RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN RELATIONS
Russian-Mongolian relations are based on a long history of bilateral cooperation, are distinguished by traditional good neighborliness, are comprehensive in nature, and are oriented towards further development in the spirit of strategic partnership. In political and legal terms, they are based on the Treaty of Friendly Relations and Cooperation of January 20, 1993, the Ulaanbaatar (2000) and Moscow (2006) declarations, as well as the Declaration on the development of a strategic partnership between the Russian Federation and Mongolia dated August 25, 2009 On April 14, 2016, during the visit to Ulaanbaatar of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation S.V. Lavrov, the Medium-Term Program for the Development of the Strategic Partnership between Russia and Mongolia was signed, prepared in accordance with the agreements of the presidents of the two countries.
In total, more than 150 treaties and agreements are in force at the interstate and intergovernmental level. The state border with a length of 3543 km has been completely demarcated and delimited. (in 2006 an interstate agreement on its regime was signed).
Contacts at the highest and high levels are regular. The conversations between President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin and President of Mongolia Kh. issues on the bilateral and international agenda. Organized on June 9 this year. in Qingdao (PRC) on the sidelines of the SCO CHS, the bilateral meeting of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin with the President of Mongolia H. Battulga gave a new impetus to the development of Russian-Mongolian relations in all areas.
On July 14-16, 2016 in Ulaanbaatar, on the sidelines of the 11th summit of the Asia-Europe Forum (ASEM), the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev met with the leadership of Mongolia. On June 2, 2017, within the framework of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, a conversation took place between the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, A.V. Dvorkovich, and the then Prime Minister of Mongolia, J. Erdenebat. On March 1, 2018, a meeting was held in Moscow between the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation A.V. Dvorkovich and the Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia U. Enkhtuvshin following the results of the regular meeting of the Intergovernmental Commission.
April 26-27, 2018 Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation - Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Far Eastern Federal District Y.P. Trutnev paid a working visit to Mongolia. During his meetings with the President of Mongolia Kh. district. "On the sidelines" of the visit, a round table "The Far East of Russia and Mongolia: Prospects for Cooperation" was organized.
Inter-parliamentary and inter-party ties are being progressively developed. On December 14-15, 2016, at the invitation of the All-Russian political party "United Russia", a delegation of the Mongolian People's Party (MNP) headed by its leader (until November 2017), Chairman of the State Great Khural (VGH) of Mongolia M. Enkhbold visited Moscow. The Head of the Mongolian Parliament was received by V.I. Matvienko, Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, V.V. Volodin, Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, and V.A. . As a result of the consultations, a new inter-party Cooperation Agreement was signed.
On June 3-6, M. Enkhbold, the Chairman of the Supreme State Council of the Republic of Mongolia, took part in the International Forum on the Development of Parliamentarism in Moscow and held bilateral meetings with the leadership of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Interaction is expanding along the lines of structures responsible for defense and security. On April 23, 2018, bilateral consultations were held in Moscow between the Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation N.P. Patrushev and the Secretary of the National Security Council of Mongolia A. Gansukh.
During the visit to Ulaanbaatar in May 2017, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation V.A. Kolokoltsev signed an Agreement on Cooperation between the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs of Mongolia.
On May 17, 2018, on the sidelines of the VIII St. Petersburg International Legal Forum, a meeting was held between the Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation A.V. Konovalov and the Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs of Mongolia Ts. Nyamdorj.
Russian-Mongolian cooperation in the military sphere is successfully developing. On February 22, 2018, the Minister of Defense of Mongolia N. Enkhbold visited Moscow to participate in the events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. On April 4, 2018, the Minister of Defense of Russia S.K. Shoigu met with the Minister of Defense of Mongolia N. Enkhbold "on the sidelines" of the VII Moscow Conference on International Security (April 4-5, 2018).
On August 25 - September 9, 2017, on the territory of the East Gobi aimag of Mongolia, the next annual joint military exercises "Selenga" (held since 2008) were held to practice tactical actions during the counter-terrorist operation, in which about 1 thousand military personnel of the two countries took part . The next exercises will be held on the territory of the Russian Federation in October 2018. In June 2017, an intergovernmental Protocol was signed in Ulaanbaatar on the renewal of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia dated March 3, 2004 on the provision of military-technical assistance to Mongolia on a gratuitous basis. basis.
In November 2017, a regular meeting of the Joint Commission for the Implementation of the Intergovernmental Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Prevention of Industrial Accidents, Natural Disasters and Elimination of Their Consequences was held. The subject of discussion was the prevention of forest-steppe transboundary fires, training of Mongolian specialists in universities and rescue centers of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, training of foremen to repair the equipment of the mountain rescue service of Mongolia.
Inter-MFA dialogue has a regular and multi-level character. On an annual basis, mutual visits of the heads of foreign affairs departments are held: on February 14, 2017, the Minister of Foreign Relations of Mongolia, Ts. Munkh-Orgil, visited Moscow; On December 7, 2017 in Vienna, within the framework of the OSCE Ministerial Council, S.V. Lavrov discussed topical issues of bilateral relations and interaction in the international arena with D. Tsogtbatar, Minister of Foreign Relations of Mongolia, appointed in October 2017. On May 16-17, 2018, D. Tsogtbatar paid a working visit to the Russian Federation.
Active interaction is maintained with Mongolian partners in international and regional affairs, meetings are organized “on the sidelines” of international events, in particular, through the UN, OSCE, SCO and other global and regional platforms, scheduled consultations are held at the level of deputy ministers and directors of relevant departments foreign policy departments.
In the foreign trade turnover of Mongolia, Russia has been ranked second (after China) over the past decades. After a 20% decrease in the volume of mutual trade in 2016 (USD 931.6 million), bilateral trade in 2017 showed strong growth (46.9%), exceeding USD 1,368.1 million at the end of the year (Russian exports - 1326.9 million US dollars (+48.1%), imports - 41.2 million US dollars (+14.8%) The basis of Russian exports to Mongolia was oil products - 63.3%. The positive trend continues and in 2018. According to the results of the first quarter, bilateral trade increased by 28.3% compared to the same period of the previous year and amounted to $296 million (Russian exports - $287.4 million, imports - $8.6 million). USA).
The export of foodstuffs and agricultural products, machinery and equipment, products of the chemical industry, metallurgy, and electricity has grown significantly. The structure of Mongolian deliveries is dominated by mineral raw materials, mainly fluorspar (70.0%).
An effective mechanism for Russian-Mongolian interaction is the Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (IPC), its subcommissions and working groups (in 2012-2018, the Russian part of the IPC was chaired by the Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation S.E. Donskoy; Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation A.V. Gordeev was appointed the new Chairman of the Russian part of the IPC in June this year).
On February 28, 2018, the 21st meeting of the IPC was held in Moscow. Particular attention was paid to priority measures for the implementation of the Medium-Term Strategic Partnership Development Program with an emphasis on solving long-standing problems, including re-registration from the USSR to the Russian Federation of the rights to use land plots under real estate in Mongolia, increasing the efficiency of the joint JSC "UBZhD", developing mutually acceptable approaches to the environmental problems of the Baikal region in conjunction with the plans of the Mongolian side for the construction of hydraulic structures in the Selenga River basin. By prior agreement, the next 22nd meeting of the IGC is scheduled to be held in Mongolia in the second half of 2019. On April 25, 2018, a regular meeting of the IGC co-chairs was held in Ulaanbaatar.
In January 2017, the Trade Representation of the Russian Federation in Mongolia resumed its activities in Ulaanbaatar.
In June 2017, Ulaanbaatar hosted the Second Round Table of the heads of the central banks of the Russian Federation and Mongolia. It was stated that the ratification in January 2016 of the Intergovernmental Agreement on the Settlement of Mongolia's Financial Obligations to the Russian Federation in 2014 created favorable conditions for establishing cooperation in the banking and investment sector.
In September 2017, a representative Mongolian delegation headed by newly elected President H. Battulga took part in the 3rd Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok; there was also a business dialogue "Russia - Mongolia: meeting place - the Far East".
June 7-8 this year Large-scale business, fair, exhibition and cultural events were held in Ulaanbaatar as part of the Russian-Mongolian Initiative-2018 (the Russian delegation was headed by the Minister of Industry and Trade D.V. Manturov).
A significant contribution to the development of the Mongolian economy is made by the joint Russian-Mongolian enterprise Ulaanbaatar Railway JSC (UBZhD). On September 3, 2014, an Agreement was signed between JSC Russian Railways and the Ministry of Roads and Transport of Mongolia on a strategic partnership for the modernization and development of the UBZD; in December 2015, the Action Plan for the implementation of this Agreement was approved. In December 2017, in Moscow, the Management Board of UBZhD JSC approved the draft long-term development program of UBZhD JSC until 2030.
During his visit to Moscow in December 2017, the Minister of Development of Roads and Transport of Mongolia, J. Bat-Erdene, held talks with the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Transport and Russian Railways. June 8 this year in Ulaanbaatar, the Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation, E.I. Dietrich, and the Minister of Development of Roads and Transport of Mongolia, J. Bat-Erdene, signed a bilateral Intergovernmental Agreement on the conditions for the transit of goods by rail through the territory of the Russian Federation.
Cooperation has been established in the field of the agro-industrial complex. In 2011-2012 The first stage of the program to improve the livestock of agricultural animals in Mongolia from especially dangerous diseases was successfully implemented: 37 million doses of vaccines and 22 mobile disinfection units for veterinary medicine were delivered to Mongolia with the funds provided by Russia for free humanitarian aid (375 million rubles). As part of the implementation of the second stage of the mentioned program, on June 1, 2017, on the sidelines of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, a corresponding Agreement was signed between the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry of Mongolia. In August 2017, an agreement was reached to supply the Mongolian side on a commercial basis with 4.5 million additional doses of FMD vaccine, as well as 15 million doses of rinderpest vaccine to ensure the epizootic well-being of the country's territory. In connection with the appeal of the Mongolian leadership, the issue of deliveries in the form of humanitarian aid of grain and fodder to cover the deficit that formed in Mongolia after the drought in the spring and summer of 2017 is being worked out.
Ecology remains an important topic of bilateral contacts. In October 2017, the first meeting of the Russian-Mongolian Working Group was held in Ulaanbaatar to comprehensively consider issues related to the planned construction of hydraulic structures in Mongolia on the drainage area of the Selenga River and the 7th meeting of the Mixed Russian-Mongolian Commission on Environmental Protection .
Cooperation with Mongolia is being further developed at the regional and border levels (about 70% of the volume of bilateral trade is accounted for by interregional trade relations). The Subcommittee on cross-border and regional cooperation of the Russian-Mongolian Interregional Commission is actively functioning; finalization of the draft intergovernmental agreement on the promotion of cross-border cooperation.
Recently, a number of heads of Russian regions have visited Mongolia, including the Governor of the Irkutsk Region S.G. Levchenko
(February 15-17, 2017), Head of the Republic of Buryatia A.S. October 4, 2017, participation in the forum "Russia - Mongolia. Cooperation - 2017"). On October 9, 2017, the Mayor of Moscow S.S. Sobyanin and the Mayor of Ulaanbaatar S. Batbold signed the Cooperation Program for 2018-2020 in Moscow. From May 12 to May 17, 2018, at the invitation of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of Mongolia, a delegation of the Republic of Tyva headed by the Head of the Republic of Tyva Sh.V. Kara-ool visited Ulaanbaatar.
Additional opportunities for enhancing cross-border and interregional ties are provided by practical steps to implement the Intergovernmental Agreement on the conditions for mutual trips of citizens of the two countries (2014), according to which the visa regime for crossing the Russian-Mongolian border was canceled, work began on the arrangement and increase in the capacity of the checkpoint . In July 2015, an interdepartmental agreement was signed on the exchange of information obtained as a result of the use of inspection and screening complexes; in January 2017, a joint monitoring of the work of the Kyakhta-Altanbulak checkpoint took place, in which authorized departments and organizations of both parties took part.
Exchanges are expanding in the fields of science and technology, culture, education and sports. Traditional Days of Mongolian culture are regularly held in various cities of Russia, and Days of Russian-Mongolian friendship are held in Mongolia. On October 4 - November 5, 2017, regular Days of Russian-Mongolian Friendship and Cooperation were held in Mongolia, within the framework of which a bilateral business forum, an exhibition of educational services, a number of cultural events were organized. On November 29 - December 3, 2017, the Days of Mongolian Cinema were held in Moscow with the support of the Russian Ministry of Culture. The Program of Cooperation between the Ministry of Culture of Russia and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports of Mongolia for 2015-2017 has been successfully implemented. The Program of Cooperation between the Ministry of Culture of Russia and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports of Mongolia for 2018-2020 has been prepared.
On May 5, 2017, in the Victory Park on Poklonnaya Gora, the opening ceremony of the monument "On the Roads of War", donated to the Russian people during the celebration of the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, took place. On November 15, 2017, on the territory of the Memorial to the Memory of Soviet Soldiers on Mount Zaisan in Ulaanbaatar, a monument was opened to twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic I.A. Pliev.
About 3,000 Mongolian citizens are currently studying at the universities of the Russian Federation at the expense of the federal budget and on a contract basis (4th place in terms of the number of foreign students after China, India and Vietnam). Mongolia is annually allocated one of the largest quotas of scholarships for non-CIS countries, which is consistently increased (from 288 in the 2014/2015 academic year to 500 in the 2018/2019 academic year). Mongolian citizens also receive education through a number of relevant ministries and departments of the Russian Federation. An intergovernmental agreement is in force, according to which up to 30 Russian citizens enter Mongolian universities to study annually. In Ulaanbaatar there are branches of Russian universities - the Russian University of Economics (REU) named after G.V. Plekhanov and the East Siberian State Technological University (Ulan-Ude).
Mongolia is included in the number of states where it is planned to implement projects of the federal program to support the study of the Russian language abroad. In August 2009, Russian Centers were opened on the basis of the Ulaanbaatar branch of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics and the Mongolian University of Science and Technology.
Russia and Mongolia interact within the framework of a trilateral format of cooperation, which was developed in accordance with the agreement between the leaders of Russia, Mongolia and China, reached following the meeting on the sidelines of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO on September 11, 2014 in Dushanbe.
As part of the implementation of the Roadmap to further promote cooperation at the site of the next trilateral summit in Tashkent in 2016, the Program for the Creation of the Russia-Mongolia-China Economic Corridor was signed.
In August 2017, Special Representative of the President of Mongolia for the creation of the Russia-Mongolia-China Economic Corridor A. Gansukh visited Moscow and held talks with the Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation M.Yu. which discussed issues of bilateral cooperation in the transport sector, as well as the prospects for the implementation of trilateral projects as part of the creation of an economic corridor.
Executive authorities of Mongolia
The structure of the Government of Mongolia is shown in the following table:
|
PRIME MINISTER OF MONGOLIA subordinate to: Central Intelligence Agency State Property Committee Information and Communication Technologies and Postal Service Communications Regulatory Committee State Development and Innovation Committee Atomic Energy Agency State Committee for Gender Equality |
http://www.gia.gov.mn/ http://www.spc.gov.mn/ http://www.ictpa.gov.mn/
http://www.ndic.gov.mn/english/ http://www.nea.gov.mn/ http://www.gender.gov.mn/ |
|
FIRST DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER subordinate to: Intellectual Property Service Center for Standardization and Metrology Unfair Competition Protection Service State Registration Service |
http://www.ipom.gov.mn/ http://www.masm.gov.mn/ http://www.ursulduun.mn/ http://www.registrationmongolia.com/
|
|
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER subordinate to: State Service for Children National Agency for Special Investigations Agency for Emergency Situations State Committee for Combating AIDS/HIV |
http://www.nac.gov.mn/ http://www.inspection.gov.mn/ http://www.nema.mn/ http://www.nca.mn/
|
|
Secretariat of the Cabinet of the Government of Mongolia subordinate to: Management Academy Public and Government Service Agency |
http://cabinet.gov.mn/ http://www.aom.edu.mn/ http://www.sgsa.gov.mn/
|
|
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade subordinate to: Agency for Foreign Investment and Foreign Trade |
http://www.mfat.gov.mn/ http://www.investmongolia.com/ |
|
Ministry of Finance subordinate to: Tax Administration of Mongolia Customs Service |
http://www.mof.gov.mn/ http://www.mta.mn/ http://www.ecustoms.mn/
|
|
Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs |
http://www.mojha.gov.mn/ |
|
Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism |
http://www.mne.mn/index.php?lang=eng |
|
Ministry of Defence |
http://www.mod.gov.mn/ |
|
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science |
http://www.mecs.gov.mn/ |
|
Ministry of Road Construction, Transport, Construction and Urban Development |
http://www.mrtcud.gov.mn/ |
|
Ministry of Social Protection and Labor |
http://www.mswl.gov.mn/ |
|
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry |
http://www.mofa.gov.mn/ |
|
Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy |
http://www.mmre.gov.mn/ |
|
Ministry of Health care |
http://www.moh.mn/ |
Overview of the economy of Mongolia
Mongolia's GDP at purchasing power parity in 2009 was approximately $9.435 billion, or 150th in the world. In 2009, a 1% decline in GDP was recorded compared to 2008. For comparison, in the previous period, the country's economy grew by about 9% per year. In terms of GDP per capita, Mongolia ranks 166th in the world with US$3,100 per person.
Shares of industries in Mongolian GDP (2009):
Agriculture: 21.2%
Industry: 29.5%
Services: 49.3%
34% of the working population is employed in agriculture, 5% in industry, and 61% in the service sector. The unemployment rate is approximately 2.8%. The population living below the poverty line, according to 2004 data, is 36.1%.
Mongolia's economy is highly dependent on its immediate neighbors. Thus, Mongolia imports 95% of the consumed oil products and a significant part of the electricity from Russia. More than half of Mongolia's foreign trade turnover is trade with China - approximately 2/3 of Mongolian exports are directed to China. Mongolia has been a WTO member since 1997.
The main branches of the Mongolian economy.
Pasture animal husbandry. Pasture animal husbandry still remains the main type of economic activity. Today, Mongolia is among the leading countries in the world in terms of livestock per capita (approximately 12 heads per person). Significant progress has also been made in livestock breeding and veterinary medicine.
Agriculture. Agriculture plays a secondary role in the economic life of Mongolia. Various crops are grown in the northern and western parts of the country, some with land irrigation. The main crop is wheat, although barley, potatoes and oats are also grown. Experimental horticulture has existed since the 1950s, and even melon growing in the Trans-Altai Gobi. The harvesting of hay and fodder for livestock plays a significant role.
Industry. A significant number of manufacturing enterprises are concentrated in Ulaanbaatar, and in the city of Darkhan, to the north of the capital, there is a coal mining, iron foundry and steelmaking complex. There are more than two dozen cities with enterprises of national importance: in addition to the already named Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan, the largest are Erdenet, Sukhebaatar, Baganur, Choibalsan. Mongolia produces more than a thousand types of industrial and agricultural products, most of which are consumed domestically; furs, wool, leather, leather and fur products, livestock and livestock products, phosphorites, fluorites, molybdenum ore are exported.
Natural resources. Mongolia is rich in fur-bearing animals (especially marmots, squirrels, foxes), in some parts of the country the fur trade is an important source of income for the population. Fishing is carried out in the lakes and rivers of the northern regions.
Raw material base The country contains deposits of copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, tungsten. There are 4 brown coal deposits in Mongolia (Nalaikha, Sharyngol, Darkhan, Baganur). In the south of the country, in the region of the Tavyn-Tolgoi mountain range, hard coal was discovered, the geological reserves of which amount to billions of tons. Medium deposits of tungsten and fluorspar have long been known and are being developed. Copper-molybdenum ore found in Treasure Mountain (Erdenetiin ovoo) led to the creation of a mining and processing plant, around which the city of Erdenet was built. Oil was discovered in Mongolia in 1951, after which an oil refinery was built in Sain-Shanda, a city southeast of Ulaanbaatar, near the border with China (oil production ceased in the 1970s). Near Lake Khuvsgul, giant deposits of phosphorites were discovered and even their mining began, but soon, due to environmental considerations, all work was reduced to a minimum.
Mining is actively attracting foreign investors. The majority of direct foreign investments are invested in the extractive industry of Mongolia. In October 2009, the Government of Mongolia signed an investment agreement to develop the Oyuun Tolgoi copper deposit, which is one of the largest in the world.
Foreign trade of Mongolia
At the end of 2010, the balance of foreign trade turnover of Mongolia was negative and amounted to -378.7 million US dollars.
Exports in 2010 amounted to 2.899 billion US dollars. The main exports of Mongolia were copper, clothing, agricultural products, cashmere, wool, fluorspar, non-ferrous metals and coal. Main export partners: China 84.4%, Canada 4.9%, Russia 2.7%, UK 2.3%.
Imports in 2010 amounted to US$3.278 billion. Main imports: petroleum products, machinery and equipment, construction and heavy machinery, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, chemical industry products, building materials, sugar, tea. Import partners in 2010: Russia 33.3%, China 30.1%, Japan 6%, Republic of Korea 5.6%, USA 4.9%, Germany 2.7%.
Trade and economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and Mongolia
In 2010, the turnover of mutual trade between Russia and Mongolia increased by 41.7% compared to 2009 and amounted to 1015.6 million dollars, while Russian exports increased by 43.2% (to the level of 936.6 million dollars), while imports from Mongolia increased by 25.7% (to $79.0 million). The positive balance of Russia in trade with Mongolia in 2010 amounted to 857.6 million dollars.
In January 2011, the turnover of mutual trade amounted to 117 million US dollars (+51.4% compared to January 2010), including Russian exports - 113 million dollars (+54.6%) and Russian imports from Mongolia - $4.0 million (-4.3%).
Trade turnover between Russia and Mongolia in 2006-2011
(according to the Federal Customs Service of Russia)
(million US dollars)
|
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 January
|
|
|
TURNOVER |
527,6 |
677,0 |
1 170,8 |
716,9 |
1015,6 |
117,0 |
|
dynamics in % |
113,3 |
128,3 |
172,9 |
61,2 |
141,7 |
151,4 |
|
EXPORT |
489,9 |
628,8 |
1 099,9 |
654,1 |
936,6 |
113,0 |
|
dynamics in % |
110,5 |
128,3 |
174,9 |
59,5 |
143,2 |
154,6 |
|
IMPORT |
37,6 |
48,2 |
70,9 |
62,8 |
79,0 |
4,0 |
|
dynamics in % |
167,9 |
128,2 |
147,0 |
88,6 |
125,7 |
95,7 |
|
BALANCE |
452,3 |
580,6 |
1 029,0 |
591,3 |
857,6 |
109 |
the basis of the Russian export In 2010 Mongolia was supplied with the following goods: mineral products (petroleum products) - 67.5%, food products and agricultural raw materials - 13.5%, machinery, equipment and vehicles - 8.0% of the total export volume.
In the structure of the Russian import from Mongolia, the main share is made up of: mineral products (fluorspar) - 65.6%, food products (meat and meat products) and agricultural raw materials - 32.6%.
Main foreign trade partners of Mongolia in 2010
(according to the National Department of Statistics of Mongolia)
|
Country |
Share in turnover (%) |
Trade turnover |
Export |
Import |
Foreign trade balance |
|||
|
Volume (million US dollars)
|
+/- by 2009
|
Volume (million US dollars)
|
+/- by 2009
|
Volume (million US dollars)
|
+/- by 2009
|
for 2010 (million US dollars)
|
||
|
China |
56,0 |
3460,3 |
79,0 |
2460,1 |
76,5 |
1000,2 |
85,7 |
1459,9 |
|
Russia |
18,9 |
1169,3 |
39,0 |
79,1 |
16,0 |
1090,2 |
41,1 |
-1011,1 |
|
The Republic of Korea |
3,5 |
213,3 |
25,0 |
30,5
|
96,8 |
182,8 |
17,9 |
-152,3 |
|
USA |
2,7 |
164,2 |
39,6 |
4,9 |
-64,7 |
159,3 |
53,6 |
-154,4 |
|
Japan |
3,2 |
200,6 |
97,2 |
3,0 |
-34,8 |
197,6 |
103,5 |
-194,6 |
|
Germany |
1,8 |
110,1 |
28,2 |
22,1 |
41,7 |
88,0 |
25,2 |
-65,9 |
Mechanisms for deepening interstate cooperation
Russia and Mongolia
One of the main mechanisms of interstate cooperation is the Russian-Mongolian Intergovernmental Commission for Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as the IGC).
Visits to Mongolia by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin (May 2009), President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev (August 2009), Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold to Russia (December 2010) played an important role in maintaining a high level of political relations. The August 2009 Declaration, signed by the presidents of the two countries, outlines the priority areas of trade and economic cooperation, including transport and the improvement of transport infrastructure, the joint development of mineral deposits in Mongolia, the modernization of joint companies Erdenet Enterprise, Mongolrostsvetmet and UBZhD JSC, development of cross-border cooperation.
Russian side in 2007-2010. specific measures were taken to liberalize Russian-Mongolian trade:
The rates of import customs duties on fur products were reduced by 2 times from 20% to 10%;
The period of validity of import customs duty rates for certain types of clothing made of natural fur has been extended (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 15, 2007 No. 518 and June 2, 2008 No. 422), which will positively affect mutual trade;
The Russian side has reduced duties to the level of final binding or lower on 256 tariff lines that are part of the previously signed bilateral Protocol on Russia's accession to the WTO.
In the course of Russian-Mongolian consultations at the expert level in 2007-2010, the issue of a possible reduction in the rates of import customs duties on traditional Mongolian export goods (knitwear made from goat down and camel wool) was worked out by including them in the scheme of tariff preferences of the Russian Federation. When discussing this issue, the Russian side drew the attention of the Mongolian side to the fact that when the mentioned goods are included in the preference scheme, preferences of this kind will apply to all preferences included in the list of countries of users of the Russian preference scheme, which can create competitive advantages for foreign manufacturers and cause negative consequences for Russian producers.
In accordance with the agreements reached during the 8th meeting of the Russian-Mongolian Working Group on Mutual Trade Liberalization (Moscow, March 5, 2009), the Mongolian side presented a draft intergovernmental agreement on trade in goods of Mongolian production in the field of textile industry, within the framework of which on a bilateral basis, it was supposed to reduce the rates of customs duties.
In this regard, it was planned to continue consultations with the Mongolian side to agree on a list of goods, modified taking into account the proposals of the Russian ministries and departments, and to choose the format of a bilateral agreement within the framework of a free trade zone.
The position of the Russian side is recorded in the minutes of the XIV meeting of the Russian-Mongolian Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (July 20, 2010, Ulaanbaatar), where the Mongolian side was asked to set out a vision of the possible scope, structure and most significant elements free trade agreements. The Mongolian side, taking into account the information of the Russian side on the start of the activities of the customs union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, stated that it would study the possibility of starting negotiations with the Commission of the Customs Union on concluding a free trade agreement and expressed interest in continuing negotiations on the liberalization of mutual trade and the possibility of concluding an intergovernmental agreement on mutual deliveries of certain types of products on preferential terms.
During the official visit to the Russian Federation of the Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold (December 14-16, 2010), an agreement was reached at the talks between the heads of government of the two countries to study the feasibility of concluding a Free Trade Agreement. To this end, work has begun on the formation of a joint research group (JIG) to study the feasibility of concluding a free trade agreement between the countries of the customs union and Mongolia. SIG meetings are scheduled to be held in January and March 2011.
In accordance with the instruction of the Government of the Russian Federation, it is planned to hold the II Russian-Mongolian Business Forum. Chairman of the Russian part of the IPC I.E. Levitin, the coordination of the preparation and holding of the Forum is entrusted to the vice-president of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry V.P. Strashko. The Mongolian side suggests that the forum be timed to coincide with the official visit of the President of Mongolia, Ts. Elbegdorj, to Moscow (2011).
During the official visit of the Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold, an Agreement was signed between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia on the settlement of Mongolia's financial obligations to the Russian Federation, according to which 97.8% of the debt to be settled in the amount of 174.2 million US dollars was not payable and the balance of US$3.8 million payable in a lump sum within the agreed timeframe.
Projects under implementation:
1. Renova, Basic Element and Russian Railways are working to participate in the development of the Tavan Tolgoi coking coal deposit in conjunction with the modernization of Mongolia's railway transport.
JSC "Russian Railways" with a Mongolian partner created a joint venture - a limited liability company "Infrastructure Development", focused on the implementation of these tasks.
In accordance with the agreements between the heads of government of the two countries (December 2010), work is underway to agree on the conditions for the participation of Infrastructure Development and its partners in the construction of new railways to the existing UBZhD highway in the context of the development of Mongolia's resource assets.
2. Cooperation in the development of the railway infrastructure of Mongolia based on the modernization of JSC "Ulaanbaatar Railway".
In accordance with the agreements reached, work is underway to finalize the approval of an increase in the authorized capital of UBZhD JSC by 250 million US dollars in equal shares (with the provision of a Russian tied loan to Mongolia), which will significantly upgrade the enterprise and facilitate the implementation of the Mongolian railway infrastructure development program.
Projects under development:
1. Preparation by the Russian Technologies State Corporation of proposals for amending the agreements on the activities of Erdenet Enterprise and Mongolrostsvetmet limited liability companies, which are not only the leading enterprises of the Mongolian economy, but also the largest Russian state assets abroad.
2. Cooperation in the development of uranium deposits in the territory of Mongolia within the framework of the joint joint venture “Dornod Uranium” being created.
During the visit to the Russian Federation of the Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold, an Agreement was signed on the fundamental conditions for the creation of a joint limited liability company Dornod Uran and an agreement was reached on signing the constituent documents of this company as soon as possible on the basis of agreed principles.
Documents approved during the visit to the Russian Federation of the Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold:
1.
Program for the development of Russian-Mongolian trade and economic cooperation for 2011-2015, consisting of 11 sections containing specific tasks and reflecting the main areas of cooperation with Mongolia. For example, mining and transport, agriculture, fuel and energy, interbank, regional and cross-border cooperation, science, technology and innovation.
2. Joint action plan to create the most favorable legal, trade, economic and other conditions for further intensification of cross-border and interregional cooperation between the Russian Federation and Mongolia for 2011-2012.
Mongolian People's Party, having seized the absolute majority of seats in parliament in the last elections, rightfully forms its own government. Meeting VGH dragged on until 4 am from July 22 to 23 due to a long break of the MNP parliamentary group. As a result, the ruling party was able to approve 11 of the 15 new ministers of its government to parliament.
Prime Minister J. Erdenebat previously put forward his version of the formation of the government, which will have 16 ministers from 13 ministries. On this occasion, J. Erdenebat could not come to an agreement with the President Ts.Elbegdorzhem, and he refused to “accept” his version of the Cabinet on the basis that members of parliament still hold the posts of ministers (which serves as a pretext for criticizing the people’s party members themselves in previous convocations), and by changing the structure and names of government bodies, he “breaks” the principle of duration government works. But nevertheless, the Constitution of Mongolia states that the prime minister agrees with the president on the structure of his government, but has the right, without the consent of the president, to send his version for consideration to the Supreme State Council.
So, 16 ministers and 13 ministries will work with him in the new cabinet of J. Erdenebat, of which the VGH approved 11 ministers late at night from the 22nd to the 23rd.
Of the 15 ministers nominated by the prime minister, four had their names withdrawn prior to the GMC meeting by the Anti-Corruption Office on the grounds that they had violated the Conflict of Interest Act, as they still have their own business and inaccurate income statements, etc. .d.
The leadership of the People's Party decided revoke appointment suggestions:
To the post of Minister of Energy D. Tsengel (the reason is the privatization of the Darkhan CHPP by his wife);
To the post of Minister of Construction and Urban Planning G. Onurbolor (owns several construction companies of South Korean origin, violates the rules of construction work and obtaining licenses);
To the post of Minister of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry Ts. Anandbazar (his brother's business is questionable, inaccurate information about income);
To the post of Minister of Health Zh. Tsolmon (owner of the pharmaceutical and medical business).
J. Erdenebat will have to find a replacement for these candidates in the near future.
Thus, the VGH approved all 11 ministers, who were discussed until late at night.
Names of new ministers:
U.Khurelsukh
Vice Prime Minister - U.Khurelsukh
J. Monkhbat
Minister of Mongolia, Head of the Department of Government Affairs - Zh. Monkhbat
H.Oyuunkhorol
Minister of Environment and Tourism - H.Oyuunkhorol
Ts.Munkh-Orgil
Minister of Foreign Affairs - Ts.Munkh-Orgil
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