Portable email tools, manual electric machines, lamps must meet the requirements of state standards and specifications in terms of electrical safety.
To work with portable power tools and electrical machines of class 1 in rooms with increased danger, personnel with group P must be allowed. Connecting auxiliary equipment (transformers, frequency converters, etc.) to the electrical network and disconnecting it from the network must be carried out by electrical personnel, having group Ш, operating this electrical network.
In rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous, portable electric lamps should have a voltage of no higher than 50V. When working in particularly unfavorable conditions (wells of switches, drums, boilers, etc.), portable lamps must have a voltage of no higher than 12V.
Before starting work with hand-held power tools and lamps, you should:
Determine the class of the machine or tool according to the passport;
Check the completeness and reliability of fastening parts;
Make sure that the cable, its protective tube and plug are in good condition, integrity
insulation of the body, handle and covers of brush holders;
Check the clarity of the switch;
Check idle operation.
It is not allowed to use a power tool that has defects in work.
When working with power tools, wires and cables should, if possible, be suspended.
Contact of cables and wires with hot, damp and oily surfaces is not allowed. If a malfunction is detected, work must be stopped. Power tools issued and used in work must be checked and tested within the time limits and to the extent established by GOST, the technical specifications for the product.
In the event of a power failure or interruption in operation, the power tool must be disconnected from the mains.
Workers using power tools are prohibited from:
Transfer power tools to other employees;
Make any repairs to the power tool;
Hold on to the wire. machine, touch rotating parts, remove chips, sawdust until the tool stops completely;
Install the working part in the tool chuck of the machine and remove it from the chuck, as well as adjust the tool without disconnecting it from the mains;
Work with ladders; for this, strong scaffolding and scaffolding must be installed;
Bring inside the drums of boilers, metal tanks, etc. portable transformers and frequency converters.
To maintain the good condition of the power tool, by order of the head of the organization, a responsible employee with a group Ш
Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training, have passed the appropriate exam and have an entry about this in the certificate, and have an electrical safety group of at least II, are allowed to work with an electrified tool.
Electrified tools include electric drills, electric grinders and electric cutting machines, electric wrenches, electric hammers, etc.
Power tools powered by the mains must be equipped with a non-removable flexible cable (cord) with a plug.
The cable at the point of entry into the power tool must be protected from abrasion and kinks by an elastic tube made of insulating material with a length of at least five cable diameters.
The total time of work with a power tool that generates high levels of vibration should not exceed 2/3 of the working day.
A hand-held electrified tool must be used at a voltage not exceeding 42 V. The case of a hand-held electrified tool of class 1 (at a voltage above 42 V, not having double insulation) must be grounded.
Class 1 power tools can only be used in rooms without increased danger, class 2 - in rooms with increased danger and outdoors, class 3 - in especially dangerous rooms and in adverse conditions.
Premises with increased danger are characterized by the presence of one of the following conditions:
- dampness or conductive dust (relative air humidity over 75%);
- conductive floors (metal, earth, etc.);
- high temperature (exceeds 35 0 С);
- the possibility of simultaneous contact with the metal structures of buildings connected to the ground, devices, mechanisms, etc., on the one hand, and to the metal cases of electrical equipment, on the other hand.
Particularly dangerous premises are characterized by the presence of one of the following conditions:
- there are vapors, gases, liquids, deposits or mold are formed that destroy the insulation, increased dampness (relative humidity is close to 100%);
- chemically or organically active environment, live parts of electrical equipment;
- a combination of at least two high-risk conditions.
Class 2 power tools are marked with the appropriate sign.
Class 3 power tools are produced with a rated voltage not exceeding 42 V.
The worker is forbidden to independently connect the power tool to the network in the absence of a special plug connector.
When working with power tools, the following requirements must be met:
- work in rubber dielectric gloves, dielectric galoshes or on a dielectric rug;
- do not connect the tool if there is no safety plug connection;
- protect the wire supplying the power tool from mechanical damage;
- do not move the power tool by the wire;
- do not independently carry out any repairs to the power tool;
- do not replace the cutting tool until the motor stops completely;
- during interruptions in work or a power outage, disconnect the tool from the network;
- do not work from ladders;
- do not transfer the power tool even for a short time to other persons who do not have the right to use it;
- do not repair wires and plug connections;
- do not leave the instrument unattended.
In the process of work, it is forbidden to stretch and bend the supply wires and cables, to allow them to intersect with metal ropes and cables, electric cables and live wires.
It is possible to work with a power tool that has double insulation or is connected through an isolating transformer without additional protective equipment and measures. Tool bodies with double insulation or connected via an isolating transformer or the secondary winding of an isolating transformer must not be earthed. The case of the isolating transformer must be grounded.
Power tool housings must be grounded if they are connected to a mains voltage above 42 V and are not double insulated.
When using a power tool with a grounded housing, the socket outlet must be equipped with a special contact for connecting the ground wire.
The operation of an electrified tool must be stopped immediately if one of the following malfunctions is detected:
- damage to the plug connection;
- fuzzy operation of the switch or switching equipment mounted on the case;
- the appearance of sparking brushes on the collector, accompanied by the occurrence of a circular fire on its surface;
- leakage of lubricant from the gearbox or ventilation ducts;
- the appearance of smoke or smell characteristic of burning insulation;
- breakage or appearance of cracks in the housing, handle or switching equipment;
- increased noise or vibration;
- the appearance of a sensation of at least a weak action of an electric current.
Forbidden work with power tools outdoors in precipitation and high humidity.
Forbidden issue for work a power tool that has at least a slight defect.
Periodic inspection of power tools should be carried out at least 1 time in 3 months, and checking the condition of the insulation and the supply wire with a megohmmeter - monthly with an entry in the journal of periodic inspections and checks.
What is the article about: the article contains the requirements that apply to hand-held electric machines (hereinafter referred to as power tools) during operation.
What you need to know when working with power tools. Dangers that lie in wait for the worker
Document: Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus dated 06/03/2003 No. 70 "On approval of the Intersectoral General Rules for Labor Protection" (as amended on 09/30/2011).
Document: Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus dated December 27, 2007 No. 188 “On approval of the Intersectoral standard instruction on labor protection when working with hand-held electrified tools”.
Document: Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus, the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Belarus dated 04.12.2008 No. 180/128 “On approval of the Intersectoral Rules for Labor Protection in Automobile and Urban Electric Transport”.
A hand-held electric machine (power tool) is a machine driven by an electric motor (or electromagnet) that is integral with it, the weight of which, in whole or in part, is perceived by the operator's hands. A manual electric machine is designed to perform mechanical work. The movement of the working body of the manual machine is carried out by an electric motor, and the feed and control are carried out manually.
The most common types of manual electric machines are drilling, grinding, threading, threading, cleaning, milling, saws, planes, groovers, jigsaws, scissors and metal edge cutters, hammers, perforators, rammers, furrow cutters, furrow cutters, sealers, sprayers, paint sprayers, delimbers , lawn mowers, nailers and staplers, animal clippers, etc.
General requirements for power tools
The power tool, which is powered by the mains, must be equipped with a flexible cable (cord) with a plug.
Class III power tool plugs must be designed so that they cannot be plugged into socket-outlets with voltages greater than 42 V.
The power tool must be in good working order, not have live parts accessible for accidental contact, damage to the case and insulation, be used only for its intended purpose, comply with working conditions and the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts for a specific type of tool.
Power tool testing
The organization must keep records of the power tools and lamps, auxiliary equipment issued and used in the work. Inspection and testing should be carried out within the terms and volumes established by TNLA.
Carrying out periodic tests and checks of power tools, auxiliary equipment for them is made out by a record in
Tests are entitled to be carried out by responsible electrical personnel with an electrical safety group of at least III, appointed by order (order) of the head of the organization.
Before starting work
Before starting work, the employee must:
Determine the class of the instrument according to the passport;
Check the completeness and reliability of fastening parts;
Make sure by external inspection that the cable (cord), its protective tube and plug are in good condition, that the insulating parts of the body, the handle and covers of the brush holders, and protective covers are intact;
Check the clarity of the switch;
Perform (if necessary) testing of the residual current device;
Check the operation of the power tool at idle;
Check for a class I power tool that the ground circuit is working (body - ground contact of the plug).
When using power tools, portable lamps, their cables (wires) should, if possible, be suspended.
Attention! Direct contact of the cables (wires) of the power tool with hot, wet and oily surfaces or objects is not allowed.
Where should an employee be vigilant?
The worker must check that the cable of the power tool is protected from accidental mechanical damage and contact with hot, damp and oily surfaces. The cable must not be pulled, twisted or kinked. It is forbidden to put a load on it, and also to allow it to cross with cables, welding wires, hoses for gas welding and cutting of metals, and the like.
Important! If any malfunctions are found, work with hand-held electric machines, portable power tools and lamps should be immediately stopped.
It is necessary to store the power tool in a dry room, equipped with special racks, shelves, drawers, ensuring the safety of the power tool. Requirements for the storage of power tools, depending on its type, are prescribed in state standards and technical conditions, operational documents of the organization - the manufacturer of the power tool.
Attention! It is not allowed to store power tools without packaging in two or more rows.
The transport of the power tool must prevent damage to it. It is not allowed to transport the power tool together with metal parts, products and the like.
Hand tool requirements
Hand tools (hammers, vise, chisels, etc.)
On working surfaces should not have damage (potholes, chips);
On the side faces in the places where they are clamped with a handle, there are burrs, scuff marks and sharp edges;
There are burrs and cracks on the surface of tool handles, the surface should be smooth;
Should not have an overheated work surface.
The length of the chisel must be at least 150 mm, and the length of the crosscut, barb, center punch - no more than 150 mm.
Files and chisels should have wooden or plastic handles with metal rings on them.
The strikers of hammers and sledgehammers and other impact tools must be made of dry hardwood (birch, oak, maple, ash, hornbeam) without knots and slant or synthetic materials that provide operational strength and reliability.
By the free end of the handle should thicken somewhat to avoid slipping out of the hands.
The handles (shanks) of the shovels must be firmly fixed in the holders, and the handle protruding from the holder must have a cut inclined to the plane of the shovel.
Crowbars should be straight, with drawn and pointed ends.
The impact tool (chisels, barbs, notches, cores, etc.) must have a smooth occipital part without cracks, burrs, work hardening and bevels.
The working surfaces of the wrenches should not have knocked down bevels, and the handles should not have burrs. Keys must have parallel, unworn and uncut jaws. The key size should be marked on the handle.
Sliding keys must not be loosened in moving parts.
The working ends of the tool must not be damaged.
Hammer handles must have an oval shape along the entire length in cross section, be smooth and not have cracks.
It is not allowed to use handles made of soft and large-layered wood species (spruce, pine), as well as raw wood.
Operating conditions for hand tools
Hand-held bench and assembly tools and other everyday tools are assigned to the employee, who is responsible for their good condition. The tool and data of the employee to whom it is assigned are made out by an entry in journal of unified accounting of work on labor protection of a workshop or section in the section "Magazine for the provision, inspection and testing of tools and auxiliary equipment."
Each time before starting work, the tool is inspected by a person responsible for its good condition. Defective tools must be removed or replaced.
All daily used metalwork and assembly tools and other hand tools are subject to inspection by a mechanic (responsible for the good condition of the tool), as well as by the head of the workshop or section, but at least once a quarter.
A defective tool, as well as a tool made by improvised means in violation of the requirements for it, is subject to seizure and refurbishment.
Cases, covers, portable tool boxes and other protective devices are used to protect the tool during storage, carrying and transportation. .
requirements for safe work. Worker's personal protective equipment when performing work
When performing work using an impact tool to protect the eyes of workers from flying fragments, the worker must be given goggles.
Workpieces processed on desktop drilling machines, parts and products must be installed in a vice, conductors and other devices and securely fastened to the machine table.
When working near flammable, explosive substances, in an atmosphere with the presence of vapors or dust of these substances, a metalwork tool that does not form sparks is used.
When cutting metal with a manual hacksaw frame for metal, make sure that the hacksaw blade is firmly fixed and sufficiently tensioned.
When working at height, a special bag must be issued for the tool .
The screwdriver must be selected according to the width of the working part (blade), depending on the size of the slot in the head of the screw or screw.
The dimensions of the gap (capture) of the wrenches should not exceed the dimensions of the heads of the bolts (faces of the nuts) by more than 0.3 mm.
When unscrewing, tightening nuts and bolts, it is not allowed to lengthen wrenches with additional levers, second keys or pipes. If necessary, wrenches with long handles should be used.
Vices on workbenches are strengthened so that their jaws are at the level of the worker's elbow. The vise must provide a reliable clamping of the product. The moving parts of the vise must move without jamming, jerking and be fixed in the required position. The handles of the vise and overhead straps must be free of nicks and burrs. The vise is equipped with a device that prevents the lead screw and nut from completely unscrewing.
For reference: repair, straightening, sharpening of metalwork, metalwork-assembly and carpentry tools are carried out, if possible, in a centralized manner.
The tool at the workplace should be located so that it cannot roll or fall. It is not allowed to put the tool on the railing of the fences, the edge of the scaffold platform, as well as near open hatches, wells.
What happens when safety requirements are not met
As they say, learn from the mistakes of others. To sometimes see what happens to those who do not comply with health and safety requirements for various reasons, consider 2 examples from life with real “heroes”.
A worker was injured while manufacturing a part on a horizontal milling machine instead of a vertical milling machine. During the investigation of the accident, it was found that: there is no order (instruction) on the admission of the milling operator to a certain type of equipment; there is no indication on what type of equipment he can work in accordance with the qualification category; there is no act confirming the repair of the vertical milling machine.
The milling operator received a task from the foreman to manufacture parts according to the technical process on a vertical milling machine, but arbitrarily set to work on a horizontal milling machine. First, the worker was blamed for the incident, allegedly he arbitrarily used a machine that was not specified in the technical process. However, during the investigation of the accident, it was found that the master knew about the repair of the machine, but gave the task to the worker. Thus, the causes of this accident are: unsatisfactory organization of work, expressed in the assignment to the employee of a task that he will not be able to perform due to equipment repair; deficiencies in employee training.
Example 2
A steel structure assembly fitter received a task from a foreman to mark and drill metal plates. The worker set to work: he put the plate on the table, caught the center of the drilling point with the machine turned on, then stopped the machine, fixed the plate and drilled. During the shift, the mechanic did not inspect the drill and the machine. Feeding the next plate on the table, the worker began to correct it for the drill to hit the drilling point, while the machine was in the on state. As a result of the haste during the work, the sleeve of the overalls caught on the drill, which led to the seizure of the hand by the drill. Seeing the grip, the locksmith tried to press the "STOP" button and began to call for help, the machine did not stop and made several turns of it. According to the medical report, the victim received a serious injury (traumatic amputation of the forearm).
The causes of the accident were: the imperfection of the technological process, expressed in the absence of a technological instruction (map), when operating a radial drilling machine, carrying out manual feed of the workpiece on the switched on equipment, which do not ensure the safety of these works, as well as insufficient control over compliance with labor protection requirements on the part of the employee and the employee’s failure to comply with safety requirements (the workpiece, including thin plates and strips, must be correctly installed and securely fixed on the machine table in a vice or appropriate device so as to exclude the risk of it flying out during drilling and injuring the worker.
It is not allowed to hold the workpiece with your hands while drilling.
Igor Pasekov, occupational safety specialist.
Portable email tools, manual electric machines, lamps must meet the requirements of state standards and specifications in terms of electrical safety.
To work with portable power tools and electrical machines of class 1 in rooms with increased danger, personnel with group P must be allowed. Connecting auxiliary equipment (transformers, frequency converters, etc.) to the electrical network and disconnecting it from the network must be carried out by electrical personnel, having group Ш, operating this electrical network.
In rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous, portable electric lamps should have a voltage of no higher than 50V. When working in particularly unfavorable conditions (wells of switches, drums, boilers, etc.), portable lamps must have a voltage of no higher than 12V.
Before starting work with hand-held power tools and lamps, you should:
Determine the class of the machine or tool according to the passport;
Check the completeness and reliability of fastening parts;
Make sure that the cable, its protective tube and plug are in good condition, integrity
insulation of the body, handle and covers of brush holders;
Check the clarity of the switch;
Check idle operation.
It is not allowed to use a power tool that has defects in work.
When working with power tools, wires and cables should, if possible, be suspended.
Contact of cables and wires with hot, damp and oily surfaces is not allowed. If a malfunction is detected, work must be stopped. Power tools issued and used in work must be checked and tested within the time limits and to the extent established by GOST, the technical specifications for the product.
In the event of a power failure or interruption in operation, the power tool must be disconnected from the mains.
Workers using power tools are prohibited from:
Transfer power tools to other employees;
Make any repairs to the power tool;
Hold on to the wire. machine, touch rotating parts, remove chips, sawdust until the tool stops completely;
Install the working part in the tool chuck of the machine and remove it from the chuck, as well as adjust the tool without disconnecting it from the mains;
Work with ladders; for this, strong scaffolding and scaffolding must be installed;
Bring inside the drums of boilers, metal tanks, etc. portable transformers and frequency converters.
To maintain the good condition of the power tool, by order of the head of the organization, a responsible employee with a group Ш
Electrical appliances that are used in everyday life and at work, no matter what type of equipment they belong to, must clearly comply with the list of tasks for which they are intended. The basic requirements for a power tool are usually specified in the operating instructions that accompany this or that equipment. However, for all types of tools there are general requirements that require a detailed review for safe and quality work.
Power tools help to significantly speed up repair work, but they must be used correctly.
Types and types of power tools
Tools according to their characteristics are usually divided into professional and household. Professional power tools are distinguished by increased strength of the main components. This tool is designed for long, intensive use.
As a rule, professional power tools meet the requirements of work in conditions of prolonged overloads and increased wear. A professional power tool can be used around the clock, often in harsh environmental conditions, without much harm to the functional components of the device.
Household or non-professional power tools differ from professional models only in their technical characteristics. It is much less wear resistant. The power tool should be spared and used with short breaks in work, often letting it rest. The advantage in this case is the price of such equipment, choosing a tool from a well-known manufacturer, you can buy not only cheap, but also high-quality power tools that will last you a very long time.
General requirements
The general requirements that any power tool must meet are dictated primarily by the convenience of its operation.
The electrical circuit of the perforator.
Requirement 1: Any powerful power tool must have a soft start function. This makes working with such a tool safer, because the device does not twitch in the hand when the start button is pressed. Significantly reduces the load on the network due to the reduction of starting currents.
Requirement 2: if the operation of a power tool, due to its functional features, leads to a large release of dust or fine particles, the device must be equipped with a dust removal unit or equipped with a special nozzle to which a vacuum cleaner must be connected.
Requirement 3: the device is equipped with a reverse function - the shaft of the power tool must rotate in both directions. A big advantage will be the presence of a function of smooth adjustment of the number of revolutions.
Requirement 4: The device must be protected against inadmissible mechanical stress. The torque limit clutch will work if the drill or drill jams, and thereby protect the gearbox of the power tool from damage.
Power tool classification
Vibration dampening of the perforator.
Before you start working with a power tool, you should understand what type of tool you should use. You should also understand which class of power tool is more appropriate to use to perform a particular task.
Class requirements:
- Class 1 - for tools of this class, all parts that are energized have double or extra reinforced insulation. The class 1 power tool plug is equipped with a grounding contact.
- Class 2 - the nodes of the live tool are isolated. In special cases, some elements are double insulated.
- Class 3 - for power tools of this class, the power rating cannot exceed 42 V. The internal or external circuits of such equipment cannot be under any other voltage. The power supply of this class of devices is provided by means of autonomous current sources. Mains power can also be used using a converter or a supply transformer with an open-circuit voltage of not more than 50 V. The secondary circuit of the transformer must not be grounded.
Important details and requirements
Table of characteristics of screwdrivers.
Manufacturers of electrical equipment indicate the degree of protection of power tools on the case. The double square speaks of two-level protection, where the first square is the designation of the insulation of all internal electrical components of the tool, the second is the protection of all conductive elements of the body that are accessible to touch.
It must be remembered that a mains-powered power tool must be connected to a power source with a fixed cable of sufficient length and flexibility for comfortable work.
In case of damage to the insulation of internal components under voltage, class 1 tools must be provided with grounding of parts accessible to touch. Class 2 and 3 electrical equipment is not normally earthed.
Power tools of classes 1 and 2 are designed for voltages not exceeding 220 V in the case of equipment designed to be powered by direct current, and 380 V for appliances powered by alternating current.
Features of safety requirements for power tools
Connection and rules for performing work with power tools.
Before starting work with a power tool of any class, it is necessary to check:
- complete set and reliable fastening of all parts of the device;
- good condition of the power cable and plug, insulating parts, casings, handles and body elements must be intact, without cracks or other physical damage;
- the switch is in good condition, it should gently change position; if the switch sparks, sticks, changes its position only with strong pressure, the device should be replaced and immediately shown to a specialist for repair;
- idle work.
Additional requirements
A flexible, non-removable power cable for class 1 power tools must be equipped with a grounding conductor, which is connected at one end to the grounding contact on the plug and the grounding clamp inside the instrument case. The same applies to equipment designed to be powered from a single-phase network. A 4-wire power cable is required to connect a 3-phase power tool.
The power tool must not be grounded with a neutral wire. In this case, manufacturers do not guarantee the correct operation of the equipment, as well as the safety of personnel working with it. The supply cables of electrical equipment of class 3 must be equipped with plugs that have a design different from plugs connected to a current network with a voltage of more than 42 V.
As for portable step-down transformers, isolation transformers, as well as converters, such devices must be equipped on the higher voltage side with a cable with a socket for connection to a 220 V or 380 V network. The supply cable should not be longer than 2 m, and its ends must be connected bolts or soldering with the output of the transformer winding. The low voltage side is equipped with sockets for the plug required for this class of power tool.
Occupational Safety and Health.
The wheel shop must have devices for heating and ventilation that provide metrological conditions in accordance with the requirements of the "Sanitary Design Standards for Enterprises".
Equipment where dust and gases are generated must be equipped with ventilation.
Lighting fixtures and lamps should be cleaned of dirt at least twice a month, and glass of light openings twice a year.
Lighting at workplaces should be both general and local. The use of one local lighting is not allowed.
The noise level should not be higher than:
Areas for inspection and acceptance of wheelsets – 750lx
Smoking is prohibited in the workshops.
The average daily temperature in the VKM should be +18°C - +20°C
Blocking and littering of aisles at workplaces is not allowed.
Cabinets, drawers and racks for tools and parts are installed so that the items stored in them are in a stable position and cannot fall.
Floors in workplaces and aisles must be level, smooth and non-slip, and kept clean.
Industrial waste, chips must be removed in a timely manner.
Tool requirements.
Machinist's hammers should have a slightly convex surface of the striker and be securely fastened to the handle by wedging. The handles are made from hard wood.
The length of the handles of metalwork hammers should be within 300-400mm.
Not allowed on the impact part of hardening.
Percussion instruments - chisels, crosscuts, barbs should not have cracks, burrs, hardening on the impact part. The smallest chisel length is 150mm. When working, be sure to use safety glasses, while working, position the chisel away from you, i.e. the direction of the flight of the metal upon impact should be in the opposite direction from itself.
Wrenches must match the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads, the jaws of the keys are strictly parallel. Extension of keys with pipes is prohibited.
The hose must be blown out before connecting the pneumatic tool. It is forbidden to work on the grinder without goggles and guards. Before work, check its correctness. It is forbidden to use the grinder without spacers between the grinding wheel and faceplate.
All hand tools must be in good condition and free of oil. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the reliability of their nozzles and handles.
Only specially trained workers are allowed to work with electric and pneumatic tools.
Equipment requirements.
The location of the equipment must comply with the norms of technological design.
The borders of the aisles, the places of laying the load grippers and containers should be marked with white paint.
Equipment that is newly installed and left after repair must be carefully calibrated and securely fixed. The equipment must be accepted with the permission of the chief mechanic and safety engineer.
To prevent the possibility of electric shock to the housing of electric motors, induction heaters, flaw detectors, washing machines, metal casings must be reliably grounded. It is impossible to turn on the induction heater if its magnetic circuit is not closed with the heated ring. Furnaces for heating labyrinth and inner rings must be grounded in two places, as well as have devices that automatically disconnect the furnace from the mains when the door is opened.
Along with protective grounding, when working with flaw detectors and induction heaters, dielectric gloves, mats and tracks are used.
The start buttons of electrical devices must be protected and recessed into the housing by 3-5mm. The stop buttons must be red, have the inscription "stop" and protrude 3mm above the panel.
Power tool safety instructions
Safety instructions for the operation of power tools.
1. Responsible for labor protection during the operation of power tools!
Arrange special training for employees.
Conduct a safety briefing.
Familiarize workers with first aid in case of electric shock.
Appoint a person responsible for the safety and serviceability of the instrument.
2. Responsible for the safety and serviceability of the power tool.
Paint serial numbers on all tools and store them in a dry place.
Check the ground circuits with a special device.
Once a month, check the tool for a short to ground and the condition of the wire insulation.
After repair, check the serviceability on the wall.
Do not issue a tool that has defects for work.
Check the tightness of the screws securing the components and parts of the power tool.
Check the condition of the gearbox by turning the spindle by hand when the tool is not turned on.
Check the condition of the commutator brushes.
The power tool must turn on and off quickly, but not spontaneously.
Plug connections must have an additional ground contact.
In a hazardous area and outdoors, use a power tool with a voltage not exceeding 36V.
5. While working with power tools.
Hang the wires and cables of the portable tool.
Disconnect the tool from the mains when the power supply is interrupted.
Do not plug 36V plugs into 127V and 220V sockets.
Keep wires and cables away from hot and wet metal surfaces.
6. Persons working with power tools.
It is forbidden to work with ladders.
Do not hold the tool wire or touch the rotating cutting parts.
It is forbidden to remove shavings and sawdust with your hands until the tool stops completely.
It is forbidden to bring portable transformers and frequency converters inside metal tanks.
Do not disassemble or repair the power tool.
It is forbidden to transfer the power tool to unauthorized persons.
In case of malfunctions in electrical equipment, call ___ / electrical department /.
In case of fire, call: _____
Review of the Rules on labor protection when working with tools and devices, Commentary, clarification, article dated November 17, 2015
The rules for labor protection when working with tools and devices were approved by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 17, 2015 N 552n. These Rules come into force on January 8, 2016. We bring to your attention an Overview, which discloses the main provisions of the Rules.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
First of all, it should be noted that the Rules define the state regulatory requirements for labor protection when working with devices, mechanisms and other means of labor used to influence the object of labor and change it, both moved by the employee in the course of work, and installed permanently.
Who is covered by the Rules?
The requirements of the Rules are mandatory for employers who are individual entrepreneurs, as well as employers - legal entities, regardless of their organizational and legal form, carrying out work using tools and devices.
Tool and fixtures
Types of tools and devices covered by the Rules
Abrasive and CBN
Combustion engine driven tool
The rules do not apply to work performed using:
Technical devices as part of technological and (or) transport equipment
Employer's obligations
The employer must provide
Monitoring compliance with the requirements of the Rules and instructions for labor protection
Development of labor protection instructions for professions and types of work performed.
Instructions must be approved by local regulations of the employer, taking into account the opinion of the relevant trade union body or other representative body authorized by employees
Providing employees with personal protective equipment in accordance with established standards in accordance with the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated 01.06.2009 N 290n
In addition, employers have the right to establish additional safety requirements when working with tools and devices that improve the working conditions of employees.
Employee Responsibilities
Perform only the work that is assigned to him and for the performance of which the employee has been instructed in labor protection
Work only with the tools and devices for which the employee was trained in safe methods and techniques for performing work
Use only serviceable equipment, tools and devices, as well as personal and collective protective equipment
Immediately notify your immediate or superior manager of every accident that occurred at work, of all violations of the Rules noticed by him, malfunctions of equipment, tools, devices and means of individual and collective protection
Harmful and dangerous production factors
List of harmful and dangerous production factors that may affect workers
High or low air temperature in working areas
Increased air pollution in working areas
Insufficient illumination of work areas
Increased noise and vibration levels in workplaces
Physical and neuropsychic overload
Falling objects (equipment items)
Location of workplaces at a height (depth) relative to the floor (ground) surface
Performing work in hard-to-reach and confined spaces
Closing electrical circuits through the human body
Moving vehicles, lifting machines, moving materials, moving parts of various equipment
ORGANIZATION OF WORK (PRODUCTION PROCESSES)
Requirements for employees
Passing a mandatory preliminary medical examination in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 12, 2011 N 302n.
Passing training on labor protection in accordance with the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia and the Ministry of Education of Russia dated 13.01.2003 N 1/29
When working with electrified, pneumatic, hydraulic, manual pyrotechnic tools, tools driven by an internal combustion engine
In addition to the requirements mentioned above, it should be taken into account that only employees aged at least 18 years old can be allowed to work.
INDUSTRIAL PREMISES (SITES). ORGANIZATION OF JOBS
Industrial premises (sites)
Labor protection requirements for production premises (sites)
Trenches and underground utilities on the territory of the organization must be closed or fenced.
Warning inscriptions and signs should be installed on the fences, and signal lighting at night
Entrances and exits, passages and driveways both inside buildings (structures) and industrial premises (production sites), and outside on the territory adjacent to them must be equipped with lighting and freed for the safe movement of workers and the passage of vehicles
Passages, stairs, platforms and railings to them must be kept in good condition and clean, and those located in the open air must be cleaned of snow and ice in winter and sprinkled with sand
Steps, ramps, bridges must be carried out over the entire width of the passage.
Stairs must be equipped with railings at least 1 m high, steps must be smooth and non-slip
Passages and driveways inside the production premises must have clearly marked dimensions, marked on the floor with markings using paint, metal recessed checkers or other clearly distinguishable indicators.
Attention! The use of only local lighting is prohibited.
Organization of workplaces
Workplaces, depending on the type of work, should be equipped with workbenches, racks, tables, cabinets, bedside tables for convenient and safe work, storage of tools, fixtures and parts. Tools and fixtures in the workplace should be located in such a way as to exclude the possibility of their rolling and falling .
Attention! It is prohibited: - placement of tools and devices on the railings of fences, unenclosed edges of scaffolding and scaffolding sites, other platforms where work is performed at height, as well as open hatches, wells; - transportation of tools and devices without isolating their traumatic (sharp, cutting ) parts and details.
PRODUCTION PROCESSES. OPERATION OF TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES
General requirements
Maintenance, repair, inspection, testing and technical examination of tools and devices must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation of the manufacturer.
Inspection, repair, inspection, testing and technical certification of tools and fixtures (with the exception of hand tools) must be carried out:
According to the general rules
Qualified workers appointed by the employer responsible for the maintenance of specific types of tools.
Specialized organizations on the basis of civil law contracts
Small enterprises and micro enterprises
Responsibility can be assigned to one employee
The results of inspections, repairs, checks, tests and technical examinations of the tool (with the exception of a hand tool), carried out at intervals established by the manufacturer, must be recorded by the employee responsible for keeping the tool in good condition in a log.
Information to be included in the journal
Tool part number
Date of the last repair, inspection, testing, technical examination of the tool (inspection, static and dynamic testing)
Date of the next repair, inspection, testing, technical examination of the tool
The results of the external inspection of the tool and the test of idling
Surname of the employee who carried out the inspection, repair, inspection, testing and technical examination of the tool, confirmed by the personal signature of the employee
Additional information to be included in the log
For abrasive and CBN tools
1. Designation of the standard size of the circle, standard or specification for the manufacture of the circle.2. Characteristics of the circle and a mark on chemical treatment or mechanical alteration.3. Working speed and wheel speed during testing
4.6. labor protection requirements for hand tools and devices Order of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation dated April 15, 2008 403 on the approval of labor protection rules in customs authorities and institutions under the jurisdiction of the Federal Customs Service of Russia (2018). Relevant in 2018
ORDER of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation of 15-04-2008 403 ON THE APPROVAL OF THE RULES ON LABOR SAFETY IN THE CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES AND INSTITUTIONS UNDER SUPERVISION. Relevant in 2018
4.6.1. Hand tools should be inspected at least once every ten days, and immediately before use. It is not allowed to work with faulty and worn hand tools.
4.6.2. The heads of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth surface, without chips and potholes, cracks and burrs.
4.6.3. The handles of hammers, sledgehammers and other percussion tools should be made of dry hardwood or synthetic materials that ensure the strength and reliability of the nozzle when performing work.
4.6.4. It is not allowed to use files, scrapers, screwdrivers without handles and retaining rings on them or with loose handles.
4.6.5. Work with a chisel, cross cutter and other similar tool must be done with glasses.
4.6.6. The handles of pliers and hand scissors should be smooth, without dents, nicks or burrs. On the inside there should be an emphasis that prevents squeezing the fingers.
4.6.7. The vise must be firmly attached to the workbench in such a way that their jaws are at the level of the worker's elbow. If necessary, wooden ladders should be installed along the entire length of the working area. The distance between the axes of the vise must be at least 1 m.
The jaws of the vise must be parallel, notched and provide a secure clamping of the workpieces.
4.6.9. Hand power tools and portable lamps must be connected to a voltage of not more than 50 volts. If it is impossible to connect the tool to a voltage of up to 50 volts, it is allowed to use a power tool with a voltage of up to 220 volts inclusive, if there are protective shutdown devices or external grounding of the power tool case with the obligatory use of protective equipment (mats, dielectric gloves, etc.).
An electrified tool, switched on for voltages above 50 volts, must be issued complete with personal protective equipment. Connection to the electrical network must be made using plug-in connections with a grounding contact.
4.6.10. The working bodies of hand tools (circular saws, electric slotters, electric grinders, etc.) must have protective covers.
4.6.11. In the event of a power outage or a break in operation, the power tool must be disconnected from the mains.
4.6.12. Hand-held pneumatic tools must be equipped with vibration-damping devices, be equipped with air exhaust silencers, in addition, compressed air exhausts must not fall on the worker and pollute his breathing zone.
4.6.13. Care and handling of hand tools must comply with the instructions and operating rules developed by the manufacturer for each type of hand tool.
Portable electrical receivers (power tools, electrical machines, lamps, pumps, furnaces, etc.), their auxiliary equipment (transformers, converters, RCDs, extension cables) must comply with the requirements of state standards or technical specifications and have Russian certificates of conformity.
Each portable electrical receiver must have an inventory number and be used only in accordance with its purpose indicated in the passport.
Employees who have been instructed in labor protection and have an electrical safety group are allowed to work using a portable electrical receiver.
Connecting to the electrical network and disconnecting portable electrical receivers from it using collapsible contact connections must be carried out by electrical personnel with group III operating this electrical network.
Repair of portable electrical receivers should be carried out by a specialized organization. Each electrical machine after repair must be subjected to tests in accordance with the standards.
The class of portable power tools and hand-held electric machines must correspond to the category of the premises and the conditions for the production of work.
In rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous electric lamps must have a voltage of no higher than 50 V. When working in particularly unfavorable conditions (metal tanks, switchgear compartments, etc.), portable lamps must have a voltage of no higher than 12 V.
Safety requirements before starting work
Before starting work with hand-held electric machines, portable power tools and lamps, you should:
- determine the class of the machine or tool according to the passport;
- check the completeness and reliability of fastening parts;
- make sure by external inspection that the cable (cord), its protective tube and plug are in good condition, the integrity of the insulating parts of the body, the handle and covers of the brush holders, protective covers;
- check the clarity of the switch;
- perform (if necessary) RCD testing;
- check the operation of the power tool at idle;
- check for a class I machine that the ground circuit is working (machine body - grounding contact of the plug).
periodic check.
Safety requirements during work
When using power tools, hand-held electric machines, portable lamps, their wires and cables should, if possible, be suspended.
Direct contact of wires and cables with hot, wet and oily surfaces or objects is not allowed.
The power tool cable must be protected from accidental mechanical damage and contact with hot, damp and oily surfaces.
It is not allowed to pull, twist and bend the cable, put a load on it, and also allow it to cross with cables, cables, gas welding hoses.
When working with power tools and hand-held electric machines, you must comply with all the requirements of the factory instructions for their operation, do not expose them to shocks, overloads, dirt and oil products.
When changing a working tool, installing nozzles and adjusting, as well as when transferring it from one workplace to another, during a break in work, it is necessary to disconnect the tool from the mains with a plug (connector).
When working with power tools and hand-held electric machines, it is not allowed:
- leave them connected to the network without supervision;
- transfer tools and machines to employees who do not have the right to work independently with them;
- work from ladders;
- hold on to the wire of a manual electric machine or touch its rotating part;
- exceed the maximum allowable duration of work specified in the passport;
- repair or disassemble their structure;
- remove from them the elements that ensure the safety of the worker.
When using power tools and hand-held electric machines of class II and III, electrical protective equipment may not be used.
In the presence of particularly unfavorable conditions (in vessels, apparatus and other metal containers), work with power tools and hand-held electric machines of class II is allowed with the use of electrical protective equipment.
Safety requirements in emergency situations
Emergency situations when working with power tools and hand-held electric machines include:
- the appearance of voltage on the body;
- fire (sparking) of the housing, wiring, auxiliary equipment;
- sudden stoppage.
In the event of an emergency, the employee must:
- stop working;
- disconnect the power tool and hand-held electric machine from the network;
- warn surrounding workers of the danger;
- notify a superior manager of an emergency;
- hand over the power tool (hand-held electric machine) for repair to specialized units (organizations) or to a responsible employee appointed to maintain the good condition and safety of portable power tools.
Safety requirements at the end of work
After completion of work, the employee must:
- disconnect the tool (machine) from the electrical network;
- tidy up the workplace;
- clean the power tool (hand-held electric machine) from fairies and dust and hand it over to the employee responsible for maintaining the good condition and safety of portable power receivers;
- install the necessary fences and safety signs;
- put away overalls, protective equipment, parts and tools in the designated places.
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