Do-it-yourself biological treatment station: installation features. Do-it-yourself treatment facilities for giving do-it-yourself Installation of a sewage treatment system with your own hands

Thanks to modern technology and science, many technologies have been invented that allow drainage without harming the environment. The sewerage of a country house can act in the following form:

as a cesspool;
septic tank;
biological treatment plant

It should be understood that the construction of any of the above sewers implies the preparation and development of all necessary documents and schemes.

A cesspool is very easy to do with your own hands. Due to its simple installation and low cost, this type of sewage system is most often used by owners of country houses. However, its maintenance will cost a pretty penny, since it is necessary to pump out drains very often when ordering the services of vacuum trucks. During pumping, there is an unpleasant smell in the yard, and the price for this event is high. It is best if you agree to clean up together with your neighbors.

To build such a sewer with your own hands, you need to calculate the volume of the cesspool. Cleaning is done no more than 2 times a year, so take this factor and the number of people living into account. So, for example, their number must be multiplied by 3 or 4 cubic meters (it all depends on how much waste each person produces monthly).

The pit is installed at a distance of 12m from the house, 1m from the fence and 30m from the well. The process itself looks like this:

They dig a hole of the required size with their hands or with the help of equipment.
Hands level the walls of the pit.
A reinforced mesh is laid at the bottom (it is better to put stones or bricks under it).
Concrete is poured onto the grid with a layer of 20-25 cm.
During the drying of the concrete, they build an internal suburban sewage system with their hands.
Carry out the laying of external sewage (I lay pipes to the pit).
Installation of the walls of the septic tank is carried out using concrete or brick.

The hole must be closed. You can close it using a concrete slab with a hatch, or you can make such a slab yourself using a large board and reinforced mesh.

The store sells ready-made septic tanks that require only transportation. The septic tank cleans the drains and cleans them, and anaerobic bacteria process solid organic matter. However, two tanks for wastewater treatment are not enough, and installing 4 is expensive. In fact, the septic tank is the same cesspool, only with a partition. This is a more expensive but safe solution for waste disposal. To make a septic tank with your own hands, you will need:

Build a pit of the required volume.
Fill the bottom with concrete.
Build walls with your hands.
Divide the area into 3 parts and fill in two more walls (separating).
When half of the wall is erected, a pipe is installed with a slight slope for overflow and then concrete is poured.

This is a modern sewer equipment, having installed it, you should not worry about possible environmental pollution. It is impossible to make a suburban sewer of this type with your own hands, but almost everyone can carry out the installation. For a station with an area of 1.5 cubic meters, it will not be necessary to hire lifting machines. It is made of polymeric materials, so the weight of such a sewer is not large.

With the help of a few friends, the installation of a deep biological treatment plant will be quick and easy. The main thing is that the pipe connected to the sewer installation should not be bent.

In country houses with an area where there is a high level of groundwater, a deep biological treatment plant must be installed on the surface or a small depression should be made.

What advantages does a septic tank with a biofilter have against the background of familiar structures? How does such a scheme work? Is it difficult to implement it yourself?

Let's figure it out.

What it is

Under the loud name "biofilter" hides just one of the chambers of a multi-chamber septic tank, in which optimal conditions are created for the reproduction of bacterial colonies.

What exactly?

The chamber has a filling with a large surface area. In industrially produced deep cleaning stations, special plastic products are used in this capacity, outwardly resembling ... ordinary dishcloths.
In addition, the vital activity of aerobic (oxygen-absorbing) bacteria requires the saturation of wastewater with air. That is why in the notorious stations of deep biological treatment, the biofilter chamber is aerated: air bubbles are forced to its bottom by a compressor.

Please note: with a lack of oxygen, among the crops propagating in the biofilter, for obvious reasons, anaerobic bacteria dominate.
Their ability to assimilate organic matter is much more modest than that of aerobic ones; however, they also contribute to wastewater treatment.

How it works

A biofilter for a septic tank is the last step in wastewater treatment after mechanical separation.

The full cycle looks like this:

Effluent enters the primary sump. Its dimensions and shape are selected so that the wastewater spends about three days in it with minimal disturbance. The goal is mechanical separation: heavy sludge settles to the bottom of the sump, light fractions of wastewater (faeces, fat, etc.) form a dense crust on the surface.
The settled wastewater enters the secondary sump. The overflow is organized in such a way that it receives effluents taken below the surface level. Here, in a compartment with an extremely slow laminar (devoid of disturbances) flow, separation continues: the smallest particles of silt settle to the bottom.
Finally, the moment of truth arrives. By this time, water pollution is mainly of a biological nature: all heavy suspensions of mineral origin have already been screened out.
Drains fall into the biofilter - right on the dining table to the colonies of bacteria.
Those, of course, begin their favorite pastime - they begin to devour organic matter with the release of harmless water, carbon dioxide and a certain amount of volatile hydrocarbons.

The resulting degree of purification depends on several factors:

The size of the bacterial population. Anaerobic cultures generally need periodic recruiting: Biologicals are added to the septic tank on a monthly basis.

It is curious: with sufficient aeration of wastewater, aerobic bacteria, unlike anaerobic cultures, multiply explosively.
Periodic supplementation of biological products is not required in principle.

Filling area of the biofilter. The larger it is, the greater the amount of wastewater in contact with colonies of bacteria that are hungry for organics.
Water flow rates. Slow movement through the biofilter means maximum cleaning; when the flow accelerates, the bacteria do not have time to process the pollution.

crazy hands

The price of a finished deep biological treatment plant for a family of two or three is at least 60-70 thousand rubles. At the same time, a do-it-yourself septic tank of sufficient performance will cost 3-5 times cheaper; however, it will provide a much worse degree of purification.

With a high level of groundwater, soil post-treatment becomes problematic; dumping drains on the terrain or using them for irrigation is also not an option: the smell of sewerage knows no mercy and stinks on the spot. What to do?

The obvious solution is to screw a biofilter to a one- or two-chamber septic tank.

General principles

The most effective scheme is a biofilter with aerobic bacterial cultures and forced aeration. With a minimum volume, it provides the maximum degree.

Efficiency comes at a cost. Forget about cheap aquarium compressors: their performance will not be enough. Our choice is special ones with a capacity of 60-120 liters per minute.

Simply supplying air to the bottom of the biofilter tank is not enough. One vertical chain of bubbles will aerate a small part of the effluent volume. The simplest aerator is a sewer pipe with a diameter of 40-50 mm plugged at one end with frequent perforation made with a drill with a diameter of 4-5 millimeters.

Tip: with sufficient pump performance, you can use tees to assemble a simple comb that will saturate the entire volume of the biofilter tank with air.

Capacities

We have already found out that a container with an aerated biofilter is just one of the septic tank chambers, the last one on the wastewater path.

What materials can it be made from?

The ideal solution is a plastic container for water. As a rule, in its lower part there is a branch pipe for a relief valve; in our case, it is useful to connect the compressor. Of course, through the check valve: the ingress of sewage is clearly not in our interests.

Horizontal polyethylene container - a ready-made section for a septic tank.

In a brick or concrete septic tank, it is possible to fence off a small section in the secondary sump and provide it with two overflows - inlet and outlet.
Finally, an old steel barrel can act as a container. A simple instruction will help protect it from rust: the outer and inner surfaces are covered with two layers of bituminous mastic.

filling

Actually, we have already mentioned the most affordable options.

Expanded clay - the cheapest filling. The large surface area is provided by its porous structure.

Somewhat more expensive (but also somewhat more effective) ... yes, plastic dishcloths. They fit into the container without sealing, filling its entire volume.

Conclusion

The video in this article will offer the reader a few more ideas for finalizing local treatment facilities. Good luck!

From this article, you will learn about the most common ways to equip a sewage treatment system for a private house, about the pros and cons, features of operation, as well as the cost of each of the options for these systems.

Competent arrangement of the drainage system can be considered one of the most difficult and responsible tasks in the design of an individual house. The most common ways of arranging a local sewage system are:

storage pits
septic tanks of various types
biological treatment systems

All wastewater treatment systems work with the participation of microorganisms, which, in the course of their life, absorb pollution, which is an excellent nutrient medium for them. The quantity and species composition of these bacteria determine the type and quality of the final treatment. The organization of the process is fundamentally possible only in three ways:

With the use of putrefactive bacteria, without creating additional favorable conditions for them. Effluent treatment is minimal. This type is typical for various wastewater storage tanks.
The use of anaerobic microorganisms living in an oxygen-free environment. The degree of wastewater treatment is on average about 50%. This option is used in the operation of various types of septic tanks. Advanced biofeeding devices involve the intermittent supply of artificially grown microorganisms.
The use of aerobic bacteria that need a constant supply of oxygen. The process of wastewater treatment proceeds similarly to the natural decomposition of waste, but much faster. The output is industrial water purified by 98%. It is used in biological treatment systems with aerotanks.

Thus, it is possible to equip a local sewage system in various ways and at different costs, but the effect will not be the same. The choice of the system remains with the owner of the home, and in order to facilitate it, we will consider the main ways of arranging an autonomous sewage system.

Cesspools

Devices are the simplest drives designed to collect sewage. Effluent enters the tank through a pipeline, which must be laid below the freezing level of the soil or additionally insulated. As the pit fills up, it is cleaned out with a cesspool truck. The building must be airtight, this is a guarantee of its safety. Variants of pits without a bottom or with a filter layer of sand and gravel arranged at the bottom poison the soil and, accordingly, groundwater, which makes them a serious source of pollution.

An autonomous sewage system with a cesspool has certain advantages:

Extreme simplicity of design.
Cheap manufacturing and installation. If an industrial production capacity is purchased, the costs will be slightly higher.
The device does not require maintenance, except for pumping out. It does not depend on the supply of electricity and does not require the arrangement of additional treatment zones, such as filtration wells or fields.

There are also disadvantages of the system:

The need for regular pumping of sewage, which requires certain costs to pay for the services of sewers.
A fairly high probability of depressurization of the tank and the ingress of effluents into the soil and groundwater. This is especially true for metal structures that are prone to corrosion.
Bad smell.
The location on the site is limited by sanitary standards, while the possibility of free access to the pumping facility is also taken into account.
The impossibility of arrangement in the case of a high level of groundwater.

There are many options for arranging cesspools. The simplest, but also the most expensive, is the purchase of a ready-made tank. Most often these are plastic containers of various shapes and volumes. They are not subject to corrosion and keep the tightness all term of operation. There are many types of such drives. These are "Tank", "Triton", "Leader", "Topas" in various modifications. The cost of devices starts from 9,000 rubles.

Many people prefer to equip cesspools with their own hands. Such structures are made of brick, concrete, cinder blocks or tires. Another common option is to use a finished metal container or make one to the desired size. In any case, when choosing a cesspool as an autonomous sewer, one should assess the intensity of its future pumping. Very often, clean-up costs are high and nullify the apparent benefit of arranging the cheapest option.

Septic tanks

A septic tank is a technologically connected system of tanks in which, with the participation of anaerobic bacteria, mechanical treatment of domestic wastewater occurs. Contaminated liquid flows from one container to another. In each of them, solid fractions settle, which are subsequently decomposed by bacteria. The accumulated sediment must be periodically removed from the system. Septic tanks clean drains up to a maximum of 60-70%. All solid insoluble contaminants remain inside the system, while light fractions continue to be present in the water. It needs to be further cleaned. For these purposes, special structures are used, the choice of which is determined by the type of soil.

Most often these are filtering fields. They are spray pipes placed in trenches made of a filter element with a thickness of at least 1 m, under which a drain is laid to drain clean water. Such fields should be equipped at a certain distance from sources of drinking water and fruit plants. In addition, the depth of their laying must be greater than the level of soil freezing, otherwise the system will not be able to work in the cold season. Once every five to seven years, it is necessary to dig out the structure, completely rinse or replace the filter layer. In any case, such fields are a very expensive and environmentally unsafe device.

The water purification system for a private house - with the help of a septic tank has undeniable advantages:

Complete energy independence.
Relative cheapness of arrangement and installation.

Its shortcomings include:

Low level of domestic wastewater treatment.
The need to equip an additional cleaning system such as filtration wells, fields, etc.
Regular, although not as frequent as for cesspools, pumping sludge from the system.

You can set up a septic tank yourself. For this, several containers are made, interconnected. They can be made of concrete, brick, tires. Eurocubes are also used for these purposes. Home-made systems will cost their owner less than industrial septic tanks. However, the latter are distinguished by high reliability and a variety of models, which allows you to choose the best option for specific conditions.

The main criteria for choosing a septic tank are:

The capacity or amount of effluent processed by the device. Measured in cube. m / day.
The quality of the container material.
The maximum value of a salvo discharge, that is, the volume of wastewater simultaneously entering the chamber of the device in cubic meters.
The degree of cleaning carried out by the facility.
Limiting value of short-term loads. For some models, it is permissible to exceed the passport loads for a short time, which must be indicated in the device documents.
Possibility of installation of a design in the conditions of a high level of ground waters.

As practice shows, it is best to purchase a septic tank in companies specializing in the sale and installation of devices. In this case, you can be sure of the correct selection and installation of the system, which will save you from problems and additional costs for correcting mistakes. In addition, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the certificate, hygienic conclusion and guarantees. These documents must be present.

Comparative characteristics of the most common models are given in the table:

	Volume options	Cleaning degree	Material	Additional Benefits	Price
Tank	From models designed for 1-3 people. up to options for 7-9 people.	Up to 70%, using the infiltration system offered by the manufacturer allows you to get up to 98% purified water	Durable plastic up to 17 mm thick, seamless housing	Block-modular design makes it possible to assemble systems of the required volume,	From 27 000
Triton	From devices for 1-2 residents to systems for 38-40 people	60%, post-treatment required	High-strength polyethylene from 14 to 40 mm thick	Low cost device, easy installation	From 20 000
cleansing	From models designed for 2 people. up to devices for 18 residents	For systems with a biofilter - up to 80%, additional cleaning is needed	Polypropylene, fiberglass with a thickness of 10 to 14 mm	Built-in biofilter, additional resistance to large salvo discharges, adapted to Russian climatic conditions	From 24 000
Rostock	From options for 1-2 people. up to systems for 8 people.	For devices with a biofilter - up to 80%	Polypropylene 10 mm thick, seamless body	Salvo protection, special shape to prevent the device from surfacing, service required every 1-2 years	From 25 000

Stations of deep biological treatment

Deep biological wastewater treatment - can only be done with the help of aeration stations. These are devices that use the principle of natural biological purification, which is ubiquitous in nature. Mechanical cleaning, combined with the action of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, makes it possible to obtain 98% purified technical water and sludge, which can be used as fertilizer.

The principle of operation of the systems is quite simple. Effluent enters the receiving chamber, where large sewage is crushed and the liquid is saturated with oxygen. The wastewater prepared in this way, after passing through the coarse filter, is directed to the biological treatment chamber by means of an airlift. Biomass forms active suspended sludge, on the flakes of which cleaning processes take place. With the help of airlifts, the spent sludge is transferred to the activated sludge stabilizer.

The treated effluents are freed from the suspended particles dissolved in them and discharged into water bodies or onto the relief. In addition, such water can be used for technical needs, for example, for irrigation. On average, once a month, the spent sludge is pumped out of the device using a standard pump. It is an excellent source of biofuel and a high quality fertilizer.

The advantages of using such a system are obvious:

A high degree of wastewater treatment, reaching up to 99%, which allows you to freely discharge the received process water or use it for household needs.
The compact dimensions of the installations allow minimizing the work on arranging an autonomous sewage system.
Extreme ease of maintenance.
No unpleasant odors.
Ease of installation of the device, which does not require special equipment.
Possibility of installation in soils of any type.

When a country cottage is located in an area that does not have a connection with the central sewer system, the only way to ensure the collection and purification of wastewater is to do it yourself. In general, in matters of improvement of country houses, the problem of sewerage equipment is most acute, because water can be delivered from a well or a well, heating will appear with the purchase of a heating boiler, but organizing wastewater disposal is not so easy.

Wastewater treatment methods

Today, there are many progressive technologies for wastewater disposal that do not harm the environment. Here are the main types of sewerage for a country house:

deep biological treatment plant.

Despite the differences in design and operating principles, any type of suburban sewerage device is made in strict accordance with SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03. The construction of a sewerage system is necessarily preceded by a planning stage, the result of which should be a suburban sewerage scheme drawn up on paper.

Cesspool

The cesspool is the simplest autonomous sewerage of a country house. Elementary installation, low cost - these are its advantages. But the operational maintenance of the pit will cost a pretty penny. Regardless of its volume, the pit will regularly be filled with drains, for pumping which you need to invite sewers. In addition to the high price for the services of these specialists, an unpleasant odor is guaranteed to be on your site during pumping activities.

Calculation of the volume of the cesspool

When constructing a cesspool, it is necessary to calculate what its volume should be. At the same time, they are repelled by the fact that the frequency of cleaning the pit is no more than twice a year. Next, the number of people permanently or temporarily living in a country house is taken and multiplied by a figure from 3 to 4 (each person produces so many cubic meters of waste every month). By such simple calculations, the required volume of the cesspool is calculated.

Construction of a cesspool

The organization of sewerage begins with the choice of a place for a future cesspool. It should be located at a distance of 12 m from the house and 1 m from the fence.

Pro tip: To avoid unpleasant consequences, install a septic tank and other treatment facilities at a distance of 30 m from water wells.

The sequence of work is as follows:

A hole of the required volume is dug. This can be done manually or with an excavator. The walls of the recess are leveled.

A reinforced mesh is laid out at the bottom of the pit to a height of 7-10 cm, fixed with stakes. It is better to use a mesh with cell sides of 20 x 30 cm, made of a metal rod with a diameter of 8-10 mm. Raising the mesh above the bottom is necessary so that when the concrete screed is subsequently poured, it does not press against the ground. To do this, you can put stones or bricks under the grid.
A concrete screed is laid with a layer of 20-25 cm. Time is expected until it dries completely (at least a week).
At this moment, the internal sewerage of a country house is being built. Then the sewer pipes are laid and brought to the pit (the outer part of the system).
When the floor of the cesspool is ready, they are taken for the walls. They can be made of concrete ("") or brick (""). In the first case, a removable formwork is built 30-50 cm in height with a reinforced grating inside. Concrete is poured into the formwork, time is given to dry. After the lower part of the walls is ready, the formwork is lifted to pour the next batch of concrete - and so on until the required height is reached. In the case of brick walls, masonry is used in a checkerboard pattern - to improve the penetration of drains into the soil.

Pro tip: When making the walls of a cesspool or septic tank from concrete using removable formwork, make sure that there are no cracks or other damage in the walls after it is removed. Otherwise, the service life is reduced, and the damage to the environment increases many times.

As a rule, sewerage systems for a country house are built for long-term operation, so it is not recommended to use cinder blocks as a material for walls. From constant interaction with water, they are destroyed at a high speed.

The cesspool must be covered without fail. You can use a ready-made concrete slab equipped with a hatch, or you can make it yourself. Along the perimeter of the pit, along the upper boundary of the walls, extensions are arranged in the ground, into which an unedged board is installed. A reinforced grating is laid on top of it, the structure is poured with concrete.

Pro tip: As a cesspool, you can use a barrel with the desired volume (""), which must be buried in the soil. To extend the life of this design, cover the barrel with bituminous mastic.

septic tank

Principle of operation

A more environmentally friendly and efficient solution is a septic tank for the sewerage of a country house. Collecting wastewater, it provides excellent cleaning and clarification of liquids, and processes solid organic inclusions with the help of anaerobic bacteria.

In the assortment of specialized stores you can find ready-made septic tanks, which only need to be transported to the installation site and assembled. Although, it is possible to install the sewerage system in a country house with your own hands.

In order for anaerobic bacteria to perform their tasks effectively, wastewater must settle in one chamber for a certain time and then flow into the next. For a country cottage, the presence of three chambers in the septic tank is considered optimal. The fact is that two tanks are not enough for high-quality wastewater treatment, and installing 4 or more is costly.

By and large, a septic tank is a cesspool, divided by partitions, in which holes are equipped for the flow of wastewater. The bottom and walls of the septic tank are equipped with waterproofing to prevent feces from entering the ground.

Mounting process

Self-installation of a septic tank is identical to a cesspool device, the difference lies in the construction of two additional walls that will divide the pit into 3 parts.

The process consists of three stages:

A pit of the required volume is arranged, the walls are leveled.
The bottom is reinforced and poured with a concrete screed, which must dry completely.
By means of a removable formwork, side concrete walls are built. Then the area of the septic tank is divided into 3 identical parts, formwork is built and 2 more walls are poured. Upon reaching ½ of the height of the inner walls, overflows are constructed. They are made from a piece of pipe, which is installed with a slope and poured with concrete. Between the first and second containers, the overflow installation height should be slightly higher than between the second and third.

Deep biological treatment stations

Those who have purchased such modern sewer equipment as a biological wastewater treatment plant for their country cottage do not have to worry about possible environmental pollution. Do-it-yourself sewerage construction of this type is impossible, but self-assembly of the finished system is quite affordable. With a station capacity of up to 1.5 m 3, lifting machines will not be required.

The station for deep wastewater treatment is made of polymeric materials, and therefore weighs a little. It can be lowered into a hand-dug pit by calling friends for help. It is important to locate the sewer installation in such a way that the pipe connected to it does not have bends.

For areas with a high groundwater level, the system can be installed on the surface of the earth or a partial recess can be arranged. But then it is necessary to provide the station with a mechanism for forced transportation of wastewater.

An efficient system for the accumulation and treatment of wastewater and waste is one of the main aspects of a comfortable life outside the city. Therefore, local sewerage for a country house is so important and significant.

Everyone is trying to improve living conditions in a country house to the maximum. Why not, for example, arrange a separate recreation area in the country - a kind of paradise with a bathhouse, sun loungers, a gazebo for pleasant conversations, a sports ground and, of course, with a barbecue, or a barbecue (as you like). "What's new in this?" you ask. Do not rush to conclusions. The main surprise is ahead. So, thanks to the possibility of bringing all the necessary communications to the recreation area, you can now receive guests in your paradise at any time. But, if the supply of water and lighting to any place on your site is already quite common for any "home-made", then the autonomous sewerage of a private house sometimes still raises a number of questions. In this article we will tell you how to organize an autonomous sewerage of a private house based on a deep biological treatment station.

If you are going to bring the drain on your own and have already made a choice in favor of an autonomous sewage system of a private house based on a deep biological treatment station, then you must strictly observe the following procedure:

Independently, or with the help of a specialist, choose a place for the removal of treated water.
Choose the option for water diversion: with forced or gravity ejection.
Select the model and manufacturer of the station. And here you can not do without competent advice from specialists.

Expert advice:
(General Director of the company "Domostroev" Vitaly Timofeevich Tokarev)
Of course, you need to choose from the main manufacturers of deep biological treatment stations that have been proven over the years, who have the relevant documents that guarantee the reliability of these stations, namely: the necessary certificates of compliance with hygiene standards and a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. If you find it difficult to give preference to someone, contact the experts. Specialists will also help you decide on the model of the station, its manufacturer and at the same time select the necessary equipment. In addition, they will prompt, if there is any doubt, whether you have chosen the right place for the future station. As a rule, the most optimal solution is to make the sewer route without turns, so as not to install additional revision wells. Without revision wells, it will be very problematic to clear the blockage in pipes with turns.

The wrong choice between manual and special equipment work can also result in a big problem.

To prevent this from happening, you need to know in which cases to give preference to one or another force.

In what situations is it possible to prepare the pit only manually:

1. When it is impossible to enter the site for special equipment.
2. When in the course of work there is a real threat of violation of the already formed landscape.

A completely different calico, when a wheeled excavator can freely drive up and work directly at the installation site. If the weather and soil are favorable for the rapid development of the pit, then the work of the excavator will take no more than 20-25 minutes. But this is ideal. In practice, such development takes much longer. Much depends on the amount of sand in the soil and the height of the groundwater level. With a large number of both of them (such soil is called "quicksand"), the work time can be delayed up to several hours and formwork may be required. With a large amount of water-saturated loam or clay, work can take the whole working day.

Sequence of work

Excavation

Let's define the scope of our tasks, the number and complexity of which largely depends on the chosen location for the installation of a biological treatment plant. In our example, it is quite traditional - near the bathhouse, specifically - two meters from the main ditch. A smaller distance, according to the rules of SNIP, is not recommended. Now we plan the exit of the sewer pipe. And here we will not surprise anyone. The route will start from home. Its length, according to our calculations, is 23 meters to the installation site. The distance is decent, we exceeded the norm by up to 15 meters and, according to the rules, we still cannot do without an additional revision well.

We don’t have the opportunity to use special equipment, since the passage to the house is too narrow, and we don’t want to spoil the design landscape. So, we will work manually. The site will require a force of three, and preferably five people.

We order in advance and bring sand, which will be needed to create a sand cushion both in the pit and under the pipes (for three or four people, 3-5 cubic meters of sand each, this is approximately, it all depends on the installation conditions of the station).

We were lucky, the site turned out to be sandy soil, there is no need to bring sand.

Materials for mounting a stand-alone station

sewer pipes for outdoor work
insulation
bends
electric cable
corrugation
manholes

Model stations must be unloaded in a vertical position.
The installation itself is carried out in three stages

The size of the pit for the station (take the average number - for 5 people) is 1.5 × 1.5 m wide, and 2.3 m deep. To prevent erosion of the walls of the pit due to the high level of groundwater (this is common), we make formwork. In this case, the width of the pit increases by about 0.3 m. This is exactly what we will do. We dig a hole measuring 1.8 by 1.8 m, taking into account the width of the formwork.

Throughout the work, do not forget to measure the depth of the pit. If groundwater still penetrates the formwork, a drainage pump must be used.

As soon as the last centimeter is dug, we immediately begin the descent of the station so that the pit is not attacked by groundwater with sand.

Descent station

We lower the station into the pit on ropes. Help will be required from all those present on the site. This procedure does not tolerate fuss.

Then, all compartments of the station are filled with water. At the same time, we level the station body and sprinkle it, ramming the sand so that the station does not sink along with the ground. The septic tank is filled up, like water, on the upper level of the station.

We fall asleep, but not completely, since the connection of the highways is still to be done - input and output.

Digging a supply trench

For sewer pipes (diameter 110 mm), we dig a trench 0.5-0.6 m wide in order to feel the stability of our legs during installation. It will be impossible to arrange a high-quality sand cushion in a different way. At the entrance to the station, we leave 0.6 m at the depth of the supply pipe. Thus, the trench is dug along the entire length with a depth of 0.2 to 0.7 m with a slight (3 percent) uniform slope to the station along the entire length. Then the bottom of the trench is leveled with sand.

We fall asleep a sand cushion along the entire length at a slope of 3 cm per meter. Seal by checking the level. Then, only a part of the line is laid out from the pipes and on the wall of the receiving chamber we mark the place of the tie-in of the line.

For external laying of the highway, we use pipes of a specially red color. Even before laying, do not forget to put thermal insulation on the pipes, which greatly simplifies the entire installation of the route.

1. We cut a hole in the wall of the receiving chamber with a prepared crown.
2. We hermetically solder the joint seam using polypropylene solder. We apply it with a special nozzle of a building hair dryer.

Now it is possible to install on our long route, according to the instructions of SNIP, a revision well. Important note: the well must be made of special materials that are not afraid of temperature changes, exposure to ultraviolet radiation and soil pressure.

The very exit of the sewer pipe from the house is nothing more than a vertical "riser", which is necessarily insulated to the height of the basement. The connection of the vertical and horizontal parts of the riser uses a tee in case of clearing the blockage.

When we have laid the entire route, we make a fixing backfill to prevent violations of the slope of the pipes, its shift towards the septic tank. Then we lay the electric cable (in a protective corrugation) in black.

Now we need a drainage trench for the drainage ditch. It will be located near the station. We are planning a device for gravity drainage of treated effluents, so we lay the pipes in the insulation right up to the ditch. There are literally two meter steps to the ditch, so we use pipes with a diameter of 110 mm.

It should be borne in mind that the wastewater from the treatment plant is warm all year round. Given this fact, in the process of laying under the roadway, double-walled corrugated pipes are used, mainly, but there are also errors. And not only in this case.

Pressure polyethylene pipes (HDPE) with a cross section of 25 mm are used and laid with a counter angle for forced discharge. In the winter season, it is recommended to lay a heating self-regulating cable along the entire length of the line, with additional thermal insulation.

We dig a trench under the outlet line and clean the bottom of the trench for a sand cushion under the pipe (with a slope of 2-3 cm per 1 m).

The pipe in the insulation is laid on the sand. Then it is connected to the station using a branch pipe with a diameter of 11 cm.

We finish the installation with the outlet of the discharge system into a deep gutter.

The penultimate stage - we start the electric cable through a sealed input on the cable wall and connect it to the control unit (we do this according to the scheme). Next, we connect the lamp, as well as the float, alarm. Such a system is necessary to increase the reliability of the entire autonomous sewage system. Thus, you will always be aware of the work of the station around the clock.

If we consider the situation with forced emission, then two electrical appliances are mounted inside the station - this is a compressor and a drainage pump, sometimes a heating cable is connected.

This must be remembered:

1. The compressor is fixed with a clamp to the air duct and the power cable is connected to the socket located inside the station.
2. A drainage pump is installed in the tank for treated wastewater and connected to the socket with a cable. 3) an output line is connected to the pump, sometimes with a heating cable.

For the summer, the cable can be disconnected, in order to save electricity, we recommend that you do not exclude this possibility.

The end of the electrical cable brought into the house is fed to the shield (to a separate machine). It is not bad to install a voltage stabilizer in the house. It will protect electrical appliances from power surges.

So we have reached the victorious end - the preliminary launch. We connect all the elements of our system, check the performance of all airlift pumps, phase switching. We also check the operation of the drainage pump and the heating cable. In the event of a forced ejection, it must be uninterrupted.

Now is the time to start fully backfilling the station and all trenches that can be easily disguised as a lawn with flowers. And to overlay the station with a beautiful pattern of stones. Yes, and do not forget, for the good of the cause, to be instructed in the maintenance of the station.