Building a staircase to the second floor is a rather complicated procedure, but with experience and a good step-by-step guide, it is quite possible to handle it yourself. The main difficulty in this case is that the dimensions of the span and the angle of inclination of the structure must be calculated with the utmost accuracy, since both the durability of the structure and the convenience of its operation largely depend on this. A reliable and aesthetically pleasing staircase is a great chance to test yourself and gain valuable experience for subsequent work in your private home.
First, you should decide what role your staircase should play in the overall interior. Such a design can serve as a decorative element or be invisible; moreover, the staircase can become the central element of the whole design, according to which the whole room will be designed. But before choosing a specific option and starting directly manufacturing, it is necessary to find out how this kind of staircase is arranged in general, and determine its required dimensions.
Construction - what are interfloor stairs made of
And they consist of a large number of structural elements. You definitely cannot do without some, while the rest, on the contrary, may be absent in some variations of the described design.
To begin with, steps must be present in the structure, as well as supports supporting them - these are the main elements of any interfloor structure of this type. The step itself is an element consisting of two parts perpendicular to each other. In professional terms, from the riser and the riser. The latter, by the way, serves as a kind of support under the approach, but you can often do without it.
As for the supports, they can be of two types:
- kosour (this is a special beam that supports the steps from below);
- bowstring (a similar beam for steps, only it supports them at the ends).
The next structural element is the railing. They are extremely important, although they are not available on all types of construction. And if elderly relatives or children live in your house, there is certainly no way without a railing.
Finally, balusters are special vertical supports for railings, often necessary not only for practicality, but also for decoration. Different materials can be used for balusters, and the shape of the elements is also different.
Note! Due to the wide variety of stairs, they may have such details that are required exclusively for this design. Let's get acquainted with them.
- Boltsy. By them are meant special bolts intended to support the steps. They can be attached both to them and to the walls themselves. They are not often used, but only for some versions of the stairs.
- Racks. Such elements are used in the construction of spiral staircases. Steps are attached to one such rack with an appropriate step, having a special shape and forming a spiral, which rises to the second floor from the first.
Which version of the stairs to the second floor to choose for the house?
So, first we determine which ladder we need, and make the appropriate calculations. As a rule, in private houses there are metal, concrete and wooden stairs.
According to their design, they can all be:
- screw;
- rotary;
- straight.
There are, by the way, combined options with varying degrees of complexity, but we will not dwell on them.
Concrete stairs require a very strong foundation, and the construction itself takes a lot of time, but the finished structures are very durable and strong. Installing a metal ladder is nothing complicated, but on condition that you know how to work with a welding machine. But everyone can build a wooden structure if you familiarize yourself with the algorithm of such a process.
The simplest in construction is considered to be a direct mid-flight structure - a not very complicated staircase to the second floor with your own hands. It is quite compact, does not include too many details, and complex calculations are not required in this case. If free space is limited, then the best option is a spiral staircase, which, although it looks elegant, is not always convenient to use. For example, it will be difficult for you to lift something heavy or bulky on it. More difficult to install structures that consist of several spans, however, they are the most suitable option for buildings with a large distance between floors.
Stairs to the second floor with their own hands made of wood single-flight
This design consists of the following elements:
- stringers;
- risers;
- tread;
- railing.
With what each of these elements represents, we have already figured out, so we immediately move on to the main thing.
So, the height of a single-flight staircase to the second floor should be the same as the distance between floors + floors. To simplify the calculation, it is first necessary to determine the dimensions of the steps themselves. If children or elderly relatives live with you, then it is desirable that the steps be 15 centimeters high, in other cases this height can be 20 centimeters. It is undesirable to exceed the latter value, since the ascent will turn out to be steeper, and it will not be so convenient to climb.
As for the width of the steps, it should vary from 20 to 30 centimeters - the specific value depends on how much free space is allocated for the staircase. After all, the wider the steps, the more space will be required. Select the required dimensions, proceed to the calculation of the length of the base and the number of steps. Take the total height of the entire structure and divide by the height of one riser, and round the number you get to the nearest integer and multiply by the tread depth value. For example, the entire staircase to the second floor with your own hands will have a height of 300 centimeters, and the height of each riser will be 20 centimeters.
This will require 15 steps, because:
300:20=15
And if the width of each step is 25 centimeters, then the base should be 37.5 centimeters long (15x25 \u003d 37.5).
Step-by-step instructions for making stairs to the second floor
Having finished with the calculations, start making all the necessary structural elements. Stringers must be made of hard and dense wood, since they will bear both the weight of people and the weight of the entire staircase. Cut out a template from thick cardboard, making cutouts corresponding to the dimensions of the steps, while the slope should be the same as the angle of inclination of the stairs itself. Cut out grooves on the ends of the stringers, through which they will be attached to the ceiling and base, and then mark up in accordance with a pre-made template.
To cope with the subsequent work, you must prepare:
- electric jigsaw;
- hammer;
- grinder;
- drill;
- level;
- and finally anchor bolts.
Take a jigsaw and use it to make protrusions on the stringers in accordance with the markings, then carefully sand both sides. Next, cut out mounting holes in the floor beams or, alternatively, install metal supports. In the place where the first step will be located on the first floor, install the support beam, fixing it with anchor bolts. Then install the stringers, without fail checking the slope through the level. Secure the stringers at the top/bottom with the same anchor bolts.
Now you can make the stairs yourself. Take dry boards whose thickness is at least 3.6 centimeters; the width at this time should be similar to the width of future steps or even slightly larger.
Note! When making risers, you can take boards 2 centimeters thick.
As for the length of the blanks, it should be the same as the width of the entire structure (that is, within 80-120 centimeters).
When finished cutting, carefully sand each piece to remove roughness and sharp cuts. The installation process itself is nothing complicated: coat the lower cutouts on the stringers with wood glue, attach the risers and align everything around the edges. Next, fix them using self-tapping screws, and lay the steps themselves on top. If you do not use glue, then wooden parts will create squeaks when loaded.
Lay all the steps in the same way, and then start attaching the railing. Balusters for railings are made from square bars or, alternatively, figured wooden blanks. You can mount on each step or through one (it all depends on what the characteristics of the span are). Fasten with screws, do not forget to close the caps with decorative caps. If the stairs to the second floor with your own hands will be located approximately in the middle of the room, you can equip the railing immediately on each side.
At the end, sand the finished staircase well and treat with an antiseptic. Then paint the wood or open it with varnish. It is important that the final surface is not too smooth - the roughness of the steps will significantly increase the safety of the inhabitants of the house. Apply the top coat in two or three layers, and before each new layer, the previous one must dry completely.
Straight concrete stairs
If your house is spacious enough, and the interfloor ceiling in it is made of concrete, then you may well build a concrete staircase. As a rule, people often build one of two design options:
- monolithic;
- combined type (here only the stringer is made of concrete).
Note that option #2 looks much more attractive. However, a concrete staircase requires formwork in any case, as well as a sufficiently strong base that can withstand such a weight.
To get started, prepare everything you need, in particular:
- moisture resistant plywood (can be replaced with an edged board upholstered in PET film);
- concrete;
- strong bars 10x10 centimeters in cross section;
- self-tapping screws;
- fittings or special knitting wire.
Note! The thickness of the board for the construction of formwork should be 3 centimeters, and plywood - at least 1.8 centimeters. Calculate all the necessary dimensions in the same way as for the design from the previous paragraph of the article, however, the strength characteristics of the base are required to be maximum.
Start work with the construction of formwork: take plywood or boards, knock them down in accordance with a pre-drawn drawing, avoiding cracks and observing the required slope.
When the formwork is ready, install it between floors and fix it with the same bars. Then lay out the reinforcement bars inside the formwork, tie them with steel wire. Where the railing will be installed, fix the wooden plugs, and only after that fill the entire box with the prepared concrete solution. It is important that the formwork be filled immediately, in one go, otherwise the solidity of the future structure will be broken.
After the concrete has set, dismantle the box, and moisten the formed steps with water from time to time, otherwise their surface may crack. Start finishing only when the concrete gains strength and dries completely. During the construction of stairs of the combined type, stringers are poured in the same way, and the formwork should be narrower (which is typical, the installation of steps should be taken into account here).
You can finish the finished monolithic structure with stone, wood, decorative tiles and other finishing materials. Before proceeding directly to the cladding, consider the weight - for example, the same tile will put a much greater load on the foundation than wood. You can attach any steps to concrete stringers, but they will look especially attractive with a tree.
Video - Self-made stairs
How to build a metal staircase
It is not so difficult to assemble such a structure, but this will require skills in working with a welding machine and metal elements in general.
So, to get started, prepare the following materials and equipment:
- grinder with a grinding nozzle;
- channel number 10;
- file;
- iron corners;
- metal in sheets;
- actually welding.
First, take a channel, cut it into segments and assemble a frame from them of such dimensions as the stairs to the second floor will be with your own hands. Next, take the corners and weld them to the ends of the resulting frame with the same step equal to the height of the steps. It is important that all corners are exactly perpendicular to each other. To facilitate the installation of the structure, you can weld the steps after the frame has been mounted and fixed.
Attach the upper elements of the frame to the upper ceiling with high quality, using anchor bolts for this purpose. Attach the lower ends to the floor of the lower floor. After that, weld the steps made of sheet metal and install the railing. When finished with the assembly, carefully grind the joints with a special nozzle or, alternatively, with ordinary files. At the end, treat the entire structure with an anti-corrosion primer.
How to make a spiral staircase
The main advantages of a spiral staircase are excellent decorative properties, as well as the fact that such a design does not take up much space. For example, a staircase 2.5 meters high will consist of 16-17 steps, while the base will be approximately 2 meters in diameter. One of the most popular ways to build spiral staircases to the second floor is to “string” triangular / trapezoidal steps onto a central axis. In this case, the width of the wide part will be from 30 to 35 centimeters, and the narrow one - only 15 centimeters.
For self-manufacturing stairs to the second floor you will need:
- two steel pipes 5 and 5.5 centimeters;
- primer mixture;
- wooden slats with which the template will be made;
- file;
- corners;
- welding machine.
A pipe with a smaller diameter will serve us as the main rack, therefore, its length should be the same as the interfloor distance. It is also recommended to concrete the staircase near the base to make it more stable (do not forget to set the structure vertically in advance). A large pipe must be cut into cylinders, the length of which is approximately 15 centimeters. Make sure all cuts are at a 90 degree angle, otherwise you won't be able to align all the steps horizontally.
Note! Cylinders should be put on the main pipe as tightly as possible, and there should not be any backlash. If the docking turns out to be loose, you will have to use sealing rings.
To make steps, you will need a template made from wooden slats. Glue the latter in such a way that the corners placed in the frame form steps of the required dimensions.
Weld each rung to the corresponding cylinder, then sand thoroughly. When all the necessary elements are ready, begin to assemble the entire structure. Put the steps on the axle, set the corners and weld securely.
The last step is the installation of railings and the final finishing of the entire structure. For the manufacture of railings, you can use:
- fittings;
- thin profile;
- chrome-plated pipes of small diameter.
Forged railings will also look very impressive. At the same time, do not forget that all metal surfaces must be carefully sanded, treated with a primer mixture and painted.
The spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled in a similar way, for which wooden steps are used. Wood blanks should be made in the form of trapeziums, after which a hole with a diameter of 5 centimeters is made in the narrow part. Further, using special seals, the steps must be strung on the axis and fixed there. At the end, railings are attached, the wood is primed, painted and decorated with decor.
Features of assembling stairs to the second floor on the rails with your own hands
As a result, one more interesting option should be considered on how a staircase to the second floor is built with one's own hands. In this case, we will talk about the design on the bolts, which got its name from him. Bolzen, which translates as "bolt". In other words, we are talking about a structure that is fixed on special bolts. Although in reality these are not even bolts, but fasteners made in the form of pins, at the ends of which there is a thread. Thanks to the bolts, the railings and steps are interconnected and also attached to the wall. As a result, we get an airy and light staircase that can decorate any private house. Moreover, in this case there are no risers at all.
Among other things, stairs of this type are both quite compact and stretched on a specific section of the wall. Despite the fact that these structures seem light, in fact they are strong and durable, they can easily withstand several hundred kilograms, which is why, in fact, they have become increasingly popular in recent years.
Note! It is quite obvious that it is impossible to install such a staircase in the center of the room, because, as we have already found out, the fastening is carried out to the wall. But most importantly, for the construction you need to use only high-quality and durable materials.
It is extremely difficult to calculate such a staircase with your own hands, but it can be purchased ready-made or ordered by specialists on an individual project. For more details on the installation of this design, see the video below.
That's all, good luck and warm winters!
Video - How to install a wooden ladder on the rails
The shape and structure depend on the finish inside, the height of the ceilings, the area of the room. A march is called one span, according to their number, it is customary to classify all stairs. For private two-story house the most common are one- or two-march climbs.
Spiral staircase
The screw model, or spiral, has a special charm, it looks especially good in houses made in empire, rococo, modern. Its openwork railing evokes associations with a fairy-tale castle. However, in real life this is not very convenient. Spirals were created for small spaces where it was not possible to install a wide passage. may not be safe for young children and the elderly. In the center of it is a support - a wooden or metal pipe, to which a narrow edge is attached.
Spiral steps
To make climbing safe, the width of the central part must be at least 25 cm, and the main wide part must be no more than 40 cm. The smaller the size of the opening in which it is installed, the steeper the steps for it. In modern houses, screw models are used infrequently; they can play an auxiliary role for climbing to the roof or descending to the basement. You can also use the helical design if you need an unusual exit to the . They can also be used as the main ones in houses to create a special atmosphere.
DIY calculations
Classic mid-flight stairs with any features (straight, rectangular, rotary) are used in houses much more often. They have many design ideas, are much safer and fit any design. The marching structure was created for spacious rooms, and in order to carry out its calculation and calculate the dimensions and dimensions, it is necessary to know the height of the ceiling and the length of the floor section. The ideal angle is 45 degrees.
The correct design should take into account the biomechanics of movement, ideally it should have at least 3 and no more than 15 steps (an average of 10-11, if the dimensions allow it). If their number is greater, platforms are made between them, equal in size to the size of the march. The height may vary depending on the type of room in which it is installed.
The marching type can be with or without risers (open and closed types). With them, they all look more massive and solid, they are suitable for spacious rooms,. Models without risers look more modern, their main advantage is that they do not visually burden the space and can even be used in. Open - fit perfectly into any modern design.
Marching models can be:
- straight;
- curved;
- rotary.
The type with a turn occupies a smaller area than a straight one, as a rule, it is installed near the walls. Under it is convenient to have a closet or pantry.
Bolts and railing options
Bolts can be distinguished as a separate category - special fasteners installed along the wall. The steps of this model are held on bolts attached to the wall itself. This is the best solution for modern housing. The advantages of such solutions are that they look very light and weightless, allow lighting to penetrate into all corners of the room. This staircase is best suited for, loft, constructivism. It will also be a real find for small rooms, because the width can be the smallest.
Advice! If the lift with bolts has narrow steps, it is necessary to equip it with railings. With wide and safe passages, you can do without railings at all, which will make the environment even more airy.
In the event that your country house or apartment has a second floor, then the need to place stairs is an obvious fact. The only question is this. How to properly equip and design the structure so that the beauty of the stairs is in no way inferior to its practicality, reliability and safety. Well, the fact that you have landed on our page indicates that you are moving in the right direction. Now you can be sure that your staircase in a private house will be the best of the best.
Wooden stairs to the second floor
From the existing huge number of different designs, choosing exactly the staircase that best suits your interior is not an easy task. After all, here it is necessary to take into account many factors that affect the visual perception of the interior. An important role in obtaining a positive result is played not so much by the form of the structure (although this is very important), but by the correct selection of which it will be made.
In Russia today, wood holds the palm among the most popular types of materials. And absolutely deserved. Indeed, in addition to environmental benefits, solid wood products have a number of other properties and qualities that distinguish it from the general mass.
Wooden stairs are able to withstand heavy loads, while over time they do not deform and do not lose their attractiveness. The maximum that will need to be done is to update the paintwork in a couple of years.
The staircase is a significant part of the interior, so its design should be given due attention.
A staircase in a private house is not only an auxiliary structure that helps to get to the second floor, but also a special element that complements the overall picture of the interior.
When choosing a suitable project, it is important to take into account the parameters of the room itself, whether the staircase is suitable in size, and whether it will violate the overall style of the house. Therefore, it is important to approach this issue with all responsibility.
In a cozy country house, the staircase will be in harmony with, wooden and second light. And the surrounding interior will help decorate comfortable, upholstered furniture with a small coffee table in the center.
Staircase in a private house on a metal frame
Another very popular type of construction that connects the floors of a house is a metal-framed staircase. The reliability and strength of the metal does not need advertising, but not everyone knows the information about the finishing materials with which it is best combined. We will talk about this now.
The use of bare metal is of course also acceptable, but not everyone will be pleased to walk on it, especially when the house is cool. Therefore, it is best to use a combined version of the manufacture of a staircase structure, the frame is metal, the steps are wood, glass or artificial marble.
Most often, two types of stairs are used:
- Marching - consist of the same length of marching spans and a platform separating them;
- Spiral (screw) - in the classic version, this is a staircase with a projection contour in the shape of a circle.
Stairs with transparent safety glass railings look lighter and more airy. They are best suited to high-tech interior style.
Their elegant and sophisticated appearance will always draw attention to themselves. Glass can also be combined with panels of various types of wood. The combination will look most interesting with such species as teak, oak, cedar, beech and maple.
Glass stairs for a country house (photo)
Despite the fact that glass stairs have a design that is not quite familiar to the home, today the popularity of these designs is quite high. Their elegant design will be appropriate for any interior design, and the specially tempered impact-resistant glass from which the steps and railings are made makes the structure absolutely safe for home use.
But there is no limit to the perfection of beauty, and today's manufacturers offer glass stairs, with neon lighting on each step. In the evening, this spectacle looks truly magical and bewitching.
The variety of shapes and types of designs make it possible to make the style of your interior unique and inimitable. And with the help of various lighting fixtures and other decorative elements, your staircase can be turned into a real work of art.
Spiral staircases to the second floor (photo)
A spiral staircase in a private house is mainly used if there is not enough free space to equip an ordinary mid-flight staircase. The structure consists of steps fixed on the central pillar of the base and a protective fence in the form of railings and handrails of various shapes.
The spiral staircase has incredible appeal and beauty. Its smooth lines and curves create the perfect shape to suit most interiors. It looks especially great in spacious living rooms in Art Nouveau, Provence, Eco and Country style.
Due to its mobility and compactness, you can use the screw almost anywhere. This may be a hallway and even with. They are also often installed between the last floor and the attic.
Among the advantages of a spiral staircase are the following:
- Small size - minimum requirements for free space;
- Acceptable cost - when compared with a mid-flight staircase, the cost of a spiral staircase is significantly lower;
- The visual effect of increasing the height of the floor, especially relevant for rooms with low ceilings;
- A huge variety of shapes and designs, allowing you to create a unique interior at home.
A spiral staircase in a private house also has its drawbacks:
- Operation - in fairness, one should recognize the fact that using a spiral design is much less convenient than a marching one. In the event that you need to lift something dimensional upstairs, you may encounter great difficulties;
- Manufacturing - in order to properly design a spiral staircase, the most accurate calculations and extensive experience are required;
- Safety - for people with a weak vestibular apparatus, it will be quite difficult to climb to a great height.
The material for the manufacture of spiral stairs can be wood, metal, concrete, marble and even glass. Based on this, decorative elements for the design are selected. A spiral staircase in a private house is perfectly combined with hanging railings, which are made of metal in the form of peculiar threads stretching from the ceiling.
Depending on the style of the interior, one or another material is selected. Metal will be appropriate in classic minimalism and in unpredictable baroque. Glass looks amazing in modern and Scandinavian style interiors. Concrete or marble will be a wonderful decoration that will emphasize the character of the loft, art deco or eclectic style.
The absence of walls in the interior of the loft style indicates that the staircase will be open for viewing. Therefore, its design should be thought out to the smallest detail, since it is she who will set the main tone of the interior, emphasizing its exceptional masculine character.
Wood, glass and metal are the main materials for the manufacture of stairs, characteristic of this style. Here, both screw and marching types of structures are applicable, but the latter is still more common. Transparent glass, with openwork steps and wrought iron railings allow you to simultaneously harmoniously combine massiveness and lightness. But for more restrained interiors, a solid wood is better suited, which makes the structure look more luxurious.
Design Tricks
Very often, a metal staircase is covered with dark paint, or patina is used to get the effect of a copper surface. This technique allows you to create the illusion that the design has been used for a long time. Such stairs look very interesting, besides, they create a feeling of habitable space.
To make your interior as close to the loft style as possible, part of the walls should be decorated with artificial stone. Also, parquet or parquet, which are quite simple, can serve as a decoration for walls and ceilings. The pronounced wood texture on the facades of the walls will bring the missing warmth and tranquility into the interior.
Modern staircase design that can surprise
The staircase in a private house, which has an original design, will turn your interior into a true work of art. A whimsical architectural design in a futuristic and modern style, with beautiful railings made from a variety of materials, will create a truly unique structure that will be the focus of your unique interior.
Noble metal, chrome steel, lacquered steps, clear glass - this is a small list of materials that will emphasize that your stairs belong to the above styles.
Modern style does not accept the presence of a large number of different accessories that distract too much attention. The overall picture must strictly comply with the general rules of the interior. The color scheme is selected carefully, according to the preferences of the owners of the household.
Concrete stairs to the second floor
What can be more reliable and better than concrete? That's right, only even more reliable and high quality. This is an incredibly durable and strong material from which you can make truly amazing designs, mid-flight and spiral staircases, charming with their unearthly beauty. The uniqueness of the material allows you to use and combine it with almost any finishing materials, be it stone or glass.
In order for the appearance of the structure to be admirable, the railings and steps must have an impeccable appearance that can satisfy even the most sophisticated connoisseur of beauty. However, chasing beauty, it is important not to forget about the main functional purpose of the staircase structure - it is a safe, convenient ascent and descent for a person.
One of the most important principles for choosing the right design for a staircase is the harmonious combination of its shades with the rest of the interior. The staircase in a private house should be perfectly combined with the general landscape and have common features with it.
Gray is the color of sophistication and sophistication
We hope you were able to make sure that the world of stairs is simply huge. In it everyone can find something suitable, both for themselves and for their friends.
By following the basic rules, you can choose for yourself exactly the ladder that you have been dreaming about for so long.
A properly designed turning staircase will perfectly complement the interior.
Any private house with more than one floor forces its owner to build an interfloor staircase. It is quite possible for an experienced owner in construction matters to make it with his own hands. But it should be borne in mind that it is better to think about building in advance - even before building a house, at the design stage.
Complicated staircase structures are obtained due to an elementary lack of space. The owners in such cases make a choice in favor of a spiral staircase or a marching staircase with a turn. It is possible to achieve success in the construction of an interfloor staircase with your own hands if you correctly calculate the entire staircase structure and plan the process of its construction. But to consult a specialist, for example, about the permissible load on the stairs, of course, is worth it.
What type of construction to choose
First of all, you need to decide on the purpose and frequency of its use. In some cases, the preferred option is a lightweight folding design that does not have rotations and is not designed for heavy loads. For example, when the 2nd floor is an attic (or even an attic), then it is unlikely that there will be a need to move large and heavy objects there. The number of people regularly going up to such a floor will also be small.
In some cases, just such a ladder will be appropriate. The most common and easiest to manufacture design that connects the second floor to the first is a marching staircase. It is not only convenient, but also safe, and this is important if children and the elderly will use the stairs. In addition, a well-made mid-flight staircase can easily be lifted to the top floor and lowered back large items - furniture, for example, or building materials. It is easier to build a marching staircase with your own hands. It is usually built from wood or metal.
The marching staircase is not only very convenient, it is also very easy to construct it on your own. The stairs to the second floor are often made in several marches. The reason for this decision is the need to fit the structure into a limited space, while maintaining the correct angle of inclination.
Important!
If the ladder is made too steep, it will be uncomfortable to use.
Revolving stairs with a comfortable angle of inclination of marches. What is the use of drawing
The homeowner has every right to do everything at his own discretion - choose the height and width of the structure, build it from wood or metal parts, do all the work with his own hands or hire specialists, make a choice in favor of one configuration or another. But still, you should carefully consider the observance of certain parameters of the stairs. To make it safe and comfortable, you should, first of all, maintain the correct ratio of the height and depth of the steps, because it is these dimensions that determine the slope of the entire structure.
Non-standard steps can and will give your staircase an original look, but it will not be very comfortable to use it. In any case, drawing up a drawing of the future staircase will allow you to take into account all the subtleties of the structure connecting the first floor to the second, which will significantly reduce the likelihood of errors. Even the fitting of parts is most likely not needed if the drawing is done properly (which, by the way, is not so difficult). Another positive point is the ability to accurately calculate the amount of material required for the manufacture of a ladder structure.
Even such a simple drawing will allow you to avoid a lot of mistakes. Main settings
The drawing should begin with a floor plan. It includes doors, windows, furniture and other possible obstacles. It is advisable to take further design steps only after familiarizing yourself with the existing building codes regarding staircases. Here is a list of the most basic ones:
- The slope of the stairs must not exceed 45°.
- The minimum march width is 0.9 m.
- The maximum riser height is 20 cm.
- The depth of the step is not less than 25 cm.
- Fencing (railing height) - 0.9 m.
In addition, all steps must be the same height, otherwise it will be uncomfortable to walk up the stairs. The only exceptions are the first and last steps. Sometimes calculations require this, and sometimes the first step is made in the form of a platform in front of the stairs.
It is noteworthy that a different march width within the same staircase is allowed. average human step
The convenience of the stairs will also depend on what the value of the step of a person is taken in the calculations. The average human height is in the range of 160-180 cm, the step corresponding to this growth is 60-64 cm.
The length of the foot is also taken into account. It is assumed here that the walker feels safe when 70% of his foot is on the supporting surface. Again, based on average values, the step depth is chosen from the range of 25–30 cm. There is a formula that relates three parameters: 2h + d ≈ 60–64 cm, where 2h is twice the riser height, d is the tread depth, and the sum of these numbers should give the value of the average human step. It is worth noting that this formula is not a "panacea", the poet should not take it as a prerequisite.
An alternative way to calculate stairs Part 1
An alternative way to calculate stairs Part 2
How difficult is drawing
To draw a diagram of a direct march, it will be enough school knowledge from the geometry course. You can do it yourself. But before applying the drawing of the future staircase to the floor plan, it is necessary to calculate all its parameters. To do this, you can use the following instructions:
- The number of steps is calculated - the height of the room is divided by the height of one step. In this case, the overlap should be taken into account, that is, the distance from the floor of the 1st floor to the floor of the 2nd is taken.
- Then you need to determine the length of the structure, for this the depth of the tread is multiplied by the number of steps. If the length is known or there are serious restrictions on its value, then they do the opposite - calculate the depth of the tread based on the length of the march: divide the estimated length by the number of steps.
- Make the necessary adjustments to make the design comfortable and fit into the interior of the room.
- The area of the staircase structure is calculated: the width of the march is multiplied by its length.
- The lengths of the support beams (bowstrings or stringers) are also required. For the calculation, they use the Pythagorean theorem - the height of the ladder structure and its projection onto the horizontal axis act as legs. The square root of the sum of the squares of these dimensions will give the hypotenuse - the desired length.
- The obtained values are entered into the drawing.
Stair turn
Now the most important thing is that first the parameters of the turning part are calculated, and only then they take up the marches. Here you need more knowledge than in the case of simple stairs and without a well-constructed drawing it will be difficult to figure it out. Drawings made by professionals can serve as a good example for beginners. It should also be borne in mind that calculations are often a process of successive approximation, that is, it is far from always possible to immediately get into those same dimensions, you have to refine individual parameters step by step.
The drawing should display the stairs in three projections. How is a turn made? There are two options - inter-span platform or winder steps. The first option is easier, you can do it yourself. In addition, it is more convenient to use the site, but space is needed.
Designs differ in ease of use and complexity of design. The second option is used when there is not enough space. The calculations in this case are more complicated - you will have to try to make the stairs comfortable and safe. The following methods are used to calculate winder steps:
- proportional;
- Danish;
- line rotation method;
- sweep method.
We draw running steps. Important!
When using winder steps, it is necessary to control their depth on the line of motion - it should not be less than 20 cm.
The depth of the tread of winder steps, as a rule, is increased by creating an overlap of 3-4 cm. It is undesirable to exceed this value, since the descent can become uncomfortable and even dangerous. When there is not enough room to fully place the foot, a person may slip, which will lead to injury. Climbing such steps is also inconvenient - the toe will constantly cling to an overly large overlap.
The 180° swivel design requires a certain distance between flights. A value of 75 mm is the minimum allowed for this gap.
Creating Winder Steps for a Revolving Stair
Ready options
Not all owners of private houses have the desire and time to make drawings and do construction work with their own hands. Especially when there are very good options for finished ladder structures assembled from modules. A variety of modifications are available - straight, screw, curvilinear. Some are assembled from wooden elements, others from metal. And all this is no more difficult than a children's designer - a few hours are spent on it. The height and width of the parts are easily adjustable, making it possible to fit the staircase into the interior and provide access to the upper floor in the shortest possible time. The variety of style solutions will allow you to find the right option for any situation.
Modern modular stairs can be very stylish and yet easy to assemble. It is also worth paying attention to specialized software designed to calculate various parameters - SolidWorks, StairDesigner and others. With such tools, building a complex structure with your own hands will become possible even for someone who has not dealt with drawings. In addition, there are free online services for designing simple structures, that is, anyone can try their hand at designing without installing additional software on their computer.
Designing a staircase in the Compass program (simple version)
Stair design in AutoCAD (complex)
If you are planning to build a two-story private house or a country cottage, then at a certain point in the construction you will need to take care of the construction of a staircase to the second floor. Not everyone can make a staircase with their own hands - for this you need to have certain carpentry skills, and some experience, as well as enough free time. Wouldn't it be better to take advantage of an advantageous and.. offer from our professional company in Moscow. We offer stairs for every taste, color, style and economic opportunity of our customers. And with the current price list and with 100 magnificent photos of designs you can find in the presented article.
100 photos of the most beautiful stairs for every taste
Before proceeding to get acquainted with the incredible variety of ladder systems from a domestic manufacturer in Moscow, let's get acquainted with the theory - and what kind of ladders exist in nature.
Types of ladder systems depending on the design
So, stair structures to the second floor are divided into the following types:
screw
Spectacular and compact products, complex in manufacturing method, but with a magnificent view. Their main advantage is their small size, which makes it possible to place the structure even in a very small area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
Photo 1.marching
This type of ladder structures is the most common and in demand. This is explained by the simplicity of the circuit, reliability, conciseness and relatively low cost.
Photo 2.Combined
This type of stairs is a great way out for those who wish to combine the advantages of the two types listed above - compactness from a screw design and practicality from a marching system.
Photo 3.Types of stair structures depending on the material
Today, modern manufacturers offer consumers an incredible number of all kinds of ladder systems from materials such as:
- Tree of various breeds;
Photo 4. The cost of wooden stairs is also very different, it all depends on the value of the wood. For example, an oak product with handmade railings will cost much more than a beech or spruce staircase. - Marble and other natural mineral;
Photo 5.- Ultralight metal alloys;
Photo 6.- Forged construction;
Photo 7. Forged stairs are grandiose and magnificent. The high cost of such work is more than compensated by the incredibly spectacular appearance of the product. - Concrete system;
Photo 8.- Combined designs that include several materials at once in one product - wood, metal, stone.
Photo 9. Stair structures that combine several types of manufacturing materials at once are a real work of art that can transform your home beyond recognition Our specialized enterprise in Moscow offers its customers modern, safe and beautiful staircase designs for every taste. In the assortment of the company you will find a huge number of ready-made products, and you can also order a staircase according to an exclusive original project.
Photo 10. Spectacular and high-quality products from the company "Profi Stairs" will perfectly fit into both modern and classic interiors. Huge selection of inexpensive stairs in Moscow
In a huge and diverse catalog of our company, ready-made stairs are presented at attractive and competitive prices, classified in the following areas:
- modular designs;
Photo 11. The modular system will perfectly fit into any modern interior. - wooden crafts;
Photo 12. Wooden stairs - stylish, reliable and environmentally friendly - stairs for cottages;
Photo 13. Stairs for cottages will certainly decorate the interior of your home - structures of the second floor;
Photo 14.- products to order;
Photo 15. Order a ladder from us and you will transform your home beyond recognition - spiral staircases;
Photo 16.- products with forged elements
Photo 17. Stairs decorated with forging are always in trend - metal structures and other types.
Photo 18. Metal stairs are suitable for a stylish country house Staircase designs for every taste
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Photo 27. What kind of stairs do not exist in nature - order an exclusive design for yourself
Photo 28. The staircase will create coziness and emphasize the style of your home.
Photo 29. Wood is the most versatile stair material.
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Photo 32. Straight staircase in the style of "minimalism"
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Photo 34. Design construction of the second floor
Photo 35. Cozy wooden staircase for a country house
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Photo 40. One of the incredible designs
Photo 41. Classic is always in fashion Photo 42. Photo 43. Photo 44. Forged products - grandiose and magnificent
Photo 45. Photo 46. Photo 47. Photo 48. Photo 49.
Photo 50. The price of a ladder product depends on many factors - the complexity of the design, the cost of the material, the exclusivity of the design
Photo 51. Ladder with wide steps and a slight bend is absolutely safe to use
Photo 52. Thanks to forged elements, the design looks light and airy.
Photo 53.Price list for stairs from a company in Moscow
Let us consider in more detail with the indication of prices for each of the types of stairs presented by our company, indicating their current price.
Modular stairs
Photo 54. Modular staircase "Duet" with steps made of natural oak
Photo 55. Construction "Duet" with steps made of beech - an economical and effective product for your interior Modular stairs series "Elegant" - a great solution for a stylish interior at affordable prices, presented below:
Photo 56.56 335
rub.
Photo 57.50 390
rub.
Photo 58.51 321
rub.
Photo 59.44 290
rub.
Photo 60."Prestige" with a turn of 180 degrees - price 47 160
rub.
Photo 61. Direct "Prestige" - 42 748
rub.
Photo 62."Solo" of a direct design - a stylish and effective product at a reasonable price 70 858
rub.
Photo 63.78 498
rub.
Photo 64. 180 degree reversible design "Modern" - exclusive and fashionable design at an affordable price 125 262
rub.
Photo 65. Staircase with a turn of 90 degrees series "Modern" cost 120 030
rub.
Photo 66. Product "Super Elegant" with 180 degree rotation has a price 108 277
rub.
Photo 67.113 118
rub.
Photo 68.wooden stairs
This type of stair products will appeal to those who appreciate natural wood, simplicity and reliability of the design. The material used for the manufacture of these stairs is environmentally friendly, beautiful and reliable.
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