There are a large number of types of roofs that are built for a particular building. The multi-gable roof is considered the most difficult in design and installation. Despite this, she is very attractive and truly decorates the house, for which she is in demand among "wealthy" people. Such a construction is erected on houses with a square or polygonal shape, and on those to which rooms are attached above or below the main building. It is also installed in attics that need special lighting, and in houses with a complex layout.
The main advantage of a multi-gable roof is its beautiful design. It is able to cover several rooms with one level. In general, this roof does not perform any useful functions, “working” mainly for the architectural style of the building. In another way, it is called tent or hip, and slopes - hips. Currently, the most common half-hip roofs and two-level coatings.
Gable roof construction
It consists of three main elements that distinguish it from others: tongs, a large number of valleys, gables and grooves. It is a pitched structure with sloping roof surfaces to the outer walls, which ensures a natural runoff of rain and melt water.
The gable is the upper section of the wall, bounded by two roof slopes. At the same time, it is not separated in the lower part by a cornice, in contrast to the pediments. Endova - a structural element, which is the internal corners at the joints. Any gable roof consists of planes resting on the wall at the same level. From the ends they are limited to gables or tongs.
Square houses with multi-gable roofs look beautiful
A rather important part of the roof - the valley - during operation takes on the largest part of precipitation, rainwater and snow accumulate in it. Therefore, during construction work, she needs to pay close attention, otherwise she will “suffer” from leaks.
The next element of the roof is the rib. It is formed as a result of the connection of the slopes and represents the outer corner. An example of a rib is a place where two slopes are fastened together on a quadrangular roof.
A do-it-yourself multi-gable roof is a rather expensive undertaking, primarily due to the large amount of materials that are spent on the truss system and the roof due to its complex geometric shape. After the work is completed, a lot of waste is generated, especially if metal tiles are used for the roof. It is not necessary to independently build a multi-gable roof without thorough knowledge in this area. It is better to turn to professionals, because the construction of such a complex structure is not without nuances.
Endova. Atmospheric precipitation converges on it and flows down from it, so you need to pay special attention to its device.
The truss system of a multi-gable roof is also not so simple, since it often combines layered and hanging rafters, so the calculation of their cross section, the installation of stiffeners must be done especially carefully.
The simplest version of a multi-gable roof is two gable structures connected at right angles. When viewed from above, this structure will look like a cruciform figure. Most often, several parts of the building may contain gable structures, combined into a single whole. It is they who give the building a bizarre appearance.
The main elements of the rafter system are Mauerlat, rafters and beams:
- Mauerlat redistributes the load from the roof to the walls. It is made from a bar with a length of 1000 - 1500 mm and a section of 150x150 or 100x150 mm. So that the forces from the rafters do not push the walls apart, the Mauerlat must be firmly attached to the reinforced belt, which is erected during the construction of the walls. After that, the rafter legs are installed.
- For rafters, bars of the same section are used as for the Mauerlat. They can be inclined or hanging, depending on the presence or absence of additional supports.
- A ridge is made from the bars, which connects the upper parts of the rafters. Sometimes it is necessary to install additional intermediate runs.
Multi-gable roof pediment device
Step-by-step instructions for building a structure
During construction, the following steps must be taken:
- First you need to correctly measure the size of the house. For professionals, all calculations will be easier. It will be difficult for a person who does not have experience in the construction of such complex structures to navigate the position of girders, mauerlats, etc., so the control and advice of an experienced builder will come in handy.
- Calculate the length and cross section of the rafters. They are made from conifers. The moisture content of wood should be no more than 20%.
- Then you need to arrange the remaining elements: stops, skates and valleys.
- Install the Mauerlat around the perimeter of the wall.
- Fix the rafters on the Mauerlat with gashes or nails.
- At the end, there is the installation of battens, waterproofing of the roofing, heat and vapor barrier. Which crate to choose, with what step, depends on the roofing material. For soft coatings, it is necessary to choose a continuous flooring, and for a profiled metal coating or hard roofing materials, the crate is sparse.
A multi-gable roof must have high-quality vapor barrier and waterproofing
The waterproofing film is laid in strips, perpendicular to the direction of the slope. An overlap of at least 15 cm is made, in addition, the joints must be sealed with connecting tapes. Great attention should be paid to the valleys, as they are the least reliable place of the roof and take on the largest amount of water.
The choice of the angle of inclination of the roof depends on climatic conditions, material and architectural features of the building. Sometimes this figure can reach 90 degrees.
During the construction of a multi-gable roof, by default, attic space is provided for the attic. Therefore, the roof should be well insulated. Also, excess moisture should not penetrate into it.
The insulation should be based on mineral fibers, such as basalt or glass. These substances are distinguished by a soft structure, which allows you to insulate hard-to-reach areas of the roof. The insulation prevents the formation of cold zones that contribute to the appearance of strong condensate. Moisture that accumulates in the under-roofing area worsens thermal insulation and leads to rotting of wooden elements.
For attic rooms, additional slopes are required, the same valleys and ribs, as well as rafters and battens
The presence of an attic in the house allows you to significantly expand the usable space. Equipping it, it is worth remembering about ventilation. It is for the attic that it is needed even more than for other residential premises. Traditional types of rolled waterproofing (like glassine or roofing material) do not provide a long service life, strength and environmental friendliness. Therefore, membrane-type materials are now becoming more common, which increase the thickness of the insulation to the entire height of the rafters and significantly reduce the heat loss of the attic floor.
Decide on a price category
Before the construction of a multi-gable roof, the issue of price stands apart. After all, this is not only the most difficult option for building a roof, but also the most expensive due to the large amount of work and expensive materials that require a lot. This design can cost half as much as another type of roof. It is worth paying attention to the fact that considerable loads will fall on the rafter system, so you should buy only high-quality bars.
The arrangement of such a roof will cost at least half the price of another type of roof.
If you build such a roof, then you will have a large space at your disposal, which you can use as you wish. For example, with the help of this roof, wonderful upper rooms and attics are made. Since the angle of inclination of the roof is very large, all precipitation from it quickly rolls off.
Main conclusions
So, as you already understood, building a multi-gable roof is not an easy task. However, if you approach it professionally, then in the end you can get a real “candy house”, in which it is a pleasure to be. In the photo, the multi-gable roof looks very attractive, but in real life it looks even more spectacular if you approach its arrangement creatively.
Multi-gable roof combines attractive appearance and sophisticated installation
The only drawback is that the price of the necessary materials, tools, and roofing services is quite high, which is why this roof is not very popular. Basically, our houses can only boast of a gable or four-pitched roof varieties. However, the attractive appearance and the presence of attic space make a multi-gable roof an excellent option for a private home.
Private houses are decorated with roofs of various shapes. Among them there are tongs. They are a structure that rests on two walls of the same height. Such roofs have two slopes. The end part in its shape resembles a triangle. If the walls are made of wood, then such a triangle is called tongs, and if made of brick - pediments. You can make a gable roof with your own hands.
Gable roofs have two slopes. There are no restrictions on the choice of roofing materials.
When constructing such a roof, as a rule, material waste is minimal. This is due to the fact that the shape of the slopes is rectangular. By the way, slopes can have different lengths and angles of inclination.
Such a roof is characterized by the use of a warm attic, which is used as an additional room. can lead to additional costs for materials and complicate the work.
The optimal angle for the slope is determined within 20-45 degrees and depends on the construction area. If the terrain is snowy, it is better to increase the slope to avoid the formation of snow accumulations.
The device of such a roof begins with laying out the end parts - tongs. This is not the easiest task, because they must be exactly the same.
To calculate the length of the slope, use the Pythagorean theorem, familiar to everyone from school. So, if we imagine that the slope is the hypotenuse of the calculated triangle, then one of the legs will be the height from the beginning of the slope to the ridge along the plane of the wall, and the second will be half the length of the facade wall.
If the house has a simple shape in plan, then you can use the use of a gable roof, but if the shape of the structure is complex, then an option appears using a multi-gable roof. It is more difficult to build them, because they have a lot of valleys.
Gable roof device
When constructing such a roof, two types of rafters are used - layered and hanging..
Slanted are a structure that has a support beam in the middle, which transfers the load from the ridge to the Mauerlat, laid on load-bearing walls. This beam is mounted in the middle of the outer walls.
Hanging rafters are used in cases where the distance between the walls is less than 10 meters or there is no load-bearing wall in the middle of the house.
They are supported on the side walls. However, this creates a rippling effect. It gives additional load to the walls. To avoid this, the design of the hanging rafters provides for connecting the rafters with puffs in such a way that a triangle appears. Floor beams can be used to perform this function.
Puffs can be mounted from above and below. In this case, the upper ones must be installed in such a way that the distance from the ridge is more than 50 centimeters.
materials
For work you will need:
- Mauerlat. Wooden bars with a section of 15x10 or 15x15 centimeters are suitable for him;
- rafters. For them, pine boards with a section of 15x5 centimeters are chosen.
- spacers;
- counterlattice. It is laid after a layer of waterproofing. For her, choose bars with a section of 5x5 centimeters or boards 3x10 centimeters;
- the lathing is selected under the roofing. It can be made of edged or unedged boards, plywood, OSB boards.
Stages of work
- Depending on the design of the house, we choose the right one.
- If the rafter system is hanging, then the rafter legs are assembled in advance. And after the assembly is completed, the resulting rafter triangles are mounted on the two extreme structures of the truss system. Next, proceed to the installation of adjacent rafters.
- We lay the mauerlat (support beam) on the load-bearing walls, provided that the house is made of blocks or bricks, but if the building is built of beams or logs, then you can use the top bar as a mauerlat.
- Mauerlat is attached to brick walls on pre-walled threaded metal rods. They should be installed in steps of a meter and a half. This will make the structure more durable and stable. In this case, the diameter of such rods must be at least 10 mm.
- Before installing the Mauerlat, a layer of waterproofing is laid on the brick walls (roofing material can be used for this purpose). It is attached to bolts with washers.
- If the walls are made of foam concrete or ceramics, then before installing the Mauerlat, their surface is poured with reinforced concrete 20-30 centimeters high.
- Mauerlats are installed parallel to each other to avoid irregularities during the installation of the truss system.
- Before installing the rafters, it is necessary to make markings on the Mauerlat using a pencil and a ruler.
- Rafters are made in accordance with the length of the slope, which can be determined by the Pythagorean theorem, based on already built tongs.
- When calculating the length of the rafters, it is necessary to take into account the presence of an overhang, therefore, another 50 centimeters are added to the calculated value.
The length of the overhang depends on personal preferences for the appearance of the roof, but it is not recommended to make it less than 50 centimeters, otherwise it will not perform its functions - protecting the walls of the house.
- The lower end of the rafter should have a hole that will create a perfect attachment to the Mauerlat. This cut should be made 1/3 of the width of the rafter.
In order not to be mistaken with the location of the cutouts, you can prepare a small drawing, where you mark all the necessary values.
- With a hanging system of rafters, they are attached to each other on metal plates or bolts.
- They are fixed with jibs, dismantled after completion of work.
- Next, the filly is fastened, which will form the overhang of the roof.
- After the installation of the filly and rafters, they proceed to the installation of the crate and massive durable boards to the ridge.
- If we are talking about layered rafters, then the assembly begins with the installation of the bed. Supports are attached to it.
- This is followed by the installation of a ridge beam, fixed with jibs.
- And at the end, rafters with a length exceeding the length of the beam are mounted on the beam.
- The type of lathing is chosen depending on the roofing.
- Any roof, including a gable one, should be provided with a layer of hydro- and vapor barrier. And in the presence of a warm attic, there is also a heater.
The multi-gable roof is also gable, and differs from the gable roof in a large number of slopes and the presence of valleys. Their device is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. Valley - these are the junctions of two slopes, when an internal corner is formed. In such places, accumulations of snow form and a large load can lead to the destruction of the structure. When organizing such a roof, it is imperative to provide for the organization of the descent of water and snow in the form of gutters.
When constructing valleys, it is imperative to use waterproofing materials to avoid leaks and the formation of decay on the wood. The lathing in the place of such internal corners is made solid, regardless of what it is for the selected roofing. All joints should be done with high quality, without the possible formation of cracks, so that there are no vulnerabilities.
To install such a roof, it is necessary to correctly calculate all the dimensions of the house and draw a small roof plan, on which you indicate where the skates will be located, and where the valleys will be located. This will help to correctly calculate the length of the rafter legs.
Roof structures that are used in modern construction are distinguished by a variety of types. Among them, a multi-gable roof, the drawing of which you will see in the content of this article, is particularly difficult to execute and significant in cost. This is by no means an obstacle for those who want to make the final accent of their building in an interesting and original way. A roof plan of this type is complex, but it makes it possible to make the roof of a house in accordance with all the rules of building technology.
Gabled hip roof is often used in private construction. The roof spire gives the house a characteristic artistic touch. It does not bring practical benefits, but it does significant work to create the architectural appearance of the building.
Before we dwell on the design and construction of houses with multi-gable roofs, we will understand the differences between this roof and other types of roof structures.
Roofs of this type are arranged on houses that, according to the plan, are square or polygonal. Very often they have various extensions that differ in their height and have attic rooms in the attic that require special side lighting. There can be quite a lot of reasons for installing a multi-gable roof, as well as options for its construction.
The main differences of this roof include the presence of such numerous elements as valleys, ribs, grooves, gables, tongs.
The simplest versions of the roofs of houses, called gable roofs, have houses with a gable roof, in which there are no gables on the end sides. The side walls of the house with their flat surface reach the junction with the roof slopes. forceps called the upper triangular part of the wall, bounded by two roof slopes and not separated from below by a cornice. In the event that this part of the wall is separated from below by a cornice, it acquires the name "pediment".
valley called the inner corner formed between the two slopes of the roof. Valleys can experience the largest accumulation of snow in the winter and dirt, debris and dust in the summer. For this reason, in the places of the valleys, water constantly flows, as the quality of the waterproofing is violated.
Having a roof plan for a multi-gable roof, and arranging it on your own, you should pay special attention to the places where the valleys are installed.
roof ribs formed as a result of the connection of roof slopes. Their difference from the valleys is that they are not an internal, but an external corner. A striking example of a roof rib is the ridge or the place where two slopes of a quadrangular roof are connected.
It should also be noted that houses with such a roof must be equipped with a ventilated attic, which must be completely isolated from other warm rooms.
The installation of a multi-gable roof is associated with significant financial costs associated with the purchase of building materials and the payment of labor for craftsmen who, having a roof drawing, can build a unique architectural masterpiece. The reason is that due to the complexity of the geometric shape of the roof structure, the consumption of materials for the installation of the truss system and the roof itself will be greater than with a standard roof. When installing the finish coating, a large percentage of roofing material waste appears, especially when using metal tiles or metal profiles.
If speak about rafter system multi-gable roof, which forms the basis of the roof structure, it is distinguished by its complexity. Often it simultaneously combines two types of rafters - hanging and layered. Therefore, the roof project was drawn up taking into account the calculation of the section of the rafters. Their location with a certain step and the arrangement of additional stiffeners require special care and precision.
The simplest example of a multi-gable roof is two gable roofs connected at right angles. If you look at this design from above, then it will resemble a cruciform figure in its appearance.
The device of the truss system
At the heart of the truss system of a multi-gable roof, as well as roofs of other types, is Mauerlat. This bonded rigid frame is laid on top of brick or concrete walls. Its fastening to the outer walls takes place with the help of galvanized metal studs, which are installed in a reinforced belt.
Since roofs with such a complex geometric shape are a rather complex structure, it is necessary to have a roof plan with detailed drawings before proceeding with its construction. For this you need:
- know the size of all sizes of the house;
- determine the size of the slope of the roof slope, taking into account the climatic features of the region;
- know what type the future truss system will be;
- calculate the length and cross section of all rafters;
- make a markup where the valleys, ribs and skates will be located;
- calculate the location of vertical racks, puffs, runs, stops, struts and other elements that are designed to ensure the rigidity of the entire truss structure;
- make drawings on which one could see the connection nodes of the rafters with the Mauerlat and other elements that make up the truss system.
Rafter system device technology
In private houses, variants of roofs of houses may contain a whole complex of different types of roofs, which are combined under one roof structure. Naturally, everyone who is not a professional in the construction of roofs may be faced with the question of how and where to start the construction of this complex structure.
The purpose of the roofs are different from each other. They can have a different look and include skylights, the installation of which will require not only additional slopes, but also valleys and rafters, ribs and lathing, made in minimum sizes.
The device of a multi-gable roof over a square house begins with the laying of a mauerlat, which is the basic element of the entire truss system. Moreover, it does not depend on its complexity and on what roofing options you use for your home. After all, the transfer of forces from the rafters to the load-bearing walls of the house is carried out exclusively through such an element as the Mauerlat.
In order not to worry that the walls may move apart over time due to these efforts, the Mauerlat is firmly and very securely fastened to a reinforced belt, which is erected during the laying of load-bearing walls. Only after that, the rafter legs are installed.
When the house is large, it is possible to install ceiling beams, which can be longitudinal or transverse. It often takes on the function of puffs.
Rafter legs, as a rule, have a normal appearance. In the case when the roof has a hip or half-hip type, then the rafter legs can be made diagonal (sloping).
In this position, it is necessary to strengthen the slanting or diagonal rafters by installing sprigs. The roof project allows that the rafters in this case can be of a double or twin type.
The rafters are attached to the Mauerlat in such a way that special sawings are made, and metal brackets, plates and corners are also used. Fastening is chosen depending on what type of rafters will be chosen in a particular case.
The connection of the rafters is made at the top point of the roof in the region of the ridge, which is made of timber or formed using the two upper boards of the crate.
On the rafters, a vapor barrier device, battens and counter battens are produced. What type of crate will be, and with what step it will be mounted, depends on the material of the finishing coating.
With soft coatings, you need to make a continuous flooring. When covering from profiled metal, the crate must be made sparse.
The material for the truss system is a coniferous tree (spruce, pine). Wood at the time of commencement of work on the roof can be damp in the range of 18-20%.
All roof options that have wooden elements should provide for their treatment with flame retardants and antiseptics. They will protect the tree from possible fire and decay.
Multi-gable roofs, in their structural design, often contain an attic room located in the attic space. For this reason, the roof needs good insulation, as well as enhanced protection against the penetration of external moisture into it.
As a heater, you can use a material made on the basis of mineral fibers (glass or basalt). They have a soft structure that allows you to penetrate into the most inaccessible and difficult places of the roof structure. The roof plan helps to foresee where cold bridges may occur. These, in turn, inevitably lead to the formation of undesirable strong condensate. Moisture accumulating in the under-roof space affects the quality of the thermal insulation. At the same time, processes begin that lead to the decay of roof elements made of wood.
when waterproofing is arranged, special attention is paid to valleys and grooves. These places are notable for the fact that water and snow accumulate in them to the greatest extent. Water also flows in large quantities along the inner corners of these elements and therefore they require increased and most close attention.
After the installation of the truss system, a waterproofing film is laid. This is done in and in the form of strips, which are located in a direction perpendicular to the slope and have an overlap of at least 15 centimeters. Joints are necessarily glued with connecting tapes.
Roof options for houses with multi-gable roofs are distinguished by their diversity and complexity of design. For those who are not familiar with the drawings and do not have special knowledge, it may be difficult to cope with such a difficult and responsible task. Therefore, it would be wise to entrust your architectural masterpiece to experienced professionals.
Modern suburban construction pleases the eye with a variety of architectural forms. Most often, these are difficult to perform and quite expensive options that surprise with originality and aesthetics. Roof options are also chosen to match the walls being built, today intricate shapes are in fashion, complex in execution and high budget, such as multi-gable ones. Most often, such roofs adorn polygonal or square structures, houses with outbuildings that have a height different from the main building, the attics of which are equipped with original illuminated attics.
Multi-gable roof - features
It is not at all easy to build such roofs, their construction is usually entrusted to specialists: after all, before drawing up a project, it will be necessary to calculate the loads that will affect certain fragments of the structure, and therefore the supports.
The attractive features of a multi-gable roof are:
- original look, giving the house a resemblance to a fairy-tale castle,
- practicality, a properly calculated design that allows storm water to drain quickly and contributes to the descent of the snow cover accumulating during a snowfall,
- the possibility of long-term operation, reliability and durability,
- the ability to withstand significant loads, thanks to a well-thought-out truss system,
- the possibility of effective use of the under-roof space as residential and auxiliary premises.
The main problems that arise when building a house with a multi-gable roof:
- a complex structure, a multi-gable roof with their own hands is erected only if they have building experience or the opportunity to receive detailed advice from professional builders;
- increased material costs associated with the formation of a large amount of waste when covering numerous bends and slopes.
So, before deciding on the construction of a multi-gable roof, you should consult with experts and think carefully about how economically sound such a decision will be.
Multi-gable roof of houses - what elements does it consist of
The main components of the outer surface of multi-gable roofs are:
- ribs - inclined and horizontal,
- inclined planes of slopes,
- grooves for draining water and melting snow,
- drains used to carry rain
- the top of the roof is a ridge,
- overhangs, which are the edge of the roof, covering the wall of the house and preventing precipitation from falling on it.
Provide a strong frame and create a reliable support for the roof:
- mauerlat - a beam laid around the perimeter of the entire building, serving as a support for the entire truss system,
- rafters, which are a thick timber or a paired board made of natural wood,
- crate, which is the base on which the roofing material is laid and serves to evenly distribute the loads created by this material.
The corners formed at the junction of two slopes are called valleys. Special attention should be paid to the correctness of their construction: since the corners formed at the joints of the slopes will be internal, the load exerted on them will be much greater than on the rest of the roof details. The reliability of the entire roof depends on how well the valleys are built.
To ensure the integrity and completeness of the structure, it will be necessary to install additional diagonal rafters at the intersection of the slopes, this fact greatly complicates the calculation of the multi-gable roof and its construction.
Varieties of multi-string structures
If we talk about the varieties of multi-gable roofs, then they can be:
- hip, i.e. four-pitched, involving the construction of additional gable walls, complicating the design of the entire truss system;
- half hip, four forceps, in which two lateral slopes are slightly cut off from a large forceps; if half hips are built in the upper part, then the tongs will protrude from the wall.
What points are taken into account when drafting multi-gable roofs
The option with the construction of a multi-gable roof can be considered justified if the design of the house has a somewhat non-standard solution. In particular, this is an ideal option that will increase the area of the attic, create the possibility of equipping living rooms on it.
Often this type of roof is used to complete a square-shaped house, which greatly simplifies the calculation of the roof. If there is a desire to build a roof in the form of four equilateral triangles, then they must necessarily converge with vertices at one point.
A few tips from the experts:
- When constructing a multi-gable roof, you can use ready-made standard projects.
- It should not be forgotten that after the construction of such a roof, a large amount of waste roofing materials will remain.
- The complication of installation work will be facilitated by the need to install several rafters, in particular, in a hip structure.
- The slope angle of the slopes is calculated taking into account the climate in the area, as well as the desire to get one or another amount of under-roof space.
- The arrangement of the valleys, along which the bulk of the wastewater will move, will require a careful assembly of the waterproofing system.
- In winter, during heavy snowfalls, it may be necessary to clean the roof surface from snow accumulated in the valley area.
Multi-gable roof truss system
The process of building a multi-gable roof is complex and requires the involvement of roofing masters, at least for consultations - after all, during the construction process, high-quality connections of numerous ribs, grooves, valleys will be required, which will require building experience and skill.
Most often, multi-gable roofs are used in projects of private houses of intricate architectural form, with polygonal elements.
Attract developers and the aesthetics of the roof, and its performance. Sometimes the shape of the roof can have such an unusual appearance that it is not easy to recognize it as a multi-gable roof. The simplest version of this type of roof is one whose two slopes intersect at an angle of 90 degrees.
The composition of the truss system of this type of roof includes:
- beams or girders,
- rafters,
- mauerlat, which serves as the base on which the rafters are attached and ensures an even distribution of the loads created by the roof on the walls.
For the construction of Mauerlat and rafters, a wooden beam with a section of 100x150 mm is used, the best material for harvesting such a beam is pine, the recommended wood moisture content is from 18 to 20%.
The rafter system consists of rafters of two types: layered and hanging. The use of one or another type is due to the design features of a single roof; in some cases, rafters of both types can be used in one design.
At the junction of the slopes of the gable structure, diagonal rafters are used, sprigs are installed on them to support the supports. Since there are quite large loads on the diagonal rafters, the connection of two boards is used to reinforce them.
The upper part of the rafters is connected with girders made of boards or bars; if the structure is not sufficiently rigid, additional intermediate girders are installed.
- After completing the assembly of the truss system, the installation of waterproofing should be performed.
- The waterproofing film is laid perpendicular to the slope, the overlap during laying must be at least 150 mm.
- For reliability, the joints of the film should be connected with adhesive tape.
- Be sure to perform waterproofing of the inner corners formed by the slopes - this is the place where the largest mass of wastewater converges.
Upon completion of laying the waterproofing, you can begin to create a counter-lattice from the bars. The installation of roofing material is best done in accordance with the installation instructions that come with it.
Multi-gable roof construction technology
Based on the above, it is easy to conclude that a multi-gable roof is a structure consisting of two or more gable roofs. Actually, this complication of the design and gives the roof a special appeal.
The main stages of the construction of the roof will be:
- performing calculations for each structural element, taking into account the dimensions and loads that will be placed on them,
- calculation of the desired section of the rafters and their length,
- mauerlat laying around the perimeter of the entire building,
- installation of the main fragments of the structure at the calculated points,
- fastening the rafter system to the Mauerlat, using pins from reinforcement, steel wire embedded in the masonry, steel studs or nails,
- assembly of the crate, installation of hydro and vapor barriers,
- roofing material installation.
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Roofs are, as you know, flat and pitched. Pitched - architecturally more expressive and, in addition to the protective function, they also have a decorative function. The number, shape and size of the slopes depend entirely on the personal preferences of the owner and the designer's intent, taking into account, of course, climatic conditions and operating requirements.
Design features: pros and cons
Multi-gable roof - the design is quite complicated. It is distinguished by the presence of numerous intersections of slopes, at which valleys are formed, the so-called formed internal corners. The valley is considered the most unreliable element. Indeed, the maximum amount of water flows through them, despite the fact that their slope is significantly less than that of the slopes. Snow accumulates there, increasing the load on the roof. Therefore, the valley can be considered the “weak” point of such structures. So, this roof is not only complicated in its structure, but it is also not easy to follow it.
At the junctions of the roof slopes, ribs are also formed, but, unlike the valleys, they form an external corner.
A vivid illustration of them is, for example, the place where two slopes in a quadrangular roof are connected.
The shape of the structure during the construction of this type is either polygonal, the scheme of which is presented below, or square. It can be installed on houses with a complex layout or in attics, for which it is necessary to provide special additional side lighting. For extensions of such buildings, different heights are characteristic.
However, neither this nor the significant cost, because the complexity of the geometric shape of the structure leads to an increased consumption of material, does not become an obstacle for those who seek to complete their building with an interesting and original accent.
A multi-gable roof, the drawing of which for many may seem no less complicated, nevertheless can be erected independently, but subject to strict adherence to the requirements of construction technology
Multi-gable can combine under a single roof structure a number of roofs that differ in their type and purpose. The complexity of its device lies in the large number of ribs, valleys, grooves. Its spire is more of an artistic character, and it is often used to install towers and domed roofs, emphasizing the architectural style. Two-level coatings and are considered one of the most popular today.
Rafter device
The basis of the roof structure is the truss system. Most often it combines diagonal and directed to the corners of the walls. The complexity of such structures lies in the fact that all slopes do not rely on Mauerlats, as usual, but on diagonal legs. That is, the bearing capacity of the structure depends not only on the calculation of the sections of the system elements, but also on the implementation of the connection nodes and the installation of stiffeners.
The main node is considered to be the joint at one point of the ridges of the same level of different sections of the roof. The ridge beams are connected at a right angle, but, in addition, each of these angles also includes slanted legs, which are the main support for almost all rafters. The strength of this node is increased by installing puffs.
Slanted rafters are longer than conventional ones, so they are made paired. This technology simultaneously solves several problems:
- a rafter with a double section is able to withstand an increased load;
- rallying the boards makes it possible to obtain a continuous beam of greater length;
- when connecting, the standard size of the parts used is unified.
It turns out that the same boards can be practically used for diagonal devices as for ordinary ones - and the use of boards of equal height for any type of rafters simplifies the constructive solution of roof nodes. In addition, semi-legs or joists are supported on them, thanks to which the layered supports are able to carry a load that is about one and a half times more than the maximum load for conventional rafters.
The leaning of the sprigs on the diagonal leg is performed in two ways:
- top surface support. A cut is made in the rafters in such a way that half of their section - the upper one - is above the diagonal leg, and the lower one rests on the side surface.
- Support on the side. The main thing in this case is how well the supporting parts fit. The lower rafter can be more firmly connected to the diagonal leg beam by nailing an additional support boss from the trim.
The bottom of the sloping supports, usually for landing on a truss, a beam of timber, thrown along intersecting external walls at an angle, a surf or run console, is cut into the horizon and fastened with nails.
But the diagonal supports located in the valley cannot be supported with a trussed truss.
A truss truss is a truss structure with two struts installed.
The fact is that the valley forms the inner corner of the walls, so they must be supported with racks or, in extreme cases, with struts.
By the way, the installation of roofing in the case of a multi-gable roof begins with the installation of valleys, which are formed at the intersection of mutually perpendicular planes. At the same time, the technology for the execution of this unit depends entirely on the material used as the main one for the roof.
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