Frame construction is becoming more and more popular in our country. Today it is no longer a secret that in terms of their main properties, buildings are in no way inferior to their log counterparts and meet all the requirements for modern housing:
- they are warm enough
- durable,
- can be used for quite a long time
- have good sound insulation
- not subject to shrinkage.
Sheathing of a frame house can be made of various materials.
When deciding how to sheathe a frame house, it should be borne in mind that the main functions of the sheathing are:
- home frame protection
- additional strengthening of the walls of the house,
- creating an attractive appearance of the facade,
- design of the exterior of the building in the intended style.
Properly selected and properly installed, the cladding will give the house a finished look, hide cosmetic wall defects (if any), and protect against aggressive environmental influences.
There are a lot of options for sheathing; a variety of shapes and materials are presented on the construction market. The choice, as a rule, is limited only by the preferences of the developer and his financial capabilities. In this article, we will consider all the main main types of cladding used in the design of the facades of a frame house.
Sheathing with wooden clapboard
Despite the fact that wooden paneling looks a little out of date, many people prefer it, because in comparison with others, wooden lining is the most environmentally friendly and vapor-permeable material. In addition, the installation of wooden lining itself does not cause any particular difficulties.
One of the disadvantages of wood paneling is its fragility. In order for the lining to retain its aesthetically attractive appearance and to protect it from destruction, it is required to cover the wood with impregnation or paint it. Wood paneling needs regular maintenance.
The house is sheathed with wood-polymer clapboard
Also, the modern construction industry offers for finishing such material as moisture-resistant lining, external wood-polymer. It is more practical, as it is not subject to decay and does not require such private care as wood.
Timber imitation finish
Sheathing-frame-house-imitation-timber The exterior cladding of the house can also be made of another wooden material - imitation of timber. This is a good alternative to lining if you consider the latter to be a somewhat primitive and outdated finishing material.
Block house in sheathing on a frame house A specially processed (hot) block house is quite durable, as it is not afraid of even sudden changes in temperature.
Siding for a frame house
- one of the modern materials for the outer skin of a frame house, which is now becoming more and more popular. It consists of separate panels that are fastened together with latches. Siding is used in the design of facades not only for private houses, but also for office buildings, entertainment centers, etc.
Although the main function is to decorate and protect the facade of the house, it also serves as an additional element to strengthen the frame structure.
Siding fastening is built on the principle of the same sheathing board. Each panel has a snap lock and a perforated edge for nails.
Siding varies in size: length 2-6 m, width 10-30 cm, thickness up to 1 cm.
The profile of the panels can be made with a single ("herringbone") and double fracture ("ship plank"). This characteristic is purely aesthetic, it does not affect the basic functions of the material.
For the manufacture of siding, various materials are used: ceramics, steel, wood, aluminum, etc. The appearance of the siding is quite neat. If we add to this such indicators as strength and durability (the coating does not change its original appearance for up to 10 years), then the popularity that this material enjoys in modern construction becomes clear.
Regardless of what material was used in the manufacture, outside on the panel
Attaching siding to decking a polymer coating or paint is applied to protect them from corrosion.
Siding is extremely easy to care for: it is easy to clean and does not require the application of any protective compounds (paints, impregnations, etc.). It is also completely safe and environmentally friendly.
The siding is attached to (made of wood or metal), in the course of facing work, the building can also be insulated.
Other materials for the outer skin of the house
Also in the cladding of buildings, frame houses, materials such as:
Each of these methods is used quite actively in construction today. Sheathing the house outside is an issue that is decided individually. It all depends on your goals and objectives that you set for yourself, and this is also a matter of taste.
Today it is fashionable to replace plastic trim elements with wooden options, which gives the home comfort and warmth. The technology of wall cladding with wood has been known for a long time, but remains relevant to this day. Today we’ll figure out whether do-it-yourself clapboard wall cladding is so difficult, and whether it can be done without outside help.
What nuances should be considered when working with lining
Lining is a board of different thickness, which is made from different types of wood. This material got its name because of the place where it was first applied. These are wagons in trains, the inner walls of which were sheathed with small wooden slats. Today it is fashionable to sheathe the walls in the bath with clapboard, as well as in the sauna, or the gazebo.
It must be taken into account that the decoration of the walls with clapboard with one's own hands requires a thorough, balanced approach. Pay attention to the following details:
- Packed boards should be stored on a substrate in a horizontal position.
- The humidity of the storage room must be within the normal range.
- Storage should not be allowed when direct sunlight is directed at the packages.
- It is important to pay attention to the expiration dates indicated on the package.
- The cost of 1 m2 of distillation from linden, which perfectly tolerates temperature changes and high humidity, costs 500 rubles, and in order to sheathe walls in the main rooms at the dacha, on average, you can meet a smaller amount - 300 rubles per m2. Important! The price of the material directly depends on the quality of the wood.
On a note! Lining for walls is bought with a margin, which is equal to ten percent of the total area. It must be remembered that the width of each element is measured by the internal depth, so you need to subtract 10-12 mm of the groove depth.
Lining material processing
After the purchase, the question becomes, how to sheathe the walls with clapboard on your own, so that the coating turns out to be wear-resistant and beautiful? The primary task is the correct pre-treatment, because the manufacturer does not carry out any manipulations with the tree. You need to do the following:
- Needle products need degreasing. To do this, it is better to rinse the board with a 25% acetone solution. Then wipe with a cloth dampened with water and dry.
- All, even the most minor, damage should be repaired with a putty mixture for wood. You can buy it at any hardware store.
- If you need to change the shade, then you can use stain, or other professional impregnations that will preserve the beautiful texture of the wood.
What you need to prepare the walls for lining
There are two main options for how to make a wall clapboard: glue and frame. Note that the first one will require you to have a perfectly flat surface. That is why the second method is preferable, which involves the construction of a crate. Among the advantages of this method is the creation of additional space for warming the room.
In order to fix the lining on the wall, you need:
- Tools. In this particular case, you should prepare a drill with different nozzles, a plumb line (level), pliers, a hammer, a hand saw or a jigsaw.
- Reiki for the construction of the frame. For these purposes, solid wooden beams with a cross section of 30 * 60 mm are suitable. At the same stage, the substrates used to level the surfaces are prepared.
- Fastening materials: dowels, self-tapping screws, nails, kleimers, if necessary, then hangers for the frame.
Important! Even if the frame method of fastening is used, preliminary preparation of working surfaces is required. The procedure is simple, it consists in the fact that all decorative elements are removed from the wall, and the defects are overwritten. After that, an additional primer is carried out.
How to create a crate for lining fasteners
Preparing walls for lining is the most scrupulous process. You will have to tinker with creating a special design. General recommendations:
- Treat the beam with refractory impregnation and antifungal agents.
- Make sure that the slats are located strictly perpendicular to the decorative boards.
- Between the rails, it is necessary to observe a single distance, the step of which is 40-50 cm.
- It is necessary to leave a distance between the floor and the ceiling. This recommendation is especially relevant for wooden houses, which are constantly subject to shrinkage.
- The evenness in the installation of the frame is subject to careful check, for this, plumb lines and a level are used.
- If a space is formed between the rail and the wall, then it must be filled with prepared dies.
Important! The construction of the crate makes it possible to equip the walls with an additional insulating layer. The insulation is fixed between the formed racks.
Which fixation option to choose?
It is important to decide on the method of fixing plank materials. Sheathing a wall can be done in several ways:
- Through view of fasteners. This is the simplest solution that does not require much effort. The point is that the screws are screwed directly through the front side. This method involves marking so that the fastener points are located on the same line. In addition, holes are drilled in advance on the wagon board, which will not allow the tree to deteriorate and crack. When screwing in screws, make sure that their heads are completely recessed into the wood. This is easy to achieve if you pre-drill a place under the hat with a large-caliber drill. Formed holes are masked with special eraser plugs or rubbed with putty. Of the shortcomings, this method significantly violates the external aesthetic appeal of the coating.
- Fastening the lining to the wall can be carried out using decorative carnations. Their hats were originally decorated to match the color of the material.
- A great option would be hidden carnations without hats. The peculiarity is that such nails can only be hammered at an angle of 80 degrees. This will make it possible to hide those areas that have been violated.
- If you have a professional stapler on your farm, then staples can be used for fasteners.
Important! You should not buy a manual stapler, which is sold on every corner, as its use does not provide a secure fit.
- With the smallest thickness of the wagon board, kleimers are used. The main advantage is that the mounts are invisible.
The method of how to fix the lining to the wall is selected individually, based on the specific situation. But we note that recently the most popular are the kleimers.
The process of fastening the lining
Before sheathing the walls, the material is brought into the room and left for two days. This manipulation is essential for the tree to fully acclimatize.
Important! If you rush and skip this stage, then there is a high probability that the structure will warp.
All work must be carried out at positive air temperatures, and the optimum humidity is at least 60%.
The essence of the technique:
- Most often, laying is carried out in a horizontal position, so install the first bar at the bottom so that its pinch (groove) looks up.
- As with wallpapering, fixing should start from a corner that is away from the entrance to the room.
- Check the board carefully with a level, taking into account the horizontal and vertical surfaces.
- The first board is fastened, and the rest are then grooved, and then fixed with clamps. be careful with the first and last elements, it is better to fix them with screws.
- After finishing, you need to decorate the walls with skirting boards and corners, or you can paint the walls from the lining with stain or varnish the surface.
Experience guarantees completion of finishing work in a day, even including the installation of the frame. Natural materials will give the room comfort and warmth, last a long time, and retain beauty.
Video: Do-it-yourself lining installation
Panels made of natural wood and pressed sawdust are not immediately nailed to the wall, because in this case there is a high probability of destruction of this building material. For fastening, a crate is installed under the lining, which can be easily made with your own hands at home from a metal profile or timber.
Types of crates
For the installation of wooden panels, both a metal frame and a wooden carrier system can be used. The metal structure is made of bearing profiles for the installation of drywall. They are easy to use, affordable and durable, but at the same time, they do not always meet the necessary requirements, and it is much more convenient to work with wooden slats. Metal profiles are used for MDF plastic lining and for exterior cladding.
Photo - metal carrier system
Lathing from a bar is often used not only for the installation of lining, but also for the installation of other wooden building materials. Wooden beams are more accessible and easy to use; if necessary, they can be easily trimmed with improvised means. But wood as a carrier system has significant drawbacks. Firstly, its service life is much less than that of the profile, and secondly, it does not tolerate the effects of moisture and other aggressive factors. Therefore, the crate, even from cedar and pine, is rarely used to fasten the lining on the balcony, in the corridor, in the bathroom and in the kitchen.
Photo - isolation in the bath Requirements for a crate made of wood:
- No nicks or cracks. The most important factor to pay attention to when working with bars is the smoothness of their surface. It should not have notches and visible cracks, because otherwise such a system will not last long;
- The wooden carrier system must be treated with antiseptics and solutions that prevent fire. This must be done, because wood in a building is always a source of potential fire hazard;
- Depending on the surface of the walls, you can use self-tapping screws or dowels, nails - no. Nails destroy not only the fibers of the wood, but also the wall on which the frame is installed.
Photo - bars for crates Video: installation of the crate
Frame installation
To properly make a crate for lining, you will need various working tools, a plan and building materials. Tips before installation:
The plan for installing the crate is drawn up based on the parameters of the room and the needs of the homeowner. Having a drawing in hand, you can easily calculate the quantity and cost of the required materials, determine the weak and strong components of the structure and set the desired dimensions of the lining.
Photo - mineral wool insulation How to make a crate for lining:
On this, the installation of the crate is considered complete. It is additionally covered with protective agents (varnishes or antiseptics) and left to dry.
Now it is very popular to install a floating crate on the balcony and in the rooms. Its device is successful due to the fact that with this design, the lining of the lining will not suffer when the house shrinks or the tree temporarily dries out. The suspended carrier system differs from the static one in that the racks are installed on the corners. Grooves are cut into them, which allow the vertical beams to slightly change their position depending on the walls. You need to set the support beams with some clearance.
Do-it-yourself lining is done quite simply and does not require special qualifications, so if you delve into this process, you can install the lining with your own hands, while saving a substantial amount on the work of the master.
It is also worth noting that modern additional elements for lining, called moldings (they are shown in the figure), make it possible to facilitate the installation process.
Work begins with the installation of guides, which must be mounted across the direction of the future lining. Together, in a lining ready for lining, these guides form a frame for lining (frame for lining).
For wooden lining, wooden slats are used as guides, for plastic - metal with the use of "P" - shaped holders.
U-shaped holders are used in the construction of all types of frames for plasterboard structures.
Wooden guides are pre-primed with an alkyd primer or special impregnation to protect the wood from moisture. In addition, they must be free of cracks and knots for the entire width and thickness of the guide (beam).
The installation of vertical guides begins with the fastening of the corner-level ones on the dowels in 40 cm increments, then the cords are pulled - on top of the rail, in the middle, from below. Intermediate guides are installed along the cords.
If during the installation of the guides it is necessary to make a gap between the wall and the guide (for example, if there is a pit on the wall and the guide is heated in it and does not reach the cord, or the surface is deviated from the level), then it can be planted on a gypsum mortar and, after it has set, be fixed with dowels, but it is better to put wooden wedges under the guide.
Horizontal guides are installed in a similar way. The first guide is installed from above, the bottom one is installed along the plumb lines, which are applied to the edges of the installed upper guide.
Between the guides on their thickness, you can lay the thermal insulation of polystyrene foam or glass wool.
The lining is fastened to a wooden frame using self-tapping screws, nails, clamps or staples; when working on a metal frame, nails and staples are not used.
There are two ways of lining with clapboard: with hidden fasteners and with open fasteners. In utility rooms, you can use cladding with open fasteners, while in residential areas it makes sense to use a closed fastening method.
The figure shows examples of closed fastenings on a wooden frame, as well as brackets for fastening a lining on a metal frame. In addition, the bracket can also be attached to a wooden frame, but using nails to fix the bracket to a wooden beam (guide). They are attached to the metal profile with the help of frame screws with flattened tips, called "fleas".
Sheathing with clapboard surfaces is carried out in several interrelated stages, each of which requires a special approach. Careful implementation of all technological procedures is a guarantee that it will be possible to obtain a reliable coating that is distinguished by excellent properties and environmental friendliness. The material is ideal for any kind of work.
Lining - is a board (of different thicknesses), which is made from various types of wood. The material got its name from the original place of use. Namely, train cars, the inner surfaces of which were sheathed with small wooden slats, which created an excellent microclimate. Currently, the wood product is returning to its former popularity, which decreased slightly when plastic and MDF options began to appear.
The modern construction market offers a wide range of lining types It must be borne in mind that do-it-yourself wall cladding with clapboard requires a balanced approach. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the product at the stage of its acquisition. Pay attention to the following points:
- Proper storage of purchased goods. Packages must be stored in a horizontal position on a support.
- The humidity level of the warehouse should be within the normal range.
- It is not allowed to find products in open space, under the rays of sunlight.
You should also pay attention to the expiration date on the label.
All information about the storage and shelf life of the lining should be indicated on the packaging of the material.
Such a precaution is necessary in order to mitigate possible risks. The fact is that work with lining is carried out only after they are completely convinced that the material meets all standards.
On a note! The product should be purchased with the necessary margin, which is equal to ten percent. To get the exact number of elements, preliminary calculations are carried out, and a scheme is drawn up. It is important to consider that the size of the width of each fragment is measured by the internal depth. That is, it is necessary to subtract the depth of the groove (10-12 mm).
It is necessary to buy material with a margin of 10% Material handling
After buying the right amount of products and fasteners, the question immediately arises: how to properly sheathe the walls with clapboard? But this is not a top priority. You need to know that the material needs pre-treatment, because in production, no actions are performed other than manufacturing. Therefore, the following manipulations are performed:
- Coniferous woods need complete degreasing. All resin stains are removed. The boards are well washed with acetone (25% solution is required). Further, they are carefully wiped with rags previously moistened with water. After all the steps - the products are dried.
- To obtain the same shade of the surface, each fragment is processed with a pre-prepared mixture. It consists of hydrogen peroxide and acid (oxalic). The solution is prepared based on the type of wood.
- All damages, even minor ones, are repaired with putty. It is better to choose a mixture of wood. You can buy it at the store or make your own.
- If you want to change the shade, then use stain or other special impregnations that preserve the texture of the wood.
Processing lining allows you to extend its service life and change the color of the material Of course, you can find products that will be pre-finished, but their cost will be essentially yours.
On a note! You can't skip preprocessing. This will be a gross violation of the technology for lining surfaces with clapboard.
There are two main options for lining the surface with clapboard: glue and frame. The first requires a perfectly flat plane. Therefore, a method that involves the construction of a crate is preferable. In addition, it allows you to create additional space for warming the room.
The construction of the frame provides additional opportunities for warming the room To attach the lining to the wall you will need:
- Tool. In this case, it is necessary to prepare: a drill with various nozzles, a level (plumb), a hammer, pliers, an electric jigsaw or a hand saw.
- Rails for the frame. For this purpose, a solid wooden beam with a cross section of 30 * 60 mm is excellent. Substrates are prepared immediately. They are used to level the racks.
On a note! If the surface has a significant slope, then setting the wooden beam will be a rather complicated procedure. In this case, a metal profile is used.
- Fasteners: self-tapping screws, dowels, carnations, kleimers; if required, then additional elements for the frame (suspensions).
You should be aware that before sheathing with clapboard, even if the frame method is used, preliminary surface preparation is required. The procedure is simple, it consists in the fact that the old decorative layer is removed, and all defects are well smeared. Additionally, priming is carried out.
Creating a crate
The crate is carefully attached to the wall. The order of placement of the rails is determined by the chosen scheme for laying the lining.
Scheme for creating a crate for lining- The beam is treated with refractory impregnation and mold protection. Wood paneling suggests that the wall will be dry.
- The slats should be perpendicular to the decorative boards.
- A single distance is established between the rails, the step of which is 40-50 cm.
- Be sure to leave a gap between the ceiling and the floor. This is especially important for wooden houses, which are subject to constant shrinkage.
- The evenness of the installation of the frame for cladding with wooden clapboard is carefully checked. To do this, use the building level and plumb lines.
- If an empty space is formed between the wall and the rail, then it is filled with prepared dies.
The empty space between the rail and the wall is filled with wooden dies On a note! The crate makes it possible to finish the walls with an additional layer of insulation. It is fixed directly between the racks.
Choosing a Fixation Option
Immediately determined with the method of fixation. After all, clapboard lining can be done in different ways:
Mounting the lining on the kleimers allows you to make the fasteners invisible The necessary fasteners are selected based on the specific situation. Currently, kleimers are becoming more and more popular.
Attachment of decorative material
Fastening the lining begins with the fact that the material is brought into the room and left for two days. This time is necessary for the product to fully acclimatize. If you carry out the installation immediately, then there is a high probability that the warping of the elements will begin - the structure will be deformed. Work is carried out only at a positive temperature and humidity, which is not less than 60%.
Previously, the lining is brought into the room and left for two days The general technique is:
- Often the installation of boards is carried out in a horizontal manner. Therefore, the first element is installed at the bottom so that the spike looks up.
- Fixing starts from the corner, which is away from the main entrance to the room.
- The first board is well checked for level, the horizontal and vertical planes are taken into account. If even small deviations are allowed, they will become very noticeable when the top panel is attached.
- The first fragment is fixed. Once again, the possibility of deviations is checked.
- Next, the following elements are installed, which are first grooved, and then fixed.
But how to sheathe a wall with clapboard vertically? The procedure is the same as before:
- Elements are located from the far corner. The first fragment is exposed and fixed.
- The following elements are inserted into the groove and fixed. It is important to check that the joint is fully connected. To do this, lightly tap the rail along the edge.
- For this method, a wider rail is used. It creates a beautiful surface with fewer joints.
With experience, the walls can be finished in one day (even with the frame). When the installation is fully completed, decorative elements are attached: corners and skirting boards. The surface is well impregnated with stain and varnished.
House decoration outside
Finishing the house with clapboard outside Sheathing the house with clapboard on the outside - almost completely repeats the internal work. The procedure is divided into three stages: marking, installation of the crate and cladding. But there are some nuances:
- Two racks must be installed at each corner of the house.
- Window and door openings are framed with a profile (beam).
- For work, a high-quality board is used, which does not have falling knots.
- Fixation is carried out through.
- Elements are fastened with a groove down. This prevents the accumulation of precipitation.
If you understand the basic rules and study the chosen fixing method well, then the work is done quite quickly. The result will be a surface that will bring comfort and warmth of natural wood to the interior and will delight with its beauty for many years.
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