Eco-friendly homestead: According to environmentalists, air and soil pollution is already the norm, and caustic chemical compounds freely penetrate into groundwater. That is why the question is becoming more and more relevant: how to make a practical water filter with your own hands quickly and at no extra cost.
According to ecologists, air and soil pollution is already the norm, and caustic chemical compounds freely penetrate into groundwater. That is why the question is becoming more and more relevant: how to make a practical water filter with your own hands quickly and at no extra cost.
Why do you need a water purification device?
Pitcher-shaped filters are already on the list of basic kitchen interior fixtures. They will do a great job if you need to filter a couple of liters of liquid. But when it comes to large volumes, handheld and household devices are useless and you have to look for a commensurate alternative.
Suspension of sand, fine clay particles, organics, waste products of all kinds of animals and microorganisms make water from open reservoirs categorically unsuitable for drinking. The same is true with wells.
The agricultural industry annually becomes on a par with the heavy and chemical industries in terms of wrecking, due to the amount of nitrates used. So, the use of nitric acid to fertilize the soil saturates the groundwater with harmful salts.
Be that as it may, even the most modern equipment periodically needs to replace cleaning cassettes, to say nothing of home-made ones. After a certain time, it is imperative to replace the handicraft system with a specialized one.
This is important to do because the water may contain pathogenic bacteria and other unwanted microflora, which is absolutely not amenable to filtration, and only a sanitary and epidemiological station can cope with bacteriological contamination of a river or well.
How to choose a filter media
When choosing a container for a filter, you need to calculate everything properly, because the cleaning properties primarily depend on a properly formed “filling”. The volume of the filter container must be such that it can easily accommodate all components.
As an absorbent, natural materials are widely used, such as quartz river or washed quarry sand, gravel, activated carbon and zeolite. As you know, any filter begins with a primary coarse layer. Often this role is assigned to fabric materials based on cotton.
Natural materials are highly impractical in terms of hygiene. Firstly, in a humid environment, such a filter layer is subject to decay processes, which causes an unpleasant odor. Secondly, the structure of the fabric implies a very rapid contamination of the filter with unwanted particles, which increases the need to change the layer.
Much better performance is observed in synthetic counterparts. More preferable in this regard is lutrasil. The material has moisture-resistant qualities and is more resistant to contamination than cotton or bandage.
A very budget option for a fabric filter can be considered a synthetic layer that is used in making coffee.
Quartz sand does an excellent job of retaining small particles, as well as filtering heavy chemical compounds. While gravel is the opposite, it is better to weed out large inclusions of unwanted materials.
A mineral called zeolite has an incommensurable cleansing effect.
The active effect of the substance with a bang will cope with water pollution with metal and salt suspension, and also neutralize pesticides and other products of processing of the agricultural industry.
Carbon small-sized filter of traveling type
Perhaps the most high-quality filtration result is shown by home-made options based on activated carbon. The absorbent will equally successfully cope with the delay of both mineral formations and toxic substances.
The properties of the material include the ability to impart transparency to the liquid, as well as eliminate unpleasant odors and waste products of microorganisms.
When choosing coal, you need to pay attention to the structure of the mineral. Too small, powdery - will penetrate into the water, and large, on the contrary, will not provide the proper level of cleaning. (It is worth giving preference to granular starting material).
Activated carbon is the most popular material in homemade filter devices. It is advisable to fill it in layers so that there is a powdery material below, granules on top, and the fractional composition increases in height.
An important factor is the degree of so-called "roasting" of coal. If you overdo it with this procedure, the absorbent will quickly lose all its valuable qualities.
Charcoal can be bought at any supermarket or made at home. The best absorbent qualities are observed in hardwoods, in particular birch.
To get coal, you need to load wood into any metal container and heat it on fire (preferably put in a furnace). After the wood is red hot, remove the container and let it cool - that's it, the charcoal is ready for use in the filtration system.
A completely camping option would be a home-made carbon-based water filter for water from the ashes of a burned-out fire. On occasion, it is better to use whole pieces of about 4 cm in length.
As a rule, anything can serve as a case for such an impromptu system, but mostly a plastic container or bottle is used for convenience.
Making a carbon water filter
Before assembling, you need to choose a more optimal version of the case. For this you will need:
- Several plastic containers (bottles or PVC pipe, food containers can be used in some cases. Because of their strength, they will serve well as the basis of the cartridge).
- Tools for plastic processing (various sharp objects: awl, scissors, clerical knife, screwdriver).
- Absorbent material (in this case, activated carbon).
- Additional filter granules (quartz sand, gravel).
- Material for the primary fabric filter (medical bandage, gauze or coffee filter).
- Plastic caps or plugs.
For the tightness of the structure, polymeric substances should be used at the joints of the modules (if the filter is multi-level and consists of several parts). Moisture resistant silicone glue or insulating tape works well.
Device assembly process
To mount the suspended structure, you need to first cut off the bottom from the plastic bottle with a clerical knife. Then make two holes opposite each other for fastening the loops. Now the improvised body can be hung, for example, on a tree branch.
Next, you need to make an outlet valve, from where the filtered liquid will flow. At this stage, the design feature depends on individual preferences. You can organize something according to the principle of a shower - make many small holes in the lid, or you can drill one big one.
The next step will be the actual laying of the components. Having twisted the perforated cover, the body is turned over or hung by the hinges. Then, first of all, a bandage folded several times, or gauze, is laid. The use of a coffee filter is also encouraged.
In some cases, you can find designs where the role of the primary filter material is performed by a fabric cover sewn specifically for the size of the housing. This greatly simplifies the task of changing the absorbent and saves time.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that the laying of absorbent components should be carried out according to the “pyramid” type. This means that the first step is always fine-grained absorbent (coal), then comes a layer of quartz sand, and then comes the turn of river pebbles or gravel.
It is better to cover the filler hole with some kind of cloth or lid in order to avoid getting unwanted objects inside the cartridge.
The principle of operation of such a filter is the passive flow of water through all layers. Under the action of the granules, the contaminated liquid is cleared and flows out of the perforated hole. Initially, several liters of water must be passed through the filter. The first filtering procedure will wash the layers and remove contaminants.
The disadvantages of the system include a rather slow cleaning speed and the need to constantly fill in new fluid after the filtration procedure is completed.
The disadvantages of homemade water filters with natural fillers include low speed, the need to frequently change filter layers, and not too high quality cleaning.
Homemade charcoal filter from PVC pipe
For the construction of the structure, you will need a piece from a plastic water pipe and 2 containers. You can connect two bottles, where the upper segment will act as a coarse filter.
Inside, as expected, the primary layer of gauze or cotton wool is first placed, while constructing a kind of mesh substrate, for example, made of plastic, so that the layers do not mix. A plastic cover is well suited for this, which can be glued into a PVC pipe, then drill several small diameter holes around the circumference.
Next, the stage of filling the initial cartridge with synthetic material begins (you can use a synthetic winterizer). After that, close the module again with a lid, only this time you should not resort to using glue, because this part must be removable in order to be able to replace and clean the filter material.
Then the turn of the plastic pipe begins. From the bottle you need to cut off the neck and fix it inside the pipe so that it is possible to use the thread.
It should be fixed tightly to avoid leaks (silicone glue works well). It is recommended to wrap the outer side and the edge of the neck with several layers of electrical tape for greater strength.
At the other end of the tube, as usual, you need to insert a cap and make a perforation. A fabric layer should be placed on the inner surface of the impromptu cassette.
After all the manipulations, the structure is ready for filling with granulate (in this case, activated carbon). For better efficiency, you can alternate layers of minerals inside the pipe.
When completed, the primary filter and the charcoal module are threaded together. Then, plastic bottles are added on both sides. That's it, the cut PVC carbon filter is ready to use.
Aquarium water filter
As you know, for the normal life of aquatic inhabitants, it is necessary to clean the tank in a timely manner and maintain the purity of the water. Owners of small aquariums will come in handy with instructions for building a filter at home.
The body of a homemade hard water filter can be any plastic tube of a suitable diameter, including, in the absence of such, 2 syringes will work well.
Before assembly, you need to prepare some additional parts: a spray bottle (often used in detergent bottles), a sponge with a high degree of rigidity, as well as a mechanism by which the structure will be attached to the wall of the aquarium (suction cup).
The first step is to remove the movable part of the syringe, it will not come in handy. Then, using hot glue or other sealant, connect the workpieces to each other, after cutting off the spouts.
For the flow of water, it is necessary to make a perforation. An ordinary soldering iron will do just fine with this, and if you don’t have one, you can heat any metal object, such as a nail, over the fire and make holes over the entire area of the syringe.
In some cases, it is possible to fill the filter capsule with some kind of granulate, the best option would be to use zeolite, because. The absorbent does a good job of filtering out nitrates.
Then the makeshift cartridge should be completely wrapped with a sponge and the outer layer fixed so that it does not unwind. That's all, the power of such a filter is quite enough to purify the water in a small aquarium.
Sand filter for swimming pool
As already mentioned, the process of building small-sized variations of filter systems is quite simple, however, if we are talking about a large reservoir, it is necessary to think through all the nuances of the purification system.
Many probably faced the problem of "blooming" of water. Most often, this process is observed in the warm season, and if the pool is also equipped with a heating system, such an opportunity can occur at any time.
It is fair to say that the problem of green water can be completely solved by improvised means, namely, removed mechanically, but sometimes a layer of algae can sink to the very bottom and removing the surface film will not solve the problem.
In addition, not only algae can act as a pollutant, but also fallen leaves, as well as sand and all kinds of microparticles if the pool is outdoors.
Faced with problems of this kind, people begin to frantically buy all sorts of detergents and cleaning products, hoping to get rid of annoying green islands. But the active chemical action of substances can only help with the pollutant that is on the surface, and in order to clean the tank to the very bottom, completely different methods are needed.
For complete cleaning of the pool, there are special filter systems. They work on the principle of a "vacuum cleaner", namely, they pump liters of contaminated liquid through the compressor. The filtration process is a reusable distillation of water from one part of the pool to another.
This mechanism is often used in large municipal or private institutions, where the volume of the pool sometimes reaches thousands of liters, so the best solution is an automated filtration system.
But it is not profitable for the average user to invest in such bulky equipment if, for example, only a small seasonal inflatable tank needs to be cleaned.
Just for such reservoirs there is an instruction for the construction of a sand filter.
During the assembly process, you will need any container that can perform the functions of a cartridge. The water tunnel from the primary filter can be made from a plastic pipe 2 meters long (in case the pool is large).
You also need to take into account that the design of the tunnel involves a 90-degree turn, so you need a PVC corner. The size of the inner diameter of the cartridge and pipe should be about 50 mm.
A threaded bush with an M10 diameter can be used as a support pin for the cleaning modules. The convenience of this design allows you to connect several filter cassettes into one, which turns an ordinary filter into a multi-level one. This increases the efficiency of absorption and, as a result, the water becomes cleaner.
At the first stage, you need to make two holes (it is better to use a puncher).
The first is in the filter plug, and the second is in the PVC corner, then connect the two parts with a pin and nut. At the other end of the tube, a water compressor should be fixed. The power of the equipment should be selected based on the volume of the pool.
In order for the filter to be floating, it is necessary to make a special foam substrate.
The purification process is circular, and occurs by means of taking water from the lower layers of the pool and pumping it through the filter using a pump.
The advantage of this design is the absence of additional elements for the release of filtered water, as well as the possibility of replacing the cartridge. The rinsing procedure is best done over a separate container to avoid getting dirty liquid back into the pool. It is better to use a bucket for this.
In addition, the cost of this installation is much less than branded counterparts. Everything you need can be purchased at specialized outlets, for example, a compressor is sold at any pet store, PVC pipes and corners in building supermarkets, and a replacement cartridge in the markets in the plumbing department.
A big plus when creating a floating filtration system is the freedom of design thought. If you have decorative components at hand, you can disguise the filter as any object that fits into the composition of the pool, for example, a ship.
Homemade water filter
At home, everyone is able to build an installation consisting of three containers connected in series. Such a filter works only under a certain pressure of the plumbing system.
As future cassettes, you can use plastic or glass containers, and you need to connect the segments using a ¼ inch adapter nipple.
For convenience, the adapters are provided with inlet/outlet guides. They will make sure that the build process is successful. Another important point is the tightness of the installation. To avoid leaks, it is recommended to wrap each thread in Teflon tape, and seal the joints with synthetic material.
A filter of this type is connected to the system as a tee and connected in series with the water supply pipes. As a granulate, you can use the same coal. It will purify raw water from harmful microparticles and prevent the appearance of scale on the heating elements of the electric kettle and washing machine.
Features of homemade filters
After some time, you will have to replace such a system with a more professional one. This is due not only to the wear of old parts, but because of their low absorbent and cleaning efficiency in relation to microorganisms contained in water.
To ensure the sterility of the reservoir, modern filters are equipped with a mineralizing system. Before buying equipment, it is worth testing the water in the laboratory for mineral content and then, based on the results of the examination, select a filter with the appropriate mineral composition.
There is no such function in homemade equipment, therefore, after the cleaning stage, it is recommended to boil the filtrate.
Also compare the power of the filter with the pressure of the water. Incorrect calculation of the intensity of water pressure in relation to a home-made filtration system can affect the performance of the equipment. published
How to make a water filter with your own hands? The principle of operation of purifying water filters at home is almost the same. They use charcoal as a cleaning agent. Here we are in the filters made by hand, we will use it. Woody, store bought or homemade, activated - it doesn't matter. Most importantly, it's a great filter.
Home filters
You once purchased a water filter such as "aquaphor", "barrier", etc., but the cartridge has served its purpose. You need to buy a new one. Can it be restored? Can.
For this we need:
- The housing of the spent filter element.
- Wood or activated charcoal.
- Cotton pad.
Operating procedure
- Carefully cut out the upper part, we will no longer need it. We leave only the upper clamping ring (in different systems it can be with or without a mesh).
- We remove the spent contents of the filter, wash the housing with water.
- We divide the cotton pad in half and put one half on the bottom of the case.
- Fill the hull with charcoal. (The charcoal should be finely ground, but not to a powder).
- Cover with the second half of the cotton pad and secure with a ring.
In some cartridges, the pressure ring does not lock into the housing. Then it can be fixed with a few drops of sealant. The main thing is that the sealant is waterproof and non-toxic.
Another of the simplest home-made filter options, made by hand.
Would need:
- Plastic bottle with screw cap.
- A piece of cotton fabric.
- Charcoal.
First, the usual woody charcoal needs to be activated. To do this, grind it to the state of grains with a diameter of 4–6 mm (We take the amount of coal in such a way that it fills the bottle by two-thirds.) Then we pour it into a saucepan with water, bring it to a boil and leave it to boil over low heat for another 5 minutes. Next, through a colander or a metal sieve, it is necessary to drain the hot water. Important! Coal must be drained in a hot state. We let him cool down.
Assembling the filter
You can put another layer of fabric on top, but this is not necessary.
This filter lasts quite a long time. If you feel that over time the water has changed its taste, any impurities began to be felt, then no need to make a new filter. Rinse the charcoal used enough, boil it again, replace the cloth and use the filter further.
DIY filters for wells and wells
It is also necessary to filter water in a country house or in a village, even if it is water from a well or clean well. "Why?" - you ask. The fact is that nitrates, pesticides used in horticultural work seep into the ground and, together with groundwater, enter wells and wells.
For filtering well water when digging a well or routine cleaning bottom filter installed for water from natural materials. How to do it yourself?
To begin with, we define what is the bottom of the well?
- Dense clay bottom with gushing springs. In such wells, it is better to install coarse water filtration into the water intake system. The bottom filter can only do harm by blocking the outlet of spring water.
- It is better to lay a 15–20 cm layer of large gravel on the bottom of a well made of soft clay, eroded by water.
- A sandy bottom with calmly seeping water needs a bottom filter. Otherwise, when the bucket hits the water or the bottom, the sand will erode and the water will be cloudy. It is impractical to install a pump in such wells, because it instantly becomes clogged with sand and fails.
- At the bottom there is floating sand, that is, sand heavily saturated with groundwater. It can be recognized by periodic emissions at the bottom of the well or by muddy jets of water. In this case, in addition to the bottom filter, it is necessary to protect the bottom with a wooden shield from erosion.
Materials used for bottom filter
Coarse-grained quartz sand has a grain size of up to 1 millimeter; it must be washed before being placed in the well.
river pebbles- pebbles of rounded shape of different colors and sizes.
Gravel is a porous loose sedimentary rock, the size of gravel grains can be from a few millimeters to 2-3 centimeters.
Crushed stone - stones of different sizes, irregular shapes from various minerals. It is mined mechanically. For the bottom filter, it is necessary to take crushed stone from neutral minerals, such as jadeite. Granite or building rubble is not suitable for this.
Shungite- petrified oil. In alternative medicine, this mineral is used very widely. It effectively purifies water from harmful substances, radicals and dioxides. It is a unique bactericidal agent.
Zeolite. This mineral is also often used in water purification. All known bacteria, microbes and viruses are powerless against it.
We lay the filter
If a shield is needed for a well, then for its manufacture we take a hardwood tree: aspen, oak which can remain in water for a long time.
- We knock together a shield from the boards, cut it to the size of the well shaft, drill holes 1–1.5 mm in size, wrap it with geotextile, lower it to the bottom.
- on top of the shield we lay a layer of large stone.
Next, the filter itself fits directly. It can be of two types: direct or reverse. If at the bottom of the well there is soft clay or a bottom shield from floaters, a straight line is used, that is, we make the laying from a larger fraction to a fine one. The thickness of each layer is 15–20 cm. There should be at least three layers: the first is stones at least 5–6 cm in size or crushed stone, the second is small river pebbles, shungite or gravel up to 1 cm in size, the third is a layer of washed river sand.
The return filter is used in wells with a sandy bottom and calm filling and has a dual purpose- does not allow small grains of sand to rise up and protects the bottom of the well from large debris. We carry out the laying of such a filter in the reverse order: first a fine fraction, then a medium one, on top - a large one. The thickness of the layers is the same.
During use, the filter is clogged with small particles of clay, silt, sand. Therefore, it must be cleaned every year. The sand is completely replaced, and the stones are taken out and washed with running water. Then the filter is laid back in the same sequence.
well filter
Filters are also used to purify water in wells. The most favorite and popular among owners of private houses and summer residents is a perforated perforated system. The device is simple and effective.
For the manufacture of a cleaning system we will need:
Stages of work:
- We measure the length of the sump. Depending on the depth of the well, it will be approximately 1–1.5 meters.
- Next, we drill holes at an angle of 35 to 60 °, directing them from the bottom up. We arrange in a checkerboard pattern, the distance between the holes is about 2 cm.
- We clean the pipe from chips and wrap the perforated zone (it should be at least 25% of the length of the pipe) with a mesh. We fasten it with rivets.
- We close the pipe from the side of the sump with a plug-plug.
Water, passing through the mesh and holes, is cleared of fine sand, silt, clay. Larger particles that enter the pipe settle in the sump.
Thanks to such filters, water in the garden and in a private house be clean and transparent, but will not be cleansed of the content of harmful substances in it. Therefore, it is recommended to boil such water or additionally drive it through charcoal filters.
Homemade filter on a hike
It often happens that when going on a hike, we stock up on drinking water in insufficient quantities. There are no shops, wells in the area, but there are plenty of natural reservoirs, puddles, etc. How to make dirty water drinkable?
Method one
When collecting a first aid kit, we always put a few packages activated charcoal, bandage and cotton wool. We need all this and a plastic bottle for the filter.
- In a plastic bottle, cut off the bottom and turn over.
- We put a layer of cotton wool in the neck.
- We fold a strip of bandage in several layers (the more, the better) and put it on top of the cotton layer in a bottle.
- Pour crushed charcoal tablets on top, a layer of bandage and cotton wool on top.
Method two
You can do without a first aid kit. For this system, we need a plastic bottle with a cap, moss and coal from the fire(not very large, so that it fits more tightly into the container) and a small piece of fabric.
- We make several small holes in the lid, put a fabric folded in 3-4 layers into it. Screw the lid into place. Cut off the bottom of the bottle.
- We fill the container with moss and coal in layers, starting and ending with moss. The more layers we put, the cleaner the water will be.
Method three
We make the most primitive filter. To do this, we need two containers (bowlers, mugs, etc.) and a bandage or a long strip of some cotton fabric.
We unwind the bandage equal to the height of the container taken 8-10 times. Fold it in half and twist it into a rope. Fold it in half again. Folded end of the harness we lower it into a container with dirty water to the very bottom, the free ends into an empty container.
Important nuances of this system:
- The water tank must be above the receiving tank.
- The free ends of the tourniquet should be lowered below the folded end in the water.
- The higher the level of dirty water, the faster it is filtered, so it makes sense to add dirty water to the upper tank.
- The free ends should not come into contact with each other and with the walls of the vessels.
- If it is necessary to skip a large amount of water, several flagella can be made.
Water filtered in this way will not be perfectly clean and transparent. Mainly dirt, sand, suspensions, silt will be filtered out.
It is important to remember that such camping filters purify water only from dirt and turbidity. Bacteria and microbes are preserved in it. Therefore, filtered water must be boiled before drinking.
Problems with tap water do not cease to torment its consumers. In fact, it is impossible to use the liquid for cooking or drinking due to lack of security and other external signs. Untreated water can be harmful even if it comes from an autonomous source, and is characterized by an unpleasant odor, lack of transparency and an off-flavour. If possible, such conditions should be eliminated, which will help to make a water filter with your own hands, but this will require a drawing.
Household means of cleaning tap fluid or water from a well do not always satisfy the conditions of the owner. This is mainly due to insufficient volume and frequent replacement of filter modules at home. Such an acquisition is very costly, so each owner is interested in the question of how to make a water filter with their own hands without much financial loss, while not disrupting the well or well. We remind you that the work will look correct and durable if the manufacturing scheme or drawing is chosen correctly.
Step-by-step instructions for making a simple but productive filter
Important! In any case, water from a well requires purification, only then it will be drinkable. And, if you do not have a filter installed, you need to take care of other types of cleaners at home. A homemade water filter deserves special attention. The installation diagram or drawing will show how to do it.
- The entire manufacturing process begins with the preparation of a plastic bottle of the desired volume. It is advisable to use options from 5.0 liters or more. You will also need charcoal material and gauze. Also prepare a small part of the river sand and the same amount of fine gravel. Look for canvas fabric, it will not become superfluous. How to start arranging a filter at home will tell the drawing.
- In the selected bottle, we cut out the bottom and through it we lay several layers of dense fabric for cleaning right near the neck. We do it exactly as the diagram shows.
- Next, grind the coal composition and pour it onto the already laid fabric.
- Several layers of gauze are laid on top of each other. A few pieces of silver are placed on top of the gauze. (an old unnecessary chain and a silver coin will do). Silver is known to help kill bacteria. See the drawing for how and what to place.
- After that, a layer of purified river sand is poured (make sure that there is no debris and organic matter in it). Gravel is laid on top and evenly distributed over the entire surface of the previous material for productive cleaning.
You can learn the correct installation in our video.
Attention! The thickness of each layer of backfill should vary from 5 to 7 cm. Try to compact the materials, so take a few gentle but hard blows right into the structure. Note for yourself: the diagram and drawing must contain all the conditions for the work.
Next, we prepare from the well. An ordinary bucket with a plastic lid can serve as a reservoir, in which a hole is made, with a diameter like the lid of a plastic bottle (filter). We place our own coal cleaner in this hole, and pour water into it - we wait until all of it is filtered.
At home, they can act in various variations, but the principle of the product is the same, as the diagram below shows. The difference can be manifested in its constituent elements and filtration speed.
On a note! Try to make the carbon filter in such a way that the water pressure from it is not too strong. After all, for cleaning to occur, a slow passage of water through each layer of the filter is needed. Charcoal can be made independently, for this you need to heat firewood in a cast-iron dish on a fire until you acquire a black crumbly material.
Important details to consider
The scheme for cultivating a homemade filter for water from a well can have fundamental differences that depend directly on the place of its installation and the level of water pollution. We recommend that you study a few details before you undertake to equip a homemade water treatment plant at home. So, you need to pay attention to:
You can also make a carbon filter for cleaning yourself according to the same principle, if you have a diagram at hand. To do this, purchase the required number of activated charcoal tablets and fill a plastic container with them, then pass water through them. At this stage, water from a well, water supply or well will not have hazardous chemical elements.
Therefore, it is not necessary to purchase a carbon filter from eminent manufacturers, because for domestic use, a small capacity is often enough to consume a purified product for food.
How to make a water filter at home?
There are several ways to make a water filter, using a ready-made, purchased filter, or inventing it yourself. Let's look at these two options.
And so, for the first method, we need a purchased water filter, and a plastic bottle.
This filter is very convenient to use when hiking or traveling somewhere. Let's start!
1. We take a knife and cut the bottle into two parts. Cut should be in the place where the top of the bottle (conical) passes into the middle part (cylindrical).
2 . Now we take the filter, and insert it with the lower part into the cut off part with the neck. Thus, we will determine where to cut off the neck of the bottle.
In total, we get a cut bottle into 3 parts and a filter.
3. All parts for the filter are ready, it remains only to assemble it. We take the filter and push it into the cut off top of the bottle, as shown in the photo.
4. We place this design in a bottle, and our filter will be ready. We can pour water and check how it works.
How to make a filter with your own hands?
The second way is more interesting, since we will create the filter ourselves! This is not difficult, but you will have to try. For the filter you will need the following materials:
Filter container.
River sand.
Charcoal.
Cotton wool (can be replaced with gauze or cloth).
Visual scheme of the filter.
The principle of the filter is very simple - water passes through materials that are able to filter it, and at the output we get purified water.
To make such a filter, we used the materials listed above, as a container - a 5 liter bottle.
1. Cut off the bottom of the bottle. We also make a small hole in the bottle cap, 1 centimeter in diameter.
High-quality water in modern conditions, especially drinking water, is a very rare phenomenon. If several decades ago there were still clean springs, wells, now it is a rarity even in rural areas. Agricultural firms pollute the soil no less than industry and herbicides. Mineral fertilizers inevitably penetrate into the sources. Water filtration has become a necessity.
Jug-type installations have become frequent guests in the kitchen in the city and in the country. For a small volume of liquid, they are effective. But if you need to clean tens or hundreds of liters, such devices are unsuitable. When the site has a well, a well, a pool, water filters are necessary. You can buy those designed for this purpose, but do-it-yourself ones are always cheaper.
Design features of industrial and home-made installations
Purified from harmful chemical and bacteriological impurities, life-giving moisture is considered accessible to people only after filtration. In cities, due to the wear and tear of communications to consumers, it comes with rust, lime inclusions and other additives. In such conditions, even the aquarium needs water purification, otherwise the fish will not survive.
If the house is connected to the water supply, the owners use washing machines, dishwashers, which are even more sensitive to water quality. Manufacturers equip their products with mesh filters, which provide coarse cleaning, but fine particles up to 5 microns are passed through. For many household devices, this is harmful, they need additional fine filtration.
Simple household filters for the home
Industrial units are produced separately for cold and hot water, it is unacceptable to use them for other purposes. In addition, a pressure regulator is required if pressure drops are observed in the pipes. All such installations have one or more cartridges plus a sump in the form of a flask or glass. The quality of the water depends on the material used and the cell dimensions of the working elements.
All of them require periodic replacement, because harmful impurities accumulate. The cost depending on the design is sometimes very impressive. A do-it-yourself water filter allows you to get rid of unnecessary financial expenses, and the quality of cleaning may exceed some industrial designs.
A simple homemade device
The dacha of an ordinary citizen often does not have a centralized water supply, so all kinds of sources are used: wells, wells and even ponds. In modern conditions, none of them can guarantee the quality of vital moisture. Even in areas remote from industrial centers, there is a danger of bacteriological contamination of water. Any filter, including homemade, will eliminate the risk of poisoning the human body.
The main condition for high-quality cleaning is filter filler
The working container is selected in such a way that all the necessary filling fits into it. For absorption, a variety of components are used: artificial and natural. The latter have a higher filtration capacity. These include:
- sand from a river or quarry;
- gravel;
- zeolite;
- Activated carbon.
For primary rough cleaning, cloth cotton materials or even paper are usually used. According to hygienic requirements, they are very impractical: they constantly stay in a humid environment, rot, and an unpleasant odor appears. The very structure of such filters contributes to almost instantaneous pollution, which requires frequent replacement.
The best material for filtration is activated carbon
Artificial materials in this respect have the best performance. One of the most preferred is lutrasil. He is not afraid of moisture, dirt accumulates to a lesser extent than on cotton. Of the other fabric filters, synthetic filters are used, which are used in coffee machines - the cheapest.
Of the natural minerals that cost a penny, quartz sand, purified from impurities of clay and dirt, deserves attention. It perfectly captures small particles and heavy chemical compounds. Gravel is inferior in this respect - it copes better with large inclusions.
Zeolite also belongs to minerals, but it has a disproportionately large filtration effect. It cuts off metal and salt impurities - everything that comes into the water from the agro-industry: pesticides, herbicides, mineral fertilizers.
Zeolite used in homemade structures
In homemade devices, activated charcoal is most widely used. It equally qualitatively retains mineral formations and toxic substances. Another advantage is that the water after passing through it becomes transparent, unpleasant odors and microorganisms are eliminated.
Such filtration material is available to consumers. It is used both special and the one that is intended for picnics, as well as made by hand. The structure is decisive for the quality of cleaning. If the absorbent is like a powder, it will leave with the water, and a coarse one will not provide a good cleaning.
Self-cooking coal is not particularly difficult. Wood of any breed, except coniferous, is used. Birch has the best qualities. Firewood is loaded into a metal container, which is placed on fire, ideally in a stove. When they are red hot, stop heating and let cool. If overexposed, valuable filtration properties are lost.
Water preparation devices for food
You can clean dirty liquid at home with homemade filters. The resulting product does not always meet all requirements. Only the use of quality elements allows you to achieve the expected results. They retain mechanical, chemical and bacteriological impurities.
In the country, several types of hand-made filters are used:
- flowing coal;
- submersible for technical water in an aquarium, pool;
- external, allowing to get rid of mechanical pollution.
A home-made system is used when coarse filtration of water from a well, well, rainwater is necessary. Fine cleaning achieve the elimination of odors that are caused by the presence of bacteria.
Simple filters for the house from plastic containers
There is no better absorbent for a homemade device than activated carbon. It does not pass mechanical impurities, as well as many toxins and bacteriological harmful substances. For the manufacture of using dishes with a sealed lid, plastic pipes. For a small aquarium, disposable syringes are suitable.
The main thing is that the volume allows you to accommodate the required amount of filter material in several layers. The manufacturing process of the simplest device occurs in the following sequence:
- 1. A plastic bottle or other similar container is taken, in which the bottom is cut off. Below, at a distance of about 2 cm, 2 holes are made with an awl.
- 2. One 10 mm is also drilled in the lid. Alternatively, many small ones are pierced.
- 3. Screw on the bottle and start laying the cleaning material. On the bottom and walls use natural fabric or ready-made filters, lutrasil.
- 4. Next comes activated carbon. Above - clean sand, then gravel, which alternate in several layers. The total volume should not exceed 2/3 of the container capacity.
- 5. Everything is covered with a cloth that will not let large particles through. They hang it and fill it with water, waiting for it to be cleaned and poured into a clean dish.
The system has a disadvantage: filtering takes a long time.
It is more convenient to use 2 pieces of pipe, one of which is 4 times longer than the other. The short one is used for rough cleaning. Tightly install a lid from a plastic container in which a hole is made. A mesh is laid on it and the space is filled with pharmaceutical cotton wool or padding polyester. On the other hand, the pipe is also closed with a lid and a mesh.
One end of a long piece, which serves as a fine filter, is prepared in a similar way: a tight lid with a mesh. On the other hand - the neck of a plastic container. Pour in the filter material, each layer in turn. Both parts of the structure are connected.
Do-it-yourself water purification for a home aquarium is also simple. Requires 2 disposable 10 ml syringes with cut-off spouts. They are interconnected, holes are made along the entire length. A tube with a spray at the end is placed inside, and if zeolite is added, the water quality will increase - nitrites will be removed. Outside, the device is wrapped with a sponge.
Pool water treatment
Do-it-yourself sand filters allow you to filter a rather voluminous tank. They are simple in the device, their cost is half that of purchased ones. The design consists of the following parts:
- a container with a wide mouth;
- branch pipes for water supply and intake;
- quartz or glass sand as a filter.
It requires a plastic tank, usually a barrel, at the bottom of which there is a fine mesh with cells smaller than sand. Its fraction is from 0.4 to 0.8 mm. The first one changes after 2 or 3 years. The second will last 5 years, but its cost is higher. Multilayer media is also used when the filter elements alternate from larger to smaller or gravel is included.
Dirty water is fed into a sealed container from above, suspended mineral and organic particles remain in the filter, and clean water enters the pool from below. To operate the device, a pump with a power of 150–300 W is required, which is usually installed in front of the tank. Then he pushes the liquid. If you put the pump after the tank, a vacuum is created in it, and water is sucked in. There is no fundamental difference in the two schemes, the procedure is provided in any case.
For the first option, you need a container with reliable tightness that can withstand the pressure created in it. Often use an expansion tank with a membrane. It is removed, and the inside of the case is painted to protect the iron from rust.
The use of a plastic barrel with a volume of at least 60 liters for such purposes is also possible. But not every such container can withstand pressure: they often tear out the lid or the sidewalls diverge at the joints. In this case, it is advisable to apply the connection diagram of the pump after the filter. The lid is additionally sealed to exclude the slightest air leakage. The master class will show the details in more detail.
For water inflow and intake, fittings are cut into the body, the joints are carefully sealed. A coarse filter is installed at the feed: an inexpensive cartridge or a bottle neck with a mesh. On the reverse side of the filter tank, a plastic pipe with holes is mounted, covered with non-woven material, through which even fine sand does not penetrate, and clean water enters the pool.
If a pressure circuit is implemented, be sure to install a pressure gauge on the fitting in the tank cap or between the pump and the filter. It is more reliable to use a manifold that has a pressure sensor, air vent and safety valves. If the principle of suction is applied, a tap is cut into the lid. When the system is aired, it is enough to open it and bleed the air.
The filter with the top water inlet is placed below the level of the pool mirror. On both branch pipes, valves are installed that regulate the work. The place of release and intake is located as far as possible. Before turning on the pump, the tank is filled with liquid manually.
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