Plastering the walls with your own hands outside the house. The technology of finishing the facade of a private house with plaster on silicate bricks and other materials. Surface types suitable for plastering

Each residential building or technical room needs an exterior decorative finish, since this not only gives the building a pleasant appearance, but also protects the load-bearing walls from the effects of destructive environmental factors.

Plastering the walls of the house outside has already become commonplace, every year new finishing materials appear at an affordable price and their use becomes easy and does not require special practical skills.

The plaster prevents the penetration of moisture into the room and negates the formation of mold and various pathogenic fungi. Also, this layer serves as additional sound and thermal insulation, which significantly reduces the cost of space heating.

Plaster mortar is a special building mixture, which consists of binders and filler.

The price of the finished mixture depends on the filler used, which can be:

gypsum;
cement;
river sand;
lime.

The mixture is also used for sealing construction joints between concrete floor slabs and for leveling any kind of surface.

Types of external plaster

In the vast majority of cases, the plastering of the walls on the outside is carried out using a special decorative composition, which can be applied both on the base layer and on top of the installed insulation.

Various natural or synthetic dyes can be added to such mixtures to obtain the desired color, or bulk components to create texture when applied to the surface.

Before deciding how to plaster exterior walls, it is necessary to superficially study the physical properties of different types of mortars in order to choose the mixture that suits you.

In modern construction, several types of decorative mixtures are used, which, according to their chemical composition, are conventionally divided into:

silicate mixtures;
polymeric;
silicone;
mineral;
homemade mixes.

Silicate solutions are made in liquid form and immediately after opening the container are ready for use. However, the disadvantage of such plasters is a limited set of colors.
Silicate mixtures must be used up immediately, since they can no longer be stored after opening the container. This type of plaster provides waterproofing and is resistant to mechanical damage.

Plastering of the outer walls of the house, which are constantly exposed to the sun and high temperatures, is usually done with polymer mixtures.
They may include various synthetic resins, such as:

polyvinyl acetate;
acrylic-styrene;
acrylic dispersion;
epoxy;
polyurethane.

Note!
These plaster mixtures are well combined with almost any kind of substrates, are resistant to ultraviolet radiation and withstand high temperatures up to 90 degrees.
The main advantages of such plasters are durability, but their price is an order of magnitude higher than analogues.

Silicone mixtures, as well as polymeric ones, are resistant to sunlight and mechanical stress. They have a long service life, are stored for a long time and provide good waterproofing.

Mineral mixtures are made in dry form on the basis of cement. To work, it is enough to dilute the mixture with water to the desired consistency and you can get to work. Mineral plasters do not support combustion, provide a breathable surface and their price is affordable for everyone.
Among the shortcomings can be noted low elasticity, and poor adhesion, which requires additional preparation of the base. Everyone can prepare such a finishing solution with their own hands, in the presence of river sand and cement.

All types of mixtures described may contain:

polymer granules to improve thermal insulation;
small crumbs of marble, granite or quartz for decoration;
glass sand to create shine in the sun;
crushed stone of fine fraction to create a unique texture.

Surface preparation

Before you plaster the outer walls with your own hands with any kind of mixture, you need to prepare the base.

The surface to be cut must be:

as even as possible, with closed cracks and, if necessary, in advance;

have a solid base so that the plaster layer does not fall off along with part of the base;
clean and dry, this will ensure good adhesion of the mixture to the surface;
have a positive temperature, since the mixture will not stick to the frozen base or fall off the wall when thawed.

brick wall decoration

On surfaces made of different materials, the technology of plastering exterior walls is almost the same, with the exception of some minor nuances. Before applying the mortar, masonry walls must be moistened with a spray gun or a wide paint brush.

The seams between the bricks must be cut to a depth of 1-1.5 cm for reliable adhesion of the plaster layer. If a thick layer is needed, then the guide beacons are first leveled, the mixture is applied in equal portions from the bottom up and leveled with. Finishing plaster is applied after the base layer has completely dried.

Tip: If beacons are not required and the mixture is applied in a thin layer, then this is done using a wide one.
For a thin layer, the surface can not be wetted and the seams between the bricks can not be selected, but it is necessary to impregnate the surface twice with a primer and wait until it dries completely.

For better adhesion of the mixture to the surface when applying a thin layer, do-it-yourself plastering of external walls is carried out using a special plaster mesh, which is applied to the wall to be treated and fixed with dowels.

Concrete wall decoration

Walls made of concrete or aerated concrete have special requirements for the finishing process, which you need to know before properly plastering exterior walls with such a base.

The strength of the selected plaster should be less than the strength of the base, this will prevent the formation of layer stress at the joints of the base. The mixture should provide good breathing of the wall, since concrete has the ability to accumulate moisture and give it away. Vapor permeability protects against the formation of fungi and condensate.

The decorative mixture should be applied only on the main layer of plaster, the thickness of which should be from 10 to 50 mm. The main layer, before applying the decorative one, must be primed or finished with a mounting grid installed on a liquid base (photo).

At high temperatures outside, the layer must be moistened periodically for uniform drying, because under the influence of the sun or heat, the outer layer dries faster than the inner one and cracks may appear as a result.

Conclusion

Having studied the above material, you now know how to plaster the walls from the outside, taking into account various surfaces and temperature conditions. It is also worth considering that each type of decorative solution has its own characteristics and different methods of application, which should be indicated on the packaging from the manufacturer.

Given these indications and observing the general technology of work, you will be able to independently finish the outer walls of your building without the involvement of third-party specialists. You will be more successful if you watch the video in this article.

When repairs are being made in a newly built house or the reconstruction of an old brick building, it is necessary to start plastering the walls. In the case when the masonry of a new building is made in good conscience from a good material, then you won’t have to prepare the surface for plaster for a long time, you will save your time and effort. All that needs to be done is to precisely set the beacons.

If the house is no longer the first freshness, then you will have to tinker with it. The masonry might not have been perfectly level, which would take time to find the level to which it is necessary to level. If there is a layer of plaster on the wall, then it must be removed. The easiest way to do this is with a hammer and chisel. The mortar in the seams of the old masonry begins to crumble, so they need to be freed from crumbs and sealed with fresh cement mortar.

There is a large selection of mixtures on the market that can be used to plaster a house well inside and out.

If you want to save money, you can prepare a standard cement-sand mortar, in which 1 part of cement and 3 parts of sand. However, such a mixture is not very convenient and requires special skill in working with it.

Traditional cement mortar is practiced for plastering the exterior of the house because the area of the facade is usually large. A layer of plaster protects the façade from the action of rain and snow, makes the house warmer and provides additional fire resistance.

Modern facade materials have many useful properties: sound insulation, moisture protection, heat retention, fire and X-ray protection, and many others. Facade plaster is a finishing material used as the last layer of finishing. It is in direct contact with the street, so it must meet certain requirements:

Resistant to moisture and other weather influences. It should let steam through, but not water. This is necessary to remove accumulated condensate from the facade. In the absence of such an ability, the house will not stand idle for a long time.
Resistance to frost and temperature extremes, compliance with the weather conditions of the place where it is used.
Resistance to physical influences.

The presence of all these features makes it suitable for plastering the facade of the house. Ease of working with it, affordable price and simple preparatory work allow us to conclude that this is an excellent material for plastering street walls.

It is permissible to plaster the wall of the house with different compositions on wooden, brick,
stone, concrete surfaces, including those consisting of:

cement.
Cement and lime.
Lime.
Clay.

Upon completion of the plastering of the facade of the house, they begin to paint and decorate them. There are many types of decorative facade mixtures in stores that allow you to create a good visual effect. They contain in their composition grains of different origin: sand, marble, glass. These particles give expressiveness and make it possible to color in any color with the help of color.

Varieties of plaster

under the rule. Differs in roughness and roughness. For trimming and creating smoothness, a trowel or a rule made of wood of a small length is suitable.
Finishing. Apply it in two layers. Focusing on the installed beacons, a primer layer is made. When it sets, create the final layer.
Lime-cement. High strength. It is usually used when the house outside is heavily influenced by rain, snow and other precipitation.
Fake diamond. They can plaster the outer wall of the basement. After preparation, a soil layer of mortar is sprayed onto the wall, it should be 1.5 cm thick. Masonry joints should be freed from the old mortar to a depth of more than 2 cm to ensure maximum adhesion of the plaster to the brickwork. Any way to achieve bumps on the bricks to increase adhesion. After that, the surface is moistened and begins to be covered with a layer of artificial stone. Its thickness should be approximately 7 mm. After setting, proceed to leveling with an iron roller.
Surface washing. Very easy and affordable way to decorate. The technology is simple. First, a mixture is prepared from cement and small gravel (pebbles can also be used) ranging in size from 3 to 7 mm. The proportions of cement and crushed stone are made equal to 1: 3. 5 hours after applying the solution to the wall, they begin to wash it out. It is produced from a hose with an average water pressure, moving it in a vertical direction. Only cement should be washed out under running water.
mosaic surface. The technology for creating it is as follows: fragments of brick, glass, pebbles are pressed into the unset plaster in one of the ways. The first option involves pressing the pieces separately. For the second option, paper with a printed image is prepared. A mosaic is glued on it. After that, moisten with lime milk and pressed into a soft cement mortar on the wall. After the cement has set, the paper is watered and removed.

How to plaster a house outside

The street walls of the house are exposed to many factors: temperature, atmospheric and others. Plaster can protect them most reliably. Under it, the wall will be protected from water and will become many times more durable.

The facade plastering technology requires the solution to have the following properties: strength, porosity, elasticity and water resistance. It is best to apply the solution to the house in spring or autumn in cloudy weather. Work in the summer period requires the creation of a shelter from mats.

Brickwork must be made wet before work is carried out. Moisten the applied layer with water for up to 3 days. Sun protection is necessary to prevent premature setting of the cement slurry. The technology says that plastering should be done in 3 steps:

Spray a mixture of cement and lime (or just cement) on the wall. Don't skip this important step.
Apply a primer coat.
Apply a top coat.

The first layer has a significant impact on the quality of work. In order for the solution to be applied evenly and level the wall, special beacons are installed. They must be located exactly vertically and horizontally to create a single plane. If the plaster is applied to the house too thick or thin, then there is a risk that it will fall off.

With the use of beacons, the work is carried out as follows:

A solution is stuck between them. This is done with sharp movements. It should adhere well to the wall and fill in all the bumps. Trying to keep the application even.
Leveling is done with a trowel.
Beacons are removed from the plaster solution.
The resulting grooves are sealed with plaster and leveled.
After setting the primer layer, proceed to the application of the covering layer. They operate as a semi-trailer.
Spraying is carried out and mashing is carried out with the help of circular movements.

When the casting is done, the solution is leveled with a grater, producing wave-like movements. Next, you need to remove the excess solution and make a fine alignment. A trowel creates an absolutely flat surface, on top of which a covering layer will lie.

So, external walls can also be plastered, especially when it comes to arranging a bathhouse or other small outbuilding that cannot be finished with special materials.

Brickwork is often plastered, thereby protecting it from destruction. The surface is covered with siding from above, fixing it with the help of profiles. This allows you to achieve a good warming effect.

Plastering exterior walls made of bricks and other materials is not complete without the following types of tools:

Spatulas. It is better to take two - one is larger (6 cm), the other is smaller (8 cm). With the help of a small one, you can work out hard-to-reach areas, and a large one will make the surface of the main area smoother.
Trowel, primer brush. The brush can be synthetic, durable, with a thin pile.
Grater. With its help, you need to carry out several types of manipulations with the wall.
Rule. Useful for creating a smooth surface of the applied plaster.
Level and plumb, beacons. All these devices are needed to ensure the uniformity of the applied layer. The result is measured with a level, and they work with a plumb line and beacons when using plastered material.
Mixer. Necessary for stirring the composition, avoids the appearance of lumps. Mixer - a special mixing attachment for a drill.

You can also prepare a scoop, trowel. These tools will allow you to quickly level the surface of the wall, but you can do without them.

External plastering of brick walls begins with the fastening of beacons. If this step is carried out correctly, you can completely get rid of the need for subsequent leveling of the surface, making it initially even.

Lighthouses consist of a metal profile, a mixture made on the basis of gypsum is used for fixation. With the help of the level, the accuracy of the installation of beacons is determined, and a plumb line is also required for this work. Also, the modern building materials market offers laser systems for faster and easier measurements. An economical option is to attach threads to beacons.

How to fix beacons:

gypsum mixture is being prepared;
small cakes of approximately the same size are formed from the mixture;
each is molded onto the walls at an equal distance;
beacons are applied so that the plaster layer is maximum 2.5 cm (if the plaster is strong and thick, then the maximum limit increases to 4-5 cm).

The plastering of the brick walls outside begins when the beacons, mounted on plaster, dry well.

The mesh, which is attached to the wall before plastering, will help increase the adhesion of materials and increase the strength of the canvas. This will allow in the future to get the opportunity not to redo the entire plaster layer that protects the brick from negative natural factors.

How to plaster a brick wall outside - with a special solution. For this, a cement-based powder is taken. Water is added to it, so that the product becomes ready for use.

The ratio of components and proportions must be respected by those declared by the manufacturer. It is better to mix with a mixer - a nozzle on a drill.

So, consider how to plaster a brick wall:

It is better to start work with the use of a primer. For this, a diluted primer is applied with a brush. If this is not provided for by the budget, then it is enough just to spray the wall well with water.
A thin layer of plaster is applied. A spatula is used to cover the material - it performs both application and leveling of the material.
The layer of plaster cake should be greater than the height of the lighthouse. The cake is leveled at the same level, distributing the product.
After a thin layer, a second, thicker one should be applied, but you need to wait until the first one dries well.
It is better to plaster a brick wall outside with sections that should not exceed 50 cm in length and width.
The rule is used to level the surface. To do this, the rule is set between the beacons and moves up and down.
If there are pits in some places, they are refilled with material and leveled first with a spatula, then with a rule. If there are surpluses, they are removed.

Usually during work on the second, third and subsequent sections, the joints turn out to be slightly uneven. It is better to work on this problem immediately after creating the joint. The material is leveled wet, also the rule without using a spatula is applied for this.

Exterior plastering of the walls of a brick house will be more successful if you work horizontally. That is, the coating should be created in areas located in the form of lines. In this case, checking the "evenness" is much easier, since with the help of the level it will be possible to determine whether there are deformations. This rule is valid due to the elongated area of \u200b\u200bthe walls. Usually the height of those is less, and it is easier to adapt the coating to one width. In addition, with a uniform distribution of beacons, there will be no problems at all.

How to plaster brick walls outside? There are several types of coating options, but it is better to take a cement-based one. Modern manufacturers do not skimp on ideas, but the more intricate the product, the higher its price. Usually, manufacturers attribute this increase in cost to higher product quality, resistance to sunlight, moisture, frost, temperature changes, and a large protective index. Whether such benefits are relevant, however, needs further thought.

Usually, important information is indicated on the packaging - for whom the coating is intended, what it does, how it differs from others, how it is applied. Instructions for use should be indicated if the product is specialized. It is up to the property owner to decide how to plaster the exterior walls of brick, but the cement composition is an alternative that is relevant everywhere and always.

Also, special attention can be paid to the choice of primer. It is needed to ensure full adhesion of the material to the wall. Again, if the humidity level is very high in a region or just in a certain area of the area, rains, snows, frosts are frequent guests, and in general the state of the climatic situation is unfavorable for buildings, special protection for the walls is needed. The primer will not only provide it, but will also help to avoid peeling, destruction of the plaster, the appearance of cracks that will jeopardize the durability and strength of the brick.

The technology of plastering external brick walls is simple, it was described above. The primer can be bought in the following options: Kreps Primer, Plitonit Grunt, Forward Grund and others.

Plastering of external brick walls with cement-sand mortar is carried out in dry weather, preferably in sunny time, so that the coating dries well in a minimum time.

How and how to plaster exterior brick walls with your own hands: video

In the process of finishing country houses, special facade plaster is increasingly used.

This is a versatile material that is ideal for finishing residential buildings, garages, laundry rooms and various utility rooms.

Versatility is also based on the fact that plaster can be applied to a variety of surfaces - drywall, concrete, silicate brick, cement, etc.

The most important thing is that the surface is carefully prepared. In addition, plaster is characterized by high strength, reliability and elasticity.

To choose the best plaster option, it is important to first determine for what purposes it may be required - as a leveling lining or for decoration. In addition, it is necessary to determine the climatic conditions in which it will be used, since the composition may have different technical qualities and characteristics, protect against moisture and seismic activity in different ways.

Among the main types of such a mixture, the following can be distinguished:

- used in regions with frequent temperature changes and high humidity.
- provides a durable and reliable coating that has properties such as moisture resistance, hydrophobicity, resistance to UV rays and temperature extremes. This is the best and, accordingly, the most expensive mixture.
or plaster - used at the final stage of working with walls. Can be used in a wide variety of climates. The composition is characterized by susceptibility to pollution and has low vapor permeability. The cost of the product is relatively low.
- Used for design. It can be different in texture - smooth and embossed. Very often, the composition contains such additional components as stone chips, quartz sand, and so on.

Among these types, decorative and silicone plasters are popular. The first perfectly imitates different surfaces, and the second is of high quality workmanship and operation.

How to make plaster with your own hands

To prepare a mortar and a mixture of facade plaster, you will need take the main cement substance, gypsum, clay or lime, as well as the filler - water or sand.

In the process of mixing different components, it is always necessary to be guided by the ratio of the most voluminous parts of the composition. After preparing the composition, it is important to pay attention to its overall consistency.

If the resulting mixture strongly sticks to the tool during mixing, this means that it lacks filler, if it does not stick to the tool at all, this is a mixture in which there is a lack of binder.

At a normal level of fat content, the adhesion of the solution is medium. Without experience, in this case it will be quite difficult to figure it out, therefore at first it is better to use certain correlation rules.

In the process of preparing a mixture intended for facade decoration, as the main volumetric components, sand and cement are used in a ratio of 1: 3-1: 6, it all depends on the required level of coating strength on the brand of cement used. Cement at the same time you need to take the brand M400, as this is the highest quality product.

The procedure for preparing the solution is quite simple. Initially, the main fractional parts of cement and sand previously sifted through a sieve are mixed, and then water is introduced into the solution, with the help of which the plaster solution is brought to the desired consistency. To make it easier to work with cement, you need to add detergents - liquid soap, washing powder, and shampoo. These funds are added to the calculation of a tablespoon per bucket of plaster composition. Such an additive will not allow the solution to sit down much, moreover, it will make it soft and pliable.

Surface preparation for application

Preparing the walls thoroughly is essential for a quality plaster application, as even the best quality plaster will not show in all its glory if the walls are not properly prepared.

In the process of preparing the walls, it is necessary to thoroughly clean them from the old paint coating, from the remnants of old plaster and whitewash. At this stage, you can not strive to achieve optimal smoothness.

Once the initial cleaning of the surface is completed, more thorough surface preparation can begin.

It consists of the following steps:

The surface of the facade is prepared in the same way as. The walls must be carefully leveled, all chips, cracks and scratches must be repaired.
If the surface does not have sufficient density, it can be treated with a special restoring or strengthening primer. Such compositions ideally strengthen the walls, are additional protection against destructive dampness, and also improve the adhesion of the coating itself to the surface. If plaster is applied to the walls of a building located in conditions with high humidity, they will need to be treated with special antifungal compounds.
Existing cracks need to be completely exfoliated, and then fill with a special putty composition.
If multiple layers of plaster are used, each of the layers must be thoroughly dried throughout the day. Each of them must be covered with a special acrylic primer of special deep penetration.

Fine-grained sandpaper is used to sand the surface.. Before applying the plaster, it is worth making several painting processes. This will help to pre-evaluate the texture of the finished coating, you can also adequately assess the color of the future coating.

Reinforcement and priming

After this event, a special. It is necessary so that the applied plaster mixture is very well fixed on the earlier.

Properly selected and installed mesh will play the role of protection and strengthening.

In the process of applying the grid, it is preliminarily cut into meter pieces. No more dimensions are used, as the plaster may simply dry out before it is even spread.

After gluing the mesh, it must be rubbed with special mixtures of plaster or building mixture.

NOTE!

For facade work, it is required to use a mesh, the density of which is 140-160 g / sq.m.. It is possible to choose a grid and a higher density.

With its help, you can get a more even plaster layer. The only thing to note is that the denser the mesh, the more difficult it behaves when processing corners.

The walls are not only carefully reinforced, but also primed. If the wall absorbs moisture very strongly from all applied materials, 2-3 coats of primer will be required.. This is a very important process, since it is the primer that significantly increases the adhesion of the surface to the coating and thereby helps to overcome the general wall uneven drying of the finish layer.

Also, the primer serves as a protection against various biological formations that can be caused by a fungus or other pests. After that, before applying the primer, a certain technological pause is maintained. Only after that, the process of applying facade plaster with your own hands begins.

How to finish the facade of a private house with plaster

The plaster must be applied to the surface of the walls according to specific instructions. This is the only way to count on the fact that the facade coating will not only be of high quality, but also attractive.

Here is an algorithm of actions that must be followed in the process of working with plaster (photo below):

The first layer is applied "splashed" and it is made from a fairly liquid plaster. The thickness of this layer should be no more than 0.5 cm. The purpose of the layer is to provide the desired level of adhesion of materials. The layer dries for about 2 days.
After that, the wall is covered with a thicker solution, that is, soil. Its value lies in providing a high level of thermal insulation, as well as water resistance. In addition, this layer perfectly levels the surface. The thickness of this layer is already 2 cm.
Approximately after 2-15 days, it is worth applying a special layer of “covering” with a thickness of 0.5 cm. It must be applied tightly, completely eliminating all gaps and rubbing with a tool such as a trowel. How the next layer will be applied directly depends on the next stage of facade processing.

One of the most common methods of processing a completely plastered surface is special textured processing.

In this case, special wool is used, as well as ordinary sponges. Its appearance directly depends on the general properties of the material used, as well as on the degree of hardening of the coating.

The applied facade plaster must be processed. If lime is present in the coating composition, it can be processed in a plastic state. The cement composition can be processed after the final setting.

In the process of processing, it is possible to give not only a smooth surface, but also to give a special rough surface. In the second option, you will need to use special rubber and metal brushes. The process is carried out at the stage of solidification of the composition.

Quite often, the surface roughness is given with a trimming brush., which is processed not yet dried decorative plaster.

Completely finished coating is painted and decorated strictly in accordance with the taste of the owners. Finishing material can be used as part of the main glass or marble chips. Also, quartz sand may be present in the composition, which gives the coating an attractive aesthetic appearance. It is also possible to give the plaster a certain color, which eliminates the subsequent painting of the facade of the building.

Useful video

Facade finishing technology in the video tutorial below:

Conclusion

Properly selected and applied composition of facade plaster is able to effectively improve the overall appearance of the building, ideally hides quite significant flaws or defects. Do-it-yourself plastering can not only protect the building from destruction, but also gives the perfect appearance to the structures.

High rates of protection of buildings and structures with the help of plaster are based on the fact that all modern compositions are characterized by such important advantageous qualities as fire resistance, the ability to repel water, perfect thermal insulation, as well as sound insulation.

In addition, these are very durable layers that are resistant to various adverse events, to moisture, for this reason they become protection for the house itself.

If you use the right plaster, you can be sure that it will be a breathable material that is resistant to frost and has mechanical strength. Air permeability is very important, as the walls get the opportunity to remove excess moisture into the environment, which will automatically accumulate inside the room.

If you use low-quality plaster, it will not remove water, which will automatically lead to serious destruction of the walls. With regard to such qualities as frost resistance and mechanical strength, it ensures the ideal quality of the entire structure as a whole.

In contact with

The range of products intended for finishing the external walls of buildings and structures is quite extensive. Of course, buildings lined with newfangled materials look impressive. But the old way of design - applying the solution - does not lose its popularity.

Before talking about the methodology for carrying out this work, it is worth understanding why the plaster does not go into oblivion?

Firstly, all activities can be carried out in a short time. Many new facing materials cannot be attached directly to the surface - a supporting frame must be mounted under them. Plus - the features of the attachment. And this time and additional costs for materials.
Secondly, working with some of them has many nuances, so quite often you cannot do without the services of professionals. At the same time, any person can do the external plastering of the walls on their own, if desired.
Thirdly, this is practically the most economical way to embellish any building, and the easiest one, since you don’t have to set up a full-fledged construction site on the site and think about where and how to store materials. For reference. If you hire craftsmen, then their work will cost about 210 - 220 rubles / m2.
Fourth, expediency. What is the point of spending money on expensive cladding for a country house, garage, barn and a number of other similar buildings?

All buildings differ in the material from which the walls are built. Therefore, when preparing for external plastering of walls with your own hands, you should take into account the specifics of their decoration.

Surface treatment of reinforced concrete products is carried out according to the following scheme: the primary layer of the solution (to ensure reliable adhesion) - priming - topcoat.
A layer of small thickness (0.5 - 1 cm) is laid on the walls of aerated concrete, since this base does not absorb moisture well.
For brick walls, such mixture components are used - cement, asbestos, sand. Since the base absorbs water well, the minimum layer thickness is 2 cm.
If the solution is applied to the insulation material, then a reinforcing mesh is necessarily mounted.
When finishing wood surfaces, shingles are used for such reinforcement.

The quality of the external plaster of the walls largely depends on the correct choice of this finishing material. There are several varieties of mixtures that differ in composition and, accordingly, properties. This must be taken into account based on local conditions.

Types of plasters

Acrylic

The most convenient, as they are already ready for use, so the mistakes often made when preparing solutions on their own are excluded. The applied layer has good vapor permeability, so the likelihood of development of putrefactive processes is minimized. The elasticity of the composition allows you to "work" with surfaces of any configuration. Large selection of color tones.

Silicone

They have higher quality than the previous ones, but their cost is quite high. Therefore, it is advisable to use only in certain cases.

silicate

The basis is liquid glass (potassium). Sold ready for use. A feature of the product is the high vapor permeability of the hardened layer. Excellent for finishing surfaces made of cellular concrete.

mineral

They are made on the basis of cement, therefore they are distinguished by increased strength. However, in terms of elasticity, they are inferior to their counterparts. The cost is the cheapest, and therefore most often used for self-plastering walls.

Step by step plaster technology

Let's consider the process from scratch, without going into the details of partial, "spot" plastering. Moreover, "general" operations that are carried out for any surface.

Training

Whoever thinks that it consists only in "cleaning-washing" makes a big mistake. Yes, you need to remove all the old finish and clean the wall. After that, it must be examined.

All defects (slots, cracks, chips) are eliminated.
It is desirable to level the wall as much as possible. This will slightly reduce the consumption of the mixture. But if it is smooth (concrete), then to ensure a reliable “coupling” of the primer, it is necessary to make notches or reinforce the entire surface.
You need to understand that this stage is the only chance to extend the life of the base itself. After all, after applying the plaster layer, the wall will be completely closed. Therefore, depending on its material, surface treatment is performed. It is advisable to impregnate with antibacterial agents, for wood - also with fire retardants.
Wall priming.

Installation of beacons

As a rule, purchased profiles are used. They are more comfortable to work with. In the direction from top to bottom, "ribbons" from the solution are laid, into which beacons are pressed. With the help of a plumb line and a rail, they are aligned in the vertical and horizontal planes.

Plastering

Produced between adjacent beacons, a wide strip from top to bottom. After applying the layer, it must be leveled. When it hardens a little, the beacons are removed and the voids are sealed with mortar.

Depending on the specifics of the structure of the layers, there may be several. But the “finish” is necessarily smoothed out, and after hardening it can be sanded. For him, when preparing the solution yourself, you need to use sand with fine fractions.

Helpful Hints

Often, with independent external plastering of walls, the owners prefer to prepare the solution on their own. It should be taken into account that without a lot of experience it will not be possible to get a high-quality composition. All proportions recommended in various sources are approximate. Much depends on the brand of cement, its shelf life (in 4-5 weeks it loses up to 40% of its properties), sand grain size and a number of other factors. Therefore, it is more expedient to purchase ready-made "pastes" or dry mixes.
To save on plastering, you can buy cheap white mineral plaster, and then paint the wall with silicate paint of any color.
When finishing brick surfaces, it is advisable to deepen the joints between the bricks. This will increase the reliability of the “coupling” of the plaster with the wall.

It should be noted that all work is carried out only at positive temperatures, in order to avoid water crystallization (formation of ice floes).