade insulation, but such warm plaster is excellent for interior work, especially since it can even be applied to a wooden base. Internal thermal insulation will improve efficiency;
crushed perlite obtained from obsidian, which swells during high-temperature processing with the formation of a mass of air bubbles inside, which increases the thermal insulation properties of the material. The only negative is the increased hygroscopicity, so such plaster needs reliable waterproofing;
expanded vermiculite obtained from mica, the material withstands a wide temperature range, has antiseptic properties, is light in weight, absolutely resistant to fire, can be used for exterior and interior decoration, but, like perlite, it is afraid of moisture, therefore it requires enhanced protection;
balls from foam glass obtained from foamed quartz sand. This is the most preferred material for filling warm plaster, as it is not afraid of moisture, fire, has good thermal insulation properties, can be used for facade and interior work, does not shrink;
as mineral aggregates, in addition to vermiculite, perlite and foam glass, they are also used expanded clay chips and pumice powder. These materials cannot boast of high moisture resistance and are inferior to analogues in many other qualities, therefore they are used infrequently;
polystyrene foam used in warm plasters together with cement, lime and some other additives. These are relatively inexpensive compounds for universal use, but due to the flammability of polystyrene foam, they are not used so often. In addition, the surface of the plaster comes out too soft, so it requires mandatory finishing.

No. 4. Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To determine whether warm plaster can be used as an independent insulation, you will have to perform a simple calculation, taking into account the region where the house is located, the thickness and material of the walls:

the calculation begins with the determination of the value normalized resistance to heat transfer of the outer walls of the house. This is a tabular value, predetermined by regulatory documents (for Russia - SNiP 23-02-2003). For Moscow, according to the table, this value is 3.28 m 2 * 0 C / W, for Krasnodar - 2.44 m 2 * 0 C / W;
define resistance to heat transfer of the walls of the house, for which we need to divide the wall thickness by the thermal conductivity of the material. Let's do the calculation for two houses. One is located in Moscow and is built from, the wall thickness is 0.5 m, the thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.58 W / m 0 C, therefore the heat transfer resistance is 0.86 m 2 * 0 C / W. The second house is located in Krasnodar and is built from D600, the wall thickness is 0.4 m, the thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.22 W / m 0 C, the heat transfer resistance is 1.82 m 2 * 0 C / W;
calculation additional insulation. For a house in Moscow, this is (3.28-0.86) \u003d 2.42 W / m 0 C. For a house in Krasnodar (2.44-1.82) \u003d 0.62 W / m 0 C;
calculation layer of warm plaster, its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.063 W / m * 0 С (maybe a little more - depends on the composition and manufacturer). For a house in Moscow 0.063 * 2.42 = 0.15 m, for a house in Krasnodar 0.063 * 0.62 = 0.04 m. Since it is better not to apply warm plaster with a layer of more than 5 cm, and its weight is decent, then for a Moscow house, it is better to look for another option for insulation, and warm plaster can be used in addition. For a house in Krasnodar, warm plaster can be used as an independent insulation.

A more accurate calculation can be carried out if we take into account the heat transfer resistance of all finishing wall materials, as well as take into account the number and size of windows and a lot of other parameters. It is easier to do this in special construction calculators, but you can already understand whether it is worth considering warm plaster as an independent heater from the above calculation.

Despite the manufacturer's assurances and calculations proving the effectiveness of warm plaster, it is not very often used as the main insulation in residential buildings. Usually, dachas are used with it to eliminate cold bridges, to process window and door openings. It is better to use insulation on the outside, but if this is not possible, it can be applied inside to complement the external thermal insulation.

No. 5. Warm plaster manufacturers

You can save and make warm plaster with your own hands. The most versatile and inexpensive mortar is obtained using perlite or vermiculite. It is necessary to mix 4 parts of vermiculite or perlite and 1 part of dry cement. The thoroughly mixed mixture is diluted with a solution of water with a plasticizer. The latter can be purchased at the store, or you can replace it with PVA glue at the rate of 50-60 g of glue per 10 liters of plaster. The mixture is diluted with a water-adhesive composition and constantly stirred for uniformity. The solution should have a thick consistency. After cooking, he is allowed to brew for 15-20 minutes, and you can start applying the plaster.

No. 7. Applying warm plaster

The process of applying warm plaster is simple and easy to do with your own hands:

the required amount of solution is prepared;
the wall is also cleaned for better adhesion, but many builders simply moisten the surface with plain water;
it is better to carry out plaster on beacons, although some neglect this rule. As lighthouses, an aluminum profile is used, which is fixed with putty, it is allowed to use prepared plaster. The evenness of the exposed beacons is checked by the building level;
modern ready-made compositions of warm plasters make it possible to do without additional reinforcement with a mesh, but when applying a thick layer of insulation and at corners, the use of a mesh is desirable;
the process of applying warm plaster is not original and identical. The solution is placed on a trowel with a spatula, after which it is applied to the wall with rubbing movements from the bottom up between the beacons. The surface is leveled by the rule;
within 2 hours after application, the solution remains plastic, so flaws are easy to fix. During this period, beacons are removed, the cracks are rubbed with the same solution. If desired, the surface can be treated with a decorative spatula or structural roller to achieve an interesting effect. If a flat surface is needed, then after the plaster has dried, it is necessary to apply a thin leveling layer and smooth it with a plastic float;
the thickness of one layer should not be more than 2 cm, otherwise the plaster will begin to fall off. If it is necessary to apply it in several layers, then after installing the first one, you must wait at least 4 hours. The surface dries completely after 48 hours, then you can proceed to its final finishing. If you need to process a large area of \u200b\u200bthe wall, then it is better to use the machine method of applying plaster.

Today, warm plaster is used for, for outside and inside, for insulating facades and ceilings, as well as for sealing cracks and cracks, for processing window slopes. With proper preparation, application and calculation, the composition fully meets expectations.