The design of gas fire extinguishing installations (UGP) is carried out on the basis of a specialist’s study of many building parameters, including rather specific aspects:

• dimensions and design features of the premises;
• number of rooms;
• distribution of premises by fire hazard categories (according to NPB No. 105-85);
• the presence of people;
• parameters of technological equipment;
• characteristics of HVAC systems (heating, ventilation, air conditioning), etc.

In addition, the fire extinguishing design must take into account the requirements of the relevant codes and regulations - so the extinguishing system will be as effective as possible in fighting the fire and safe for the people in the building.

Thus, the choice of the designer of the gas fire extinguishing installation should be taken responsibly, it is better if the same performer is responsible not only for the design of the facility, but also for the installation and further maintenance of the system.

Technical description of the object

A gas fire extinguishing installation is a complex system that is used to extinguish fires of classes A, B, C, E in enclosed spaces. The selection of the optimal variant of GOTV (gas fire extinguishing agent) for UGP allows not only to be limited to those premises where there are no people, but also to actively use gas fire extinguishing to protect facilities where service personnel may be located.

Technically, the installation is a complex of devices and mechanisms. As part of the gas fire extinguishing system:

• modules or cylinders that serve to store and supply GOTV;
• distributors;
• pipelines;
• nozzles (valves) with locking and starting device;
• manometers;
• fire detectors that generate a fire signal;
• control devices for control of UGP;
• hoses, adapters and other accessories.

The number of nozzles, the diameter and length of pipelines, as well as other UGP parameters, are calculated by the master designer according to the methods of the Norms and Rules for the design of gas fire extinguishing installations (NPB No. 22-96).

Drawing up project documentation

The preparation of project documentation by the contractor is carried out in stages:

1. Inspection of the building, clarification of customer requirements.
2. Analysis of initial data, performance of calculations.
3. Drawing up a working version of the project, approval of documentation with the customer.
4. Preparation of the final version of the project documentation, which includes:
   • text part;
   • graphic materials - the layout of the protected premises, the available technological equipment, the location of the UGP, the connection diagram, the cable laying route;
   • specification of materials, equipment;
   • detailed estimate for installation;
   • work sheets.

The speed of installation of all equipment, as well as the reliable and efficient operation of the system, depend on how competently and completely the UGP project is drawn up.

Gas extinguishing module

For storage, protection from external influences and the release of fumes to eliminate fire, special gas fire extinguishing modules are used. Outwardly, these are metal cylinders equipped with a shut-off and starting device (ZPU) and a siphon tube. Those models in which liquefied gas is stored, in addition, have a device for controlling the mass of DHW (it can be both external and built-in).

There is usually an information plate on the cylinders, which is filled in by the responsible person or the UGP maintenance foreman. The following data should be entered regularly on the plate - module capacity, working pressure. Also, the modules should be marked:

• from the manufacturer - trademark, serial number, compliance with GOST, expiration date, etc.;
• working and test pressure;
• mass of empty and charged cylinder;
• capacity;
• dates of tests, charges;
• name of GOTV, its mass.

Activation of the module in case of fire occurs after a signal is received from the manual start devices or the receiving and control fire and security device to the starting device (PU). After the launcher is triggered, powder gases are formed that create excess pressure. Thanks to this, the ZPU opens and the fire extinguishing gas leaves the cylinder.

The cost of installing a gas fire extinguisher

The UGP designer necessarily conducts a preliminary calculation of the installation installation cost.

The price will depend on several factors:

• the cost of technological equipment - modules, including components and the required number of GFES, control panels, detectors, displays, cabling;
• height and area of ​​the protected premises (or premises);
• purpose of the object;
• GOTV type.

Agreement for the installation of a fire extinguishing system

A high-quality design of a gas fire extinguishing installation, installation calculation, further maintenance of the system - we do all this for our customers.

Details such as:

• cost of work,
• payment order,
• installation times,
• our obligations towards the customer,

after discussion and approval with the client will be spelled out in the contract.

As a result, we get a job, and our client gets a gas fire extinguishing system of a guaranteed high degree of reliability and quality.

Before installation and installation of any fire extinguishing equipment, its layout is preliminarily designed by a specialist. This also applies to gas fire extinguishing. Competently and correctly carried out work on the drafting of a gas fire extinguishing system will avoid many problems with the subsequent reinstallation of the complex, emergencies and other troubles.

How gas fire extinguishing is designed - general provisions and principles

The preparation of the project begins with the study of the initial data on the object of protection. The specialist takes into account such parameters as:

• dimensions of the premises;
• the location of the floors, their design;
• placement of engineering communications;
• the presence and size (area) of openings in the building envelope, which are constantly open;
• values ​​of the maximum allowable pressure in the premises;
• microclimatic parameters of the premises where the AUGP components will be placed;
• fire hazard of premises, fire class according to the State Standard for substances and materials stored there;
• features (if any) of the HVAC system (heating, ventilation, air conditioning);
• availability and characteristics of technological equipment in the premises;
• the number of permanently present people in the premises;
• features of evacuation routes and exits.

The amount of data that needs to be known and taken into account when designing is significant. Based on the information collected, the designer calculates the gas fire extinguishing system.

As a result, the AUGP parameters suitable for a particular object will be selected:

• the required amount of gas fire extinguishing agent;
• optimal duration of GOTV supply;
• required pipeline diameter, type and number of nozzles for installation;
• maximum overpressure when supplying a fire extinguishing agent;
• the number of reserve modules (cylinders) with GOTV;
• type and number of fire detectors (sensors).

The design of gas PT installations is carried out on the basis of fire safety standards (NPB No. 22-96).

Stages of designing gas fire extinguishing at facilities

Any gas fire extinguishing project begins with the receipt of an assignment from the customer for the performance of work, and then - the collection and analysis of data on the object.

The next plan of action is as follows:

1. Determining the type of AUGP (modular, mobile, stationary).
2. Engineering calculations.
3. Development and execution of drawings of the gas fire extinguishing installation project.
4. Preparation of specifications for materials and equipment.
5. Development of specific tasks for further installation of AUGP.

According to current regulations, when designing an AUGP, some nuances must be taken into account:

• organization of openings to relieve excess pressure;
• integration of gas fire extinguishing with other building systems;
• planning for effective gas removal from the premises after using AUGP, etc.

Calculations require the designer to have special knowledge, permits and licenses to carry out this kind of work.

We are ready to provide all this, as well as measures for the installation and further service of gas fire extinguishing systems, to our customers.

For several years, the F-metrics company has been designing gas fire extinguishing installations for objects of various functional purposes. The operation of gas fire extinguishing systems is based on the replacement of oxygen with gaseous substances that do not support combustion. Substance supply to the place of ignition is carried out under high pressure. The extinguishing agent may be carbon dioxide, freon or other substances.

Advantages of AUGPT

The gas fire extinguishing system is often found in various enterprises and premises where the use of water as an extinguishing agent is not possible. Such installations have the following advantages:

• The fire extinguishing gaseous substance does not emit toxins, it is harmless to humans and does not pollute the object; after the end of the extinguishing process, the gas will be removed from the room by ventilation or ventilation;
• Gas extinguishing agent (GOTV) does not conduct electricity;
• Automatic gas extinguishing systems respond to fire instantly, and the process of extinguishing the fire takes several minutes;
• Gas installations can operate at low temperatures.

The design of AUGPT is especially important for server, generator, transformer rooms, where there is a large amount of electronics and equipment that should not come into contact with water. In addition, the installations are used in museums, archives, libraries, and other places for storing material values. Since automatic gas fire extinguishing installations completely displace oxygen from the room during the extinguishing process, people cannot be there. If the facility does not have the ability to quickly evacuate a large number of people, other fire protection systems are installed there. AUGPT are not used to extinguish substances that are capable of sustaining combustion or smoldering in the absence of oxygen.

Types of AUGPT and their composition

The automatic systems include:

• sensors that respond to temperature rise, smoke, flames and other detectors;
• panels, control panels for fire extinguishing installations;
• cylinders in which GOTV is stored;
• locking, distributing, starting devices;
• control and measurement devices;
• pipelines;
• loops, power supply circuits, valves, etc.

AUGPT can be modular and centralized. The first ones include several cylinders with DHW, sensors, starting valves. Such installations are mounted directly in the protected room. The latter are designed for objects of a large area. Cylinders with GOTV are installed in a separate room, and the substance enters the place of combustion through pipelines. Such a system is integrated into the engineering networks of a building or structure. When a fire alarm is triggered, the supply and exhaust ventilation are promptly shut off.

Design order

In order for us to start developing the project, the Customer needs to submit an application, conclude an agreement with the company for the provision of services for the design of AUGPT, transfer to us the initial data on the object and all the necessary documentation. Next, the F-metrics engineer goes to the facility for its examination (if necessary). Based on all the information received, the following calculations are carried out:

• characteristics of the pneumatic installation;
• the time it takes for the installation to extinguish;
• the required number of GFFS, their locations;
• parameters of gas removal systems;
• other parameters, characteristics.

The design of gas fire extinguishing systems is a rather complex intellectual process, the result of which is a workable system that allows you to reliably, timely and effectively protect an object from fire. This article discusses and analyzesproblems that arise in the design of automaticgas fire extinguishing installations. Possibleperformance of these systems and their effectiveness, as well as considerationpossible variants of the optimal constructionautomatic gas fire extinguishing systems. Analysisof these systems is produced in full compliance with theaccording to the code of rules SP 5.13130.2009 and other norms validSNiP, NPB, GOST and Federal Laws and OrdersRussian Federation on automatic fire extinguishing installations.

Chief Engineer project of ASPT Spetsavtomatika LLC

V.P. Sokolov

Today, one of the most effective means of extinguishing fires in premises subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations AUPT in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.2009 Appendix "A" are automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. The type of automatic extinguishing installation, the method of extinguishing, the type of fire extinguishing agents, the type of equipment for fire automatics installations is determined by the design organization, depending on the technological, structural and space-planning features of the protected buildings and premises, taking into account the requirements of this list (see clause A.3. ).

The use of systems where the fire extinguishing agent is automatically or remotely in the manual start mode is supplied to the protected room in the event of a fire, is especially justified when protecting expensive equipment, archival materials or valuables. Automatic fire extinguishing installations make it possible to eliminate at an early stage the ignition of solid, liquid and gaseous substances, as well as energized electrical equipment. This method of extinguishing can be volumetric - when creating a fire extinguishing concentration throughout the volume of the protected premises or local - if the fire extinguishing concentration is created around the protected device (for example, a separate unit or unit of technological equipment).

When choosing the optimal option for controlling automatic fire extinguishing installations and choosing a fire extinguishing agent, as a rule, they are guided by the norms, technical requirements, features and functionality of the protected objects. When properly selected, gas fire extinguishing agents practically do not cause damage to the protected object, the equipment located in it with any production and technical purpose, as well as the health of permanently staying personnel working in the protected premises. The unique ability of gas to penetrate through cracks into the most inaccessible places and effectively affect the source of fire has become the most widespread in the use of gas fire extinguishing agents in automatic gas fire extinguishing installations in all areas of human activity.

That is why automatic gas fire extinguishing installations are used to protect: data processing centers (DPC), server, telephone communication centers, archives, libraries, museum storerooms, bank vaults, etc.

Consider the types of fire extinguishing agents most commonly used in automatic gas fire extinguishing systems:

Freon 125 (C 2 F 5 H) standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration according to N-heptane GOST 25823 is equal to - 9.8% of the volume (trade name HFC-125);

Freon 227ea (C3F7H) standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration according to N-heptane GOST 25823 is equal to - 7.2% of the volume (trade name FM-200);

Freon 318Ts (C 4 F 8) standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration according to N-heptane GOST 25823 is equal to - 7.8% of the volume (trade name HFC-318C);

Freon FK-5-1-12 (CF 3 CF 2 C (O) CF (CF 3) 2) standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration according to N-heptane GOST 25823 is - 4.2% by volume (brand name Novec 1230);

Carbon dioxide (CO 2) standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration according to N-heptane GOST 25823 is equal to - 34.9% of the volume (can be used without permanent stay of people in the protected room).

We will not analyze the properties of gases and their principles of impact on fire in the fire. Our task will be the practical use of these gases in automatic gas fire extinguishing installations, the ideology of building these systems in the design process, the issues of calculating the mass of gas to ensure the standard concentration in the volume of the protected room and determining the diameters of the pipes of the supply and distribution pipelines, as well as calculating the area of ​​nozzle outlets .

In gas fire extinguishing projects, when filling out the stamp of the drawing, on the title pages and in the explanatory note, we use the term automatic gas fire extinguishing installation. In fact, this term is not entirely correct and it would be more correct to use the term automated gas fire extinguishing installation.

Why is that! We look at the list of terms in SP 5.13130.2009.

3. Terms and definitions.

3.1 Automatic start of fire extinguishing installation: start-up of the installation from its technical means without human intervention.

3.2 Automatic fire extinguishing installation (AUP): a fire extinguishing installation that automatically operates when the controlled fire factor (factors) exceeds the established threshold values ​​in the protected area.

In the theory of automatic control and regulation, there is a separation of the terms automatic control and automated control.

Automatic systems is a complex of software and hardware tools and devices that work without human intervention. An automatic system does not have to be a complex set of devices for managing engineering systems and technological processes. It can be one automatic device that performs the specified functions according to a predetermined program without human intervention.

Automated systems is a complex of devices that convert information into signals and transmit these signals over a distance via a communication channel for measurement, signaling and control without human participation or with his participation on no more than one transmission side. Automated systems are a combination of two automatic control systems and a manual (remote) control system.

Consider the composition of automatic and automated control systems for active fire protection:

Means for obtaining information - information gathering devices.

Means for information transfer - communication lines (channels).

Means for receiving, processing information and issuing control signals of the lower level - local reception electrotechnical devices,devices and stations of control and management.

Means for the use of information- automatic regulators andactuators and warning devices for various purposes.

Means for displaying and processing information, as well as top-level automated control - central control oroperator workstation.

Automatic gas fire extinguishing installation AUGPT includes three start modes:

• automatic (start is carried out from automatic fire detectors);
• remote (launch is carried out from a manual fire detector located at the door to the protected room or guard post);
• local (from a mechanical manual start device located on the launch module “cylinder” with a fire extinguishing agent or next to the fire extinguishing module for liquid carbon dioxide MPZHUU structurally made in the form of an isothermal container).

Remote and local start modes are performed only with human intervention. So the correct decoding of AUGPT will be the term « Automated gas fire extinguishing installation".

Recently, when coordinating and approving a gas fire extinguishing project for work, the Customer requires that the inertia of the fire extinguishing installation be indicated, and not just the estimated delay time for gas release to evacuate personnel from the protected premises.

3.34 The inertia of the fire extinguishing installation: time from the moment the controlled fire factor reaches the threshold of the sensing element of the fire detector, sprinkler or stimulus until the start of the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the protected area.

Note- For fire extinguishing installations, which provide for a time delay for the release of a fire extinguishing agent in order to safely evacuate people from the protected premises and (or) to control process equipment, this time is included in the inertia of the AFS.

8.7 Time characteristics (see SP 5.13130.2009).

8.7.1 The installation must ensure the delay in the release of GFEA into the protected room during automatic and remote start for the time required to evacuate people from the room, turn off ventilation (air conditioning, etc.), close dampers (fire dampers, etc.), but not less than 10 sec. from the moment the evacuation warning devices are turned on in the room.

8.7.2 The unit must provide inertia (actuation time without taking into account the delay time for the release of GFFS) no more than 15 seconds.

The delay time for the release of a gas fire extinguishing agent (GOTV) into the protected premises is set by programming the algorithm of the station that controls the gas fire extinguishing. The time required for the evacuation of people from the premises is determined by calculation using a special method. The time interval of delays for the evacuation of people from the protected premises can be from 10 seconds. up to 1 min. and more. The gas release delay time depends on the dimensions of the protected premises, the complexity of the technological processes in it, the functional features of the installed equipment and the technical purpose, both of individual premises and industrial facilities.

The second part of the inertial delay of the gas fire extinguishing installation in time is the product of the hydraulic calculation of the supply and distribution pipeline with nozzles. The longer and more complex the main pipeline to the nozzle, the more important the inertia of the gas fire extinguishing installation. In fact, compared with the time delay required to evacuate people from the protected premises, this value is not so large.

The inertia time of the installation (the beginning of the outflow of gas through the first nozzle after opening the shut-off valves) is min 0.14 sec. and max. 1.2 sec. This result was obtained from the analysis of about a hundred hydraulic calculations of varying complexity and with different gas compositions, both freons and carbon dioxide located in cylinders (modules).

Thus the term "Inertia of the gas fire extinguishing installation" is made up of two components:

Gas release delay time for safe evacuation of people from the premises;

The time of technological inertia of the operation of the installation itself during the production of GOTV.

It is necessary to separately consider the inertia of the gas fire extinguishing installation with carbon dioxide based on the reservoir of the isothermal fire-fighting MPZHU "Volcano" with different volumes of the vessel used. A structurally unified series is formed by vessels with a capacity of 3; 5; ten; 16; 25; 28; 30m3 for working pressure 2.2MPa and 3.3MPa. To complete these vessels with shut-off and starting devices (LPU), depending on the volume, three types of shut-off valves are used with nominal diameters of the outlet opening of 100, 150 and 200 mm. A ball valve or a butterfly valve is used as an actuator in the shut-off and starting device. As a drive, a pneumatic drive with a working pressure on the piston of 8-10 atmospheres is used.

Unlike modular installations, where the electric start of the main shut-off and starting device is carried out almost instantly, even with the subsequent pneumatic start of the remaining modules in the battery (see Fig-1), the butterfly valve or ball valve opens and closes with a small time delay, which can be 1-3 sec. depending on the equipment manufacturer. In addition, the opening and closing of this LSD equipment in time due to the design features of the shut-off valves has a far from linear relationship (see Fig-2).

The figure (Fig-1 and Fig-2) shows a graph in which on one axis are the values ​​of the average consumption of carbon dioxide, and on the other axis are the values ​​of time. The area under the curve within the target time determines the calculated amount of carbon dioxide.

Average consumption of carbon dioxide Q m, kg/s, is determined by the formula

where: m- estimated amount of carbon dioxide ("Mg" according to SP 5.13130.2009), kg;

t- normative time of carbon dioxide supply, s.

with modular carbon dioxide.

Fig-1.

1-

to - opening time of the locking-starting device (LPU).

tx – the end time of CO2 gas outflow through the ZPU.

Automated gas fire extinguishing installation

with carbon dioxide on the basis of the isothermal tank MPZHU "Volcano".

Fig-2.

1- curve that determines the consumption of carbon dioxide over time through the ZPU.

The storage of the main and reserve stock of carbon dioxide in isothermal tanks can be carried out in two different separate tanks or together in one. In the second case, it becomes necessary to close the shut-off and starting device after the release of the main stock from the isothermal tank during an emergency fire extinguishing situation in the protected room. This process is shown in the figure as an example (see Fig-2).

The use of the isothermal tank MPZHU "Volcano" as a centralized fire extinguishing station in several directions implies the use of a lock-start device (LPU) with an open-close function to cut off the required (calculated) amount of fire extinguishing agent for each direction of gas fire extinguishing.

The presence of a large distribution network of the gas fire extinguishing pipeline does not mean that the outflow of gas from the nozzle will not begin before the LPU is fully opened, therefore, the time of opening the exhaust valve cannot be included in the technological inertia of the installation during the release of GFFS.

A large number of automated gas fire extinguishing installations are used at enterprises with various technical industries to protect process equipment and installations, both with normal operating temperatures and with a high level of operating temperatures on the working surfaces of the units, for example:

Gas compressor units of compressor stations, subdivided by type

drive engine for gas turbine, gas engine and electric;

High pressure compressor stations driven by an electric motor;

Generator sets with gas turbine, gas engine and diesel

drives;

Production process equipment for compression and

preparation of gas and condensate at oil and gas condensate fields, etc.

For example, the working surface of the casings of a gas turbine drive for an electric generator in certain situations can reach sufficiently high heating temperatures that exceed the autoignition temperature of some substances. In the event of an emergency, fire, on this process equipment and further elimination of this fire using an automatic gas fire extinguishing system, there is always a possibility of relapse, re-ignition when hot surfaces come into contact with natural gas or turbine oil, which is used in lubrication systems.

For equipment with hot working surfaces in 1986. VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR for the Ministry of Gas Industry of the USSR developed the document "Fire protection of gas pumping units of compressor stations of main gas pipelines" (Generalized recommendations). Where it is proposed to use individual and combined fire extinguishing installations to extinguish such objects. Combined fire extinguishing installations imply two stages of putting fire extinguishing agents into action. The list of combinations of fire extinguishing agents is available in the generalized training manual. In this article, we consider only combined gas fire extinguishing installations "gas plus gas". The first stage of gas fire extinguishing of the facility complies with the norms and requirements of SP 5.13130.2009, and the second stage (extinguishing) eliminates the possibility of re-ignition. The method for calculating the mass of gas for the second stage is given in detail in the generalized recommendations, see the section "Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations".

To start the gas fire extinguishing system of the first stage in technical installations without the presence of people, the inertia of the gas fire extinguishing installation (gas start delay) must correspond to the time required to stop the operation of the technical means and turn off the air cooling equipment. The delay is provided in order to prevent the entrainment of the gas fire extinguishing agent.

For the second stage gas fire extinguishing system, a passive method is recommended to prevent the recurrence of re-ignition. The passive method implies the inerting of the protected room for a time sufficient for the natural cooling of the heated equipment. The time for supplying a fire extinguishing agent to the protected area is calculated and, depending on the technological equipment, can be 15-20 minutes or more. The operation of the second stage of the gas fire extinguishing system is carried out in the mode of maintaining a given fire extinguishing concentration. The second stage of gas fire extinguishing is switched on immediately after the completion of the first stage. The first and second stages of gas fire extinguishing for the supply of fire extinguishing agent must have their own separate piping and a separate hydraulic calculation of the distribution pipeline with nozzles. The time intervals between which the cylinders of the second stage of fire extinguishing are opened and the supply of fire extinguishing agent is determined by calculations.

As a rule, carbon dioxide CO 2 is used to extinguish the equipment described above, but freons 125, 227ea and others can also be used. Everything is determined by the value of the protected equipment, the requirements for the effect of the selected fire extinguishing agent (gas) on the equipment, as well as the effectiveness of the extinguishing. This issue lies entirely within the competence of specialists involved in the design of gas fire extinguishing systems in this area.

The automation control scheme of such an automated combined gas fire extinguishing installation is quite complex and requires a very flexible control and management logic from the control station. It is necessary to carefully approach the choice of electrical equipment, that is, gas fire extinguishing control devices.

Now we need to consider general issues on the placement and installation of gas fire extinguishing equipment.

8.9 Pipelines (see SP 5.13130.2009).

8.9.8 The distribution piping system should generally be symmetrical.

8.9.9 The internal volume of pipelines must not exceed 80% of the volume of the liquid phase of the calculated amount of GFFS at a temperature of 20°C.

8.11 Nozzles (see SP 5.13130.2009).

8.11.2 Nozzles should be placed in the protected room, taking into account its geometry, and ensure the distribution of GFEA throughout the volume of the room with a concentration not lower than the standard one.

8.11.4 The difference in DHW flow rates between two extreme nozzles on one distribution pipeline should not exceed 20%.

8.11.6 In one room (protected volume), nozzles of only one standard size should be used.

3. Terms and definitions (see SP 5.13130.2009).

3.78 Distribution pipeline: pipeline on which sprinklers, sprayers or nozzles are mounted.

3.11 Distribution pipeline branch: section of a distribution pipeline row located on one side of the supply pipeline.

3.87 Row of distribution pipeline: a set of two branches of a distribution pipeline located along the same line on both sides of the supply pipeline.

Increasingly, when coordinating design documentation for gas fire extinguishing, one has to deal with different interpretations of some terms and definitions. Especially if the axonometric scheme of piping for hydraulic calculations is sent by the Customer himself. In many organizations, gas fire extinguishing systems and water fire extinguishing are handled by the same specialists. Consider two schemes for distributing gas fire extinguishing pipes, see Fig-3 and Fig-4. The comb type scheme is mainly used in water fire extinguishing systems. Both schemes shown in the figures are also used in the gas fire extinguishing system. There is only a limitation for the "comb" scheme, it can only be used for extinguishing with carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide). The normative time for the release of carbon dioxide into the protected room is no more than 60 seconds, and it does not matter if it is a modular or centralized gas fire extinguishing installation.

The time for filling the entire pipeline with carbon dioxide, depending on its length and the diameters of the tubes, can be 2-4 seconds, and then the entire pipeline system up to the distribution pipelines on which the nozzles are located, turns, as in the water fire extinguishing system, into a “supply pipeline”. Subject to all the rules of hydraulic calculation and the correct selection of the internal diameters of the pipes, the requirement will be met in which the difference in the DHW flow rates between the two extreme nozzles on one distribution pipeline or between the two extreme nozzles on the two extreme rows of the supply pipeline, for example, rows 1 and 4, will not exceed twenty%. (See copy of paragraph 8.11.4). The working pressure of carbon dioxide at the outlet in front of the nozzles will be approximately the same, which will ensure uniform consumption of the GOTV fire extinguishing agent through all nozzles in time and the creation of a standard gas concentration at any point in the volume of the protected room after 60 seconds. since the launch of the gas fire extinguishing installation.

Another thing is the variety of fire extinguishing agent - freons. The standard time for the release of freon into the protected room for modular fire extinguishing is no more than 10 seconds, and for a centralized installation no more than 15 seconds. etc. (see SP 5.13130.2009).

firefightingaccording to the "comb" type scheme.

FIG. 3.

As the hydraulic calculation with freon gas (125, 227ea, 318Ts and FK-5-1-12) shows, the main requirement of the set of rules is not met for the axonometric layout of the comb-type pipeline, which is to ensure a uniform flow of fire extinguishing agent through all nozzles and ensure the distribution of fire extinguishing agent over the entire volume of the protected premises with a concentration not lower than the standard (see the copy of paragraph 8.11.2 and paragraph 8.11.4). The difference in the flow rate of the freon family DHW through nozzles between the first and last rows can reach 65% instead of the allowable 20%, especially if the number of rows on the supply pipeline reaches 7 pcs. and more. Obtaining such results for a gas of the freon family can be explained by the physics of the process: the transience of the ongoing process in time, so that each subsequent row takes part of the gas onto itself, a gradual increase in the length of the pipeline from row to row, the dynamics of resistance to gas movement through the pipeline. This means that the first row with nozzles on the supply pipeline is in more favorable operating conditions than the last row.

The rule states that the difference in DHW flow rates between two extreme nozzles on the same distribution pipeline should not exceed 20% and nothing is said about the difference in flow rate between rows on the supply pipeline. Although another rule states that the nozzles must be placed in the protected room, taking into account its geometry and ensure the distribution of GOV throughout the volume of the room with a concentration not lower than the standard one.

Gas installation piping plan

fire extinguishing systems in a symmetrical pattern.

FIG-4.

How to understand the requirement of the code of practice, the distribution piping system, as a rule, must be symmetrical (see copy 8.9.8). The “comb” type piping system of the gas fire extinguishing installation also has symmetry with respect to the supply pipeline and at the same time does not provide the same freon gas flow rate through nozzles throughout the volume of the protected room.

Figure-4 shows the piping system for a gas fire extinguishing installation according to all symmetry rules. This is determined by three signs: the distance from the gas module to any nozzle has the same length, the diameters of the pipes to any nozzle are identical, the number of bends and their direction are similar. The difference in gas flow rates between any nozzles is practically zero. If, according to the architecture of the protected premises, it is necessary to lengthen or move a distribution pipeline with a nozzle to the side, the difference in flow rates between all nozzles will never exceed 20%.

Another problem for gas fire extinguishing installations is the high height of the protected premises from 5 m or more (see Fig-5).

Axonometric diagram of the piping of the gas fire extinguishing installationin a room of the same volume with a high ceiling height.

Fig-5.

This problem arises when protecting industrial enterprises, where the production workshops to be protected can have ceilings up to 12 meters high, specialized archive buildings with ceilings reaching heights of 8 meters and above, hangars for storing and servicing various special equipment, gas and oil products pumping stations, etc. .d. The generally accepted maximum installation height of the nozzle relative to the floor in the protected room, which is widely used in gas fire extinguishing installations, as a rule, is no more than 4.5 meters. It is at this height that the developer of this equipment checks the operation of his nozzle to ensure that its parameters comply with the requirements of SP 5.13130.2009, as well as the requirements of other regulatory documents of the Russian Federation on fire safety.

With a high height of the production facility, for example 8.5 meters, the process equipment itself will definitely be located at the bottom of the production site. In case of volumetric extinguishing with a gas fire extinguishing installation in accordance with the rules of SP 5.13130.2009, nozzles must be located on the ceiling of the protected room, at a height of not more than 0.5 meters from the ceiling surface in strict accordance with their technical parameters. It is clear that the height of the production room of 8.5 meters does not meet the technical characteristics of the nozzle. Nozzles should be placed in the protected room, taking into account its geometry and ensure the distribution of GFEA throughout the volume of the room with a concentration not lower than the standard one (see paragraph 8.11.2 from SP 5.13130.2009). The question is how long it will take to equalize the standard concentration of gas throughout the volume of the protected room with high ceilings, and what rules can regulate this. One solution to this issue seems to be a conditional division of the total volume of the protected room in height into two (three) equal parts, and along the boundaries of these volumes, every 4 meters down the wall, symmetrically install additional nozzles (see Fig-5). Additionally installed nozzles allow you to quickly fill the volume of the protected room with a fire extinguishing agent with the provision of a standard gas concentration, and, more importantly, ensure a quick supply of a fire extinguishing agent to the process equipment at the production site.

According to the given piping layout (see Fig-5), it is most convenient to have nozzles with 360° GFEA spraying on the ceiling, and 180° GFFS side spray nozzles on the walls of the same standard size and equal to the estimated area of ​​the spray holes. As the rule says, nozzles of only one standard size should be used in one room (protected volume) (see copy of clause 8.11.6). True, the definition of the term nozzles of one standard size is not given in SP 5.13130.2009.

For the hydraulic calculation of the distribution pipeline with nozzles and the calculation of the mass of the required amount of gas fire extinguishing agent to create a standard fire extinguishing concentration in the protected volume, modern computer programs are used. Previously, this calculation was carried out manually using special approved methods. This was a complex and time-consuming action, and the result obtained had a rather large error. To obtain reliable results of the hydraulic calculation of piping, a large experience of a person involved in the calculations of gas fire extinguishing systems was required. With the advent of computer and training programs, hydraulic calculations have become available to a wide range of specialists working in this field. The computer program "Vector", one of the few programs that allows you to optimally solve all kinds of complex problems in the field of gas fire extinguishing systems with minimal loss of time for calculations. To confirm the reliability of the calculation results, the verification of hydraulic calculations using the computer program "Vector" was carried out and a positive Expert opinion No. 40/20-2016 dated 31.03.2016 was received. Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the use of the program of hydraulic calculations "Vector" in gas fire extinguishing installations with the following fire extinguishing agents: Freon 125, Freon 227ea, Freon 318Ts, FK-5-1-12 and CO2 (carbon dioxide) produced by ASPT Spetsavtomatika LLC.

The computer program for hydraulic calculations "Vector" frees the designer from routine work. It contains all the norms and rules of SP 5.13130.2009, it is within the framework of these restrictions that calculations are performed. A person inserts into the program only his initial data for calculation and makes changes if he is not satisfied with the result.

Finally I would like to say that we are proud that, according to many experts, ASPT Spetsavtomatika LLC is one of the leading Russian manufacturers of automatic gas fire extinguishing installations in the field of technology.

The company's designers have developed a number of modular installations for various conditions, features and functionality of protected objects. The equipment fully complies with all Russian regulatory documents. We carefully follow and study the world experience in developments in our field, which allows us to use the most advanced technologies in the development of our own production plants.

An important advantage is that our company not only designs and installs fire extinguishing systems, but also has its own production base for the manufacture of all necessary fire extinguishing equipment - from modules to manifolds, pipelines and gas spray nozzles. Our own gas filling station gives us the opportunity to quickly refuel and inspect a large number of modules, as well as conduct comprehensive tests of all newly developed gas fire extinguishing systems (GFS).

Cooperation with the world's leading manufacturers of fire-extinguishing compositions and manufacturers of fire extinguishing agents within Russia allows LLC "ASPT Spetsavtomatika" to create multi-purpose fire extinguishing systems using the safest, highly effective and widespread compositions (Hladones 125, 227ea, 318Ts, FK-5-1-12, carbon dioxide ( CO 2)).

ASPT Spetsavtomatika LLC offers not one product, but a single complex - a complete set of equipment and materials, design, installation, commissioning and subsequent maintenance of the above fire extinguishing systems. Our organization regularly free training in the design, installation and commissioning of manufactured equipment, where you can get the most complete answers to all your questions, as well as get any advice in the field of fire protection.

Reliability and high quality are our top priority!

MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STATE FIRE SERVICE

FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS

AUTOMATIC GAS FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS

REGULATIONS AND RULES FOR DESIGN AND APPLICATION

NPB 22-96

MOSCOW 1997

Developed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Defense (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Submitted and prepared for approval by the regulatory and technical department of the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service (GUGPS) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Approved by the chief state inspector of the Russian Federation for fire supervision. Agreed with the Ministry of Construction of Russia (letter No. 13-691 dated 12/19/1996). They were put into effect by order of the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 31, 1996 No. 62. Instead of SNiP 2.04.09-84 in the part related to automatic gas fire extinguishing installations (section 3). Date of entry into force 01.03.1997

Norms of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

GAS FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS AUTOMATIC.

Code of practice for design and application

AUTOMATIC GAS FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS.

Standards and rules of design and use

Date of introduction 01.03.1997

1 AREA OF USE

These Standards apply to the design and use of automatic gas fire extinguishing installations (hereinafter referred to as AUGP). These Standards do not define the scope and do not apply to AUGP for buildings and structures designed according to special vehicle standards. The use of AUGP, depending on the functional purpose of buildings and structures, the degree of fire resistance, the category of explosion and fire hazard and other indicators, is determined by the relevant current regulatory and technical documents approved in the prescribed manner. When designing, in addition to these standards, the requirements of other federal regulatory documents in the field of fire safety must be met.

2. REGULATORY REFERENCES

References to the following documents are used in these Standards: GOST 12.3.046-91 Automatic fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. GOST 12.2.047-86 Fire fighting equipment. Terms and Definitions. GOST 12.1.033-81 Fire safety. Terms and Definitions. GOST 12.4.009-83 Fire equipment for the protection of facilities. Main types. Accommodation and service. GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Classification of fires. GOST 27990-88 Means of security, fire and security fire alarms. General technical requirements. GOST 14202-69 Pipelines of industrial enterprises. Identification painting, warning signs and labels. GOST 15150-94 Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of climatic environmental factors. GOST 28130 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers, fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations. Conditional graphic designations. GOST 9.032-74 Paint coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations. GOST 12.1.004-90 Organization of labor safety training. General provisions. GOST 12.1.005-88 General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area. GOST 12.1.019-79 Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection. GOST 12.2.003-91 SSBT. Production equipment. General safety requirements. GOST 12.4.026-76 Signal colors and safety signs. SNiP 2.04.09.84 Fire automation of buildings and structures. SNiP 2.04.05.92 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. SNiP 3.05.05.84 Technological equipment and process pipelines. SNiP 11-01-95 Instructions on the procedure for the development, approval, approval and composition of project documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures. SNiP 23.05-95 Natural and artificial lighting. NPB 105-95 Norms of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Definition of categories of premises and buildings for explosion and fire safety. NPB 51-96 Gas fire-extinguishing compositions. General technical requirements for fire safety and test methods. NPB 54-96 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. modules and batteries. General technical requirements. Test methods. PUE-85 Rules for the installation of electrical installations. - M.: ENERGOATOMIZDAT, 1985. - 640 p.

3. DEFINITIONS

In these Standards, the following terms are used with their respective definitions and abbreviations.

		Definition	The document on the basis of which the definition is given
	Automatic gas fire extinguishing installation (AUGP)	A set of stationary technical fire extinguishing equipment for extinguishing fires by automatically releasing a gas fire extinguishing composition
			NPB 51-96
	Centralized automatic gas fire extinguishing installation	AUGP containing batteries (modules) with GOS, located in the fire extinguishing station, and designed to protect two or more premises
	Modular automatic gas fire extinguishing installation	AUGP containing one or more modules with GOS, placed directly in the protected room or next to it
	Gas fire extinguishing battery		NPB 54-96
	Gas extinguishing module		NPB 54-96
	Gas fire extinguishing composition (GOS)		NPB 51-96
	nozzles	Device for the release and distribution of GOS in a protected room
	Inertia AUGP	The time from the moment the signal is generated to start the AUGP until the start of the expiration of the GOS from the nozzle into the protected room, excluding the delay time
	Duration (time) of filing GOS t under, s	The time from the beginning of the expiration of the GOS from the nozzle until the moment the estimated mass of the GOS is released from the installation, which is necessary to extinguish a fire in the protected room
	Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration Cn, % vol.	The product of the minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of GOS by a safety factor equal to 1.2
	Normative mass fire extinguishing concentration q N, kg × m -3	The product of the normative volume concentration of HOS and the density of HOS in the gas phase at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 0.1 MPa
	Leakage parameter of the room d= S F H / V P ,m -1	The value characterizing the leakage of the protected premises and representing the ratio of the total area of ​​permanently open openings to the volume of the protected premises
	Leakage degree, %	The ratio of the area of ​​permanently open openings to the area of ​​enclosing structures
	Maximum excess pressure in the room Р m, MPa	The maximum value of pressure in the protected room when the calculated amount of GOS is released into it
	Reserve GOS		GOST 12.3.046-91
	GOS stock		GOST 12.3.046-91
	Maximum GOS jet size	The distance from the nozzle to the section where the speed of the gas-air mixture is at least 1.0 m/s
	Local, start (switch on)		NPB 54-96

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1. The equipment of buildings, structures and premises of the AUGP should be carried out in accordance with the design documentation developed and approved in accordance with SNiP 11-01-95. 4.2. AUGP based on gas fire extinguishing compositions are used to eliminate fires of classes A, B, C according to GOST 27331 and electrical equipment (electrical installations with a voltage not higher than those specified in the TD for the used GOS), with a leakage parameter of not more than 0.07 m -1 and a degree of leakage not more than 2.5%. 4.3. AUGP based on GOS should not be used to extinguish fires: - fibrous, loose, porous and other combustible materials prone to spontaneous combustion and (or) smoldering inside the volume of the substance (sawdust, cotton, grass flour, etc.); - chemicals and their mixtures, polymeric materials prone to smoldering and burning without air access; - metal hydrides and pyrophoric substances; - metal powders (sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, etc.).

5. AUGP DESIGN

5.1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

5.1.1. Design, installation and operation of AUGP should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these Standards, other applicable regulatory documents in terms of gas fire extinguishing installations, and taking into account the technical documentation for the elements of AUGP. 5.1.2. AUGP includes: - modules (batteries) for storing and supplying gas fire extinguishing composition; - distribution devices; - main and distribution pipelines with the necessary fittings; - nozzles for the release and distribution of GOS in the protected volume; - fire detectors, technological sensors, electrocontact manometers, etc.; - devices and devices for control and management of AUGP; - devices that generate command impulses to turn off ventilation, air conditioning, air heating and process equipment in the protected room; - devices that generate and issue command pulses for closing fire dampers, dampers of ventilation ducts, etc.; - devices for signaling the position of doors in the protected room; - devices for sound and light alarms and warnings about the operation of the installation and the start of gas; - fire alarm loops, electrical supply circuits, control and monitoring AUGP. 5.1.3. The performance of the equipment included in the AUGP is determined by the project and must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.3.046, NPB 54-96, PUE-85 and other applicable regulatory documents. 5.1.4. The initial data for the calculation and design of AUGP are: - the geometric dimensions of the room (length, width and height of enclosing structures); - design of floors and location of engineering communications; - the area of ​​permanently open openings in the enclosing structures; - maximum allowable pressure in the protected room (based on the strength of building structures or equipment located in the room); - range of temperature, pressure and humidity in the protected room and in the room where the AUGP components are located; - list and indicators of fire hazard of substances and materials in the room, and the corresponding fire class according to GOST 27331; - type, size and scheme of distribution of the brew load; - normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of GOS; - availability and characteristics of ventilation, air conditioning, air heating systems; - characteristics and placement of technological equipment; - the category of premises according to NPB 105-95 and the classes of zones according to PUE-85; - the presence of people and ways of their evacuation. 5.1.5. Calculation of AUGP includes: - determination of the estimated mass of the GOS required to extinguish a fire; - determination of the duration of the filing of the CES; - determination of the diameter of the pipelines of the installation, the type and number of nozzles; - determination of the maximum overpressure when applying the GOS; - determination of the required reserve of HOS and batteries (modules) for centralized installations or the stock of HOS and modules for modular installations; - determination of the type and required number of fire detectors or sprinklers of the incentive system. Note. The method for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for a low-pressure plant with carbon dioxide is given in the recommended Appendix 4. For a high-pressure plant with carbon dioxide and other gases, the calculation is carried out according to the methods agreed upon in the prescribed manner. 5.1.6. AUGP must ensure the supply to the protected premises of at least the estimated mass of the GOS intended for extinguishing a fire, for the time specified in clause 2 of the mandatory Appendix 1. 5.1.7. AUGP should ensure the delay in the release of GOS for the time necessary to evacuate people after the light and sound alerts, stop the ventilation equipment, close the air dampers, fire dampers, etc., but not less than 10 s. The required evacuation time is determined according to GOST 12.1.004. If the required evacuation time does not exceed 30 s, and the time for stopping ventilation equipment, closing air dampers, fire dampers, etc. Exceeds 30 s, then the mass of the GOS should be calculated from the condition of the ventilation and (or) leaks available at the time of the release of the GOS. 5.1.8. The equipment and the length of the pipelines must be selected from the condition that the inertia of the AUGP operation should not exceed 15 s. 5.1.9. The AUGP distribution pipeline system, as a rule, should be symmetrical. 5.1.10. AUGP pipelines in fire hazardous areas should be made of metal pipes. It is allowed to use high-pressure hoses to connect the modules with a collector or a main pipeline. The conditional passage of incentive pipelines with sprinklers should be taken equal to 15 mm. 5.1.11. The connection of pipelines in fire extinguishing installations should, as a rule, be carried out on welding or threaded connections. 5.1.12. Pipelines and their connections in AUGP must provide strength at a pressure equal to 1.25 R RAB, and tightness at a pressure equal to R RAB. 5.1.13. According to the method of storing the gas fire extinguishing composition, AUGP are divided into centralized and modular. 5.1.14. AUGP equipment with centralized storage of GOS should be placed in fire extinguishing stations. The premises of fire extinguishing stations must be separated from other premises by fire partitions of the 1st type and floors of the 3rd type. The premises of fire extinguishing stations, as a rule, must be located in the basement or on the first floor of buildings. It is allowed to place a fire extinguishing station above the ground floor, while the lifting and transport devices of buildings and structures must ensure the possibility of delivering equipment to the installation site and carrying out maintenance work. The exit from the station should be provided to the outside, to the stairwell, which has access to the outside, to the lobby or to the corridor, provided that the distance from the exit from the station to the stairwell does not exceed 25 m and there are no exits to rooms of categories A, B and B, except for rooms equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations. Note. It is allowed to install an isothermal storage tank for GOS outdoors with a canopy for protection from precipitation and solar radiation with a mesh fence around the perimeter of the site. 5.1.15. The premises of fire extinguishing stations must be at least 2.5 m high for installations with cylinders. The minimum height of the room when using an isothermal container is determined by the height of the container itself, taking into account the distance from it to the ceiling of at least 1 m. at least 100 lux for fluorescent lamps or at least 75 lux for incandescent lamps. Emergency lighting must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23.05.07-85. The station premises must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation with at least two air exchanges for 1 hour. The stations must be equipped with a telephone connection with the duty personnel room, which is on duty around the clock. At the entrance to the station premises, a light panel "Fire extinguishing station" should be installed. 5.1.16. The equipment of modular gas fire extinguishing installations can be located both in the protected room and outside it, in close proximity to it. 5.1.17. The placement of local start-up devices for modules, batteries and switchgear should be at a height of no more than 1.7 m from the floor. 5.1.18. The placement of centralized and modular AUGP equipment should ensure the possibility of its maintenance. 5.1.19. The choice of the type of nozzles is determined by their performance characteristics for a particular GOS, specified in the technical documentation for the nozzles. 5.1.20. Nozzles should be placed in the protected room in such a way as to ensure the concentration of HOS throughout the volume of the room is not lower than the standard. 5.1.21. The difference in flow rates between the two extreme nozzles on the same distribution pipeline should not exceed 20%. 5.1.22. The AUGP should be provided with devices that exclude the possibility of clogging of nozzles during the release of GOS. 5.1.23. In one room, nozzles of only one type should be used. 5.1.24. When nozzles are located in places of their possible mechanical damage, they must be protected. 5.1.25. The painting of the components of the installations, including pipelines, must comply with GOST 12.4.026 and industry standards. Unit piping and modules located in rooms with special aesthetic requirements can be painted in accordance with these requirements. 5.1.26. Protective paint must be applied to all external surfaces of pipelines in accordance with GOST 9.032 and GOST 14202. 5.1.27. Equipment, products and materials used in AUGP must have documents certifying their quality and comply with the conditions of use and project specifications. 5.1.28. AUGP of a centralized type, in addition to the calculated one, must have a 100% reserve of gas fire extinguishing composition. Batteries (modules) for storing the main and backup GOS must have cylinders of the same size and be filled with the same amount of gas fire extinguishing composition. 5.1.29. AUGP of modular type, which have gas fire extinguishing modules of the same standard size at the facility, must have a stock of GOS at the rate of 100% replacement in the installation that protects the room of the largest volume. If at one facility there are several modular installations with modules of different sizes, then the stock of HOS should ensure the restoration of the operability of the installations that protect the premises of the largest volume with modules of each size. The stock of GOS should be stored in the warehouse of the facility. 5.1.30. If it is necessary to test the AUGP, the GOS reserve for these tests is taken from the condition of protecting the premises of the smallest volume, if there are no other requirements. 5.1.31. The equipment used for AUGP must have a service life of at least 10 years.

5.2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL CONTROL, CONTROL, ALARM AND POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

5.2.1. AUGP electrical control means should provide: - automatic start-up of the installation; - disabling and restoring the automatic start mode; - automatic switching of the power supply from the main source to the backup one when the voltage is turned off at the main source, followed by switching to the main power source when the voltage is restored on it; - remote start of the installation; - turning off the sound alarm; - delay in the release of GOS for the time required to evacuate people from the premises, turn off ventilation, etc., but not less than 10 s; - formation of a command pulse at the outputs of electrical equipment for use in control systems for technological and electrical equipment of the facility, fire alarm systems, smoke removal, air overpressure, as well as to turn off ventilation, air conditioning, air heating; - automatic or manual shutdown of sound and light alarms about fire, operation and malfunction of the installation. Notes: 1. Local start should be excluded or blocked in modular installations in which gas fire extinguishing modules are located inside the protected room.2. For centralized installations and modular installations with modules located outside the protected premises, the modules (batteries) must have a local start.3. In the presence of a closed system that serves only this room, it is allowed not to turn off ventilation, air conditioning, air heating after the GOS is supplied to it. 5.2.2. The formation of a command pulse for the automatic start of a gas fire extinguishing installation must be carried out from two automatic fire detectors in one or different loops, from two electrical contact pressure gauges, two pressure alarms, two process sensors or other devices. 5.2.3. Remote start devices should be placed at emergency exits outside the protected premises or the premises, which include the protected channel, underground, space behind the false ceiling. It is allowed to place remote start devices in the premises of the personnel on duty with the obligatory indication of the AUGP operating mode. 5.2.4. Devices for remote start-up of installations must be protected in accordance with GOST 12.4.009. 5.2.5. AUGP protecting premises in which people are present must have automatic start shutdown devices in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.009. 5.2.6. When opening the doors to the protected room, the AUGP should provide blocking of the automatic start-up of the installation with indication of the blocked state according to clause 5.2.15. 5.2.7. Devices for restoring the automatic start-up mode of the AUGP should be placed in the premises of the duty personnel. If there is protection against unauthorized access to the AUGP automatic start recovery devices, these devices can be placed at the entrances to the protected premises. 5.2.8. AUGP equipment should provide automatic control of: - the integrity of fire alarm loops along their entire length; - integrity of electric starting circuits (for breakage); - air pressure in the incentive network, starting cylinders; - light and sound signaling (automatically or on call). 5.2.9. If there are several directions for the supply of GOS, the batteries (modules) and switchgear installed in the fire extinguishing station must have plates indicating the protected room (direction). 5.2.10. In rooms protected by volumetric gas fire extinguishing installations, and in front of their entrances, an alarm system should be provided in accordance with GOST 12.4.009. Adjacent rooms that have access only through protected rooms, as well as rooms with protected channels, undergrounds and spaces behind a false ceiling, should be equipped with a similar alarm system. At the same time, the light panel "Gas - go away!", "Gas - do not enter" and the warning sound alarm device are installed common for the protected room and protected spaces (channels, underground, behind the false ceiling) of this room, and when protecting only these spaces - common for these spaces. 5.2.11. Before entering the protected room or the room to which the protected channel or underground belongs, the space behind the suspended ceiling, it is necessary to provide a light indication of the AUGP operating mode. 5.2.12. In the premises of gas fire extinguishing stations there should be a light signaling system that fixes: - the presence of voltage at the inputs of the working and backup power sources; - breakage of electric circuits of squibs or electromagnets; - pressure drop in incentive pipelines by 0.05 MPa and launch cylinders by 0.2 MPa with decoding in directions; - operation of AUGP with decoding in directions. 5.2.13. In the premises of the fire station or other premises with personnel on duty around the clock, light and sound alarms should be provided: - about the occurrence of a fire with decoding in directions; - about the operation of the AUGP, with a breakdown in directions and the receipt of the CRP in the protected premises; - about the disappearance of the voltage of the main power source; - about the malfunction of the AUGP with decoding in directions. 5.2.14. In AUGP, sound signals about a fire and the operation of the installation must differ in tone from signals about a malfunction. 5.2.15. In a room with personnel on duty around the clock, only light signaling should also be provided: - about the mode of operation of the AUGP; - about turning off the sound alarm about a fire; - about turning off the audible alarm about a malfunction; - about the presence of voltage on the main and backup power sources. 5.2.16. AUGP should refer to electricity consumers of the 1st category of power supply reliability in accordance with PUE-85. 5.2.17. In the absence of a backup input, it is allowed to use autonomous power sources that ensure the operability of the AUGP for at least 24 hours in standby mode and for at least 30 minutes in fire or malfunction mode. 5.2.18. The protection of electrical circuits must be carried out in accordance with PUE-85. The device of thermal and maximum protection in the control circuits is not allowed, the disconnection of which can lead to a failure in the supply of HOS to the protected premises. 5.2.19. Grounding and grounding of AUGP equipment must be carried out in accordance with PUE-85 and the requirements of the technical documentation for the equipment. 5.2.20. The choice of wires and cables, as well as the methods of their laying, should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of PUE-85, SNiP 3.05.06-85, SNiP 2.04.09-84 and in accordance with the technical characteristics of cable and wire products. 5.2.21. Placement of fire detectors inside the protected premises should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.09-84 or another regulatory document that replaces it. 5.2.22. Fire station premises or other premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty must comply with the requirements of section 4 of SNiP 2.04.09-84.

5.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED PREMISES

5.3.1. Premises equipped with AUGP must be equipped with signs in accordance with paragraphs. 5.2.11 and 5.2.12. 5.3.2. Volumes, areas, combustible load, availability and dimensions of open openings in the protected premises must comply with the design and must be controlled during commissioning of the AUGP. 5.3.3. Leakage of premises equipped with AUGP should not exceed the values ​​specified in clause 4.2. Measures should be taken to eliminate technologically unjustified openings, door closers, etc. should be installed. The premises, if necessary, should have pressure relief devices. 5.3.4. In the air duct systems of general ventilation, air heating and air conditioning of protected premises, air shutters or fire dampers should be provided. 5.3.5. To remove the GOS after the end of the work of the AUGP, it is necessary to use general ventilation of buildings, structures and premises. It is allowed to provide mobile ventilation units for this purpose.

5.4. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

5.4.1. Design, installation, commissioning, acceptance and operation of AUGP should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of safety measures set forth in: - "Rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels"; - "Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations"; - "Safety regulations for the operation of electrical installations of consumers of Gosenergonadzor"; - "Uniform safety rules for blasting (when used in installations of squibs"); - GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.3.046, GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.2. 005, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 12.1.005, GOST 27990, GOST 28130, PUE-85, NPB 51-96, NPB 54-96; - these Norms; - the current regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner in terms of AUGP. 5.4.2. Local start-up devices of installations must be fenced and sealed, with the exception of local start-up devices installed in the premises of a fire extinguishing station or fire posts. 5.4.3. Entering the protected premises after the release of the GOS into it and the elimination of the fire until the end of the ventilation is allowed only in insulating respiratory protective equipment. 5.4.4. Entry into the premises without insulating respiratory protection is allowed only after the removal of combustion products and decomposition of the GOS to a safe value.

ATTACHMENT 1
Mandatory

Method for calculating the parameters of AUGP when extinguishing by volumetric method

1. The mass of the gas fire extinguishing composition (Mg), which must be stored in the AUGP, is determined by the formula

M G \u003d Mp + Mtr + M 6 × n, (1)

Where Мр is the estimated mass of the GOS, intended for extinguishing a fire by volumetric method in the absence of artificial air ventilation in the room, is determined: for ozone-friendly freons and sulfur hexafluoride according to the formula

Mp \u003d K 1 × V P × r 1 × (1 + K 2) × C N / (100 - C N) (2)

For carbon dioxide according to the formula

Mp \u003d K 1 × V P × r 1 × (1 + K 2) × ln [ 100 / (100 - C H) ] , (3)

Where V P is the estimated volume of the protected premises, m 3. The calculated volume of the room includes its internal geometric volume, including the volume of a closed ventilation, air conditioning, and air heating system. The volume of equipment located in the room is not deducted from it, with the exception of the volume of solid (impermeable) building non-combustible elements (columns, beams, foundations, etc.); K 1 - coefficient taking into account the leakage of the gas fire extinguishing composition from the cylinders through leaks in the valves; K 2 - coefficient taking into account the loss of gas fire extinguishing composition through leaks in the room; r 1 - the density of the gas fire extinguishing composition, taking into account the height of the protected object relative to sea level, kg × m -3, is determined by the formula

r 1 \u003d r 0 × T 0 / T m × K 3, (4)

Where r 0 is the vapor density of the gas fire-extinguishing composition at a temperature T o = 293 K (20 ° C) and atmospheric pressure 0.1013 MPa; Tm - minimum operating temperature in the protected room, K; C N - normative volume concentration of GOS, % vol. The values ​​of standard fire extinguishing concentrations of GOS (C N) for various types of combustible materials are given in Appendix 2; K z - correction factor that takes into account the height of the object relative to sea level (see Table 2 of Appendix 4). The rest of the GOS in pipelines M MR, kg, is determined for AUGP, in which the openings of the nozzles are located above the distribution pipelines.

M tr = V tr × r GOS, (5)

Where V tr is the volume of AUGP pipelines from the nozzle closest to the installation to the final nozzles, m 3; r GOS is the density of the GOS residue at the pressure that is present in the pipeline after the estimated mass of the gas fire extinguishing composition has flowed into the protected room; M b × n is the product of the GOS residue in the battery (module) (M b) AUGP, which is accepted according to the TD for the product, kg, by the number (n) of batteries (modules) in the installation. In rooms in which significant fluctuations in volume (warehouses, storage facilities, garages, etc.) or temperature are possible during normal operation, it is necessary to use the maximum possible volume as the calculated volume, taking into account the minimum operating temperature of the room. Note. The normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration СН for combustible materials not listed in Appendix 2 is equal to the minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration multiplied by a safety factor of 1.2. The minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration is determined by the method set out in NPB 51-96. 1.1. The coefficients of equation (1) are determined as follows. 1.1.1. Coefficient taking into account leaks of the gas fire extinguishing composition from the vessels through leaks in the shutoff valves and the uneven distribution of the gas fire extinguishing composition over the volume of the protected room:

1.1.2. Coefficient taking into account the loss of gaseous fire extinguishing composition through leaks in the room:

K 2 \u003d 1.5 × F (Sn, g) × d × t POD ×, (6)

Where Ф (Сн, g) is a functional coefficient depending on the standard volumetric concentration of СН and the ratio of the molecular masses of air and gas fire extinguishing composition; g \u003d t V / t GOS, m 0.5 × s -1, - the ratio of the ratio of the molecular weights of air and GOS; d = S F H / V P - room leak parameter, m -1 ; S F H - total area of ​​leakage, m 2 ; H - the height of the room, m. The coefficient Ф (Сн, g) is determined by the formula

F(Sn, y) = (7)

Where \u003d 0.01 × C H / g is the relative mass concentration of GOS. The numerical values ​​of the coefficient Ф(Сн, g) are given in reference Appendix 5. GOS freons and sulfur hexafluoride; t POD £ 15 s for centralized AUGPs using freons and sulfur hexafluoride as GOS; t POD £ 60 s for AUGP using carbon dioxide as a GOS. 3. The mass of the gas fire extinguishing composition intended for extinguishing a fire in a room with forced ventilation in operation: for freons and sulfur hexafluoride

Mg \u003d K 1 × r 1 × (V p + Q × t POD) × [ C H / (100 - C H) ] (8)

For carbon dioxide

Mg \u003d K 1 × r 1 × (Q × t POD + V p) × ln [ 100/100 - C H) ] (9)

Where Q is the volume flow of air removed from the room by ventilation, m 3 × s -1. 4. Maximum overpressure when supplying gas compositions with room leaks:

< Мг /(t ПОД × j × ) (10)

Where j \u003d 42 kg × m -2 × C -1 × (% vol.) -0.5 is determined by the formula:

Pt \u003d [C N / (100 - C N)] × Ra or Pt \u003d Ra + D Pt, (11)

And with the leakage of the room:

³ Mg/(t POD × j × ) (12)

Determined by the formula

(13)

5. The release time of the GOS depends on the pressure in the cylinder, the type of GOS, the geometric dimensions of pipelines and nozzles. The release time is determined during the hydraulic calculations of the installation and should not exceed the value specified in paragraph 2. Appendix 1.

APPENDIX 2
Mandatory

Table 1

Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 125 (C 2 F 5 H) at t = 20 ° C and P = 0.1 MPa

	GOST, TU, OST
		volume, % vol.	Mass, kg × m -3
ethanol	GOST 18300-72
N-heptane	GOST 25823-83
vacuum oil
Cotton fabric	OST 84-73
PMMA
Organoplast TOPS-Z
Textolite B	GOST 2910-67
Rubber IRP-1118	TU 38-005924-73
Nylon fabric P-56P	TU 17-04-9-78
	OST 81-92-74

table 2

Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SP 6) at t = 20 °C and P = 0.1 MPa

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Regulatory fire extinguishing concentration Cn
		volume, % vol.	mass, kg × m -3
N-heptane
Acetone
transformer oil
PMMA	GOST 18300-72
ethanol	TU 38-005924-73
Rubber IRP-1118	OST 84-73
Cotton fabric	GOST 2910-67
Textolite B	OST 81-92-74
Cellulose (paper, wood)

Table 3

Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) at t = 20 ° C and P = 0.1 MPa

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Regulatory fire extinguishing concentration Cn
		volume, % vol.	Mass, kg × m -3
N-heptane
ethanol	GOST 18300-72
Acetone
Toluene
Kerosene
PMMA
Rubber IRP-1118	TU 38-005924-73
Cotton fabric	OST 84-73
Textolite B	GOST 2910-67
Cellulose (paper, wood)	OST 81-92-74

Table 4

Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 318C (C 4 F 8 C) at t \u003d 20 ° C and P \u003d 0.1 MPa

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Regulatory fire extinguishing concentration Cn
		volume, % vol.	mass, kg × m -3
N-heptane	GOST 25823-83
ethanol
Acetone
Kerosene
Toluene
PMMA
Rubber IRP-1118
Cellulose (paper, wood)
Getinax
Styrofoam

APPENDIX 3
Mandatory

General requirements for the installation of local fire extinguishing

1. Local fire extinguishing installations by volume are used to extinguish the fire of individual units or equipment in cases where the use of volumetric fire extinguishing installations is technically impossible or economically impractical. 2. The estimated volume of local fire extinguishing is determined by the product of the base area of ​​the protected unit or equipment by their height. In this case, all the calculated dimensions (length, width and height) of the unit or equipment must be increased by 1 m. 3. For local fire extinguishing by volume, carbon dioxide and freons should be used. 4. The normative mass fire extinguishing concentration during local extinguishing by volume with carbon dioxide is 6 kg/m 3 . 5. The time of filing the GOS during local extinguishing should not exceed 30 s.

Method for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for a low-pressure installation with carbon dioxide

1. The average (during the supply time) pressure in the isothermal tank p t, MPa, is determined by the formula

p t \u003d 0.5 × (p 1 + p 2), (1)

Where p 1 is the pressure in the tank during storage of carbon dioxide, MPa; p 2 - pressure in the tank at the end of the release of the calculated amount of carbon dioxide, MPa, is determined from fig. one.

Rice. 1. Graph for determining the pressure in an isothermal vessel at the end of the release of the calculated amount of carbon dioxide

2. The average consumption of carbon dioxide Q t, kg / s, is determined by the formula

Q t \u003d t / t, (2)

Where m is the mass of the main stock of carbon dioxide, kg; t - carbon dioxide supply time, s, is taken according to clause 2 of Appendix 1. 3. The internal diameter of the main pipeline d i , m, is determined by the formula

d i \u003d 9.6 × 10 -3 × (k 4 -2 × Q t × l 1) 0.19, (3)

Where k 4 is a multiplier, determined from the table. one; l 1 - the length of the main pipeline according to the project, m.

Table 1

4. Average pressure in the main pipeline at the point of its entry into the protected room

p z (p 4) \u003d 2 + 0.568 × 1p, (4)

Where l 2 is the equivalent length of pipelines from the isothermal tank to the point at which the pressure is determined, m:

l 2 \u003d l 1 + 69 × d i 1.25 × e 1, (5)

Where e 1 is the sum of the resistance coefficients of the fittings of pipelines. 5. Medium pressure

p t \u003d 0.5 × (p s + p 4), (6)

Where p z - pressure at the point of entry of the main pipeline into the protected premises, MPa; p 4 - pressure at the end of the main pipeline, MPa. 6. The average flow rate through the nozzles Q t, kg / s, is determined by the formula

Q ¢ t \u003d 4.1 × 10 -3 × m × k 5 × A 3 , (7)

Where m is the flow rate through the nozzles; a 3 - the area of ​​the nozzle outlet, m; k 5 - coefficient determined by the formula

k 5 \u003d 0.93 + 0.3 / (1.025 - 0.5 × p ¢ t) . (eight)

7. The number of nozzles is determined by the formula

x 1 \u003d Q t / Q ¢ t.

8. The inner diameter of the distribution pipeline (d ¢ i , m, is calculated from the condition

d ¢ I ³ 1.4 × d Ö x 1 , (9)

Where d is the nozzle outlet diameter. Note. The relative mass of carbon dioxide t 4 is determined by the formula t 4 \u003d (t 5 - t) / t 5, where t 5 is the initial mass of carbon dioxide, kg.

APPENDIX 5
Reference

Table 1

The main thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of freon 125 (C 2 F 5 H), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), carbon dioxide (CO 2) and freon 318C (C 4 F 8 C)

Name	unit of measurement
Molecular mass
Vapor density at Р = 1 atm and t = 20 °С
Boiling point at 0.1 MPa
Melting temperature
Critical temperature
critical pressure
Liquid density at P cr and t cr
Specific heat capacity of a liquid	kJ × kg -1 × °С -1
	kcal × kg -1 × °С -1
Specific heat capacity of gas at Р = 1 atm and t = 25 °С	kJ × kg -1 × °С -1
	kcal × kg -1 × °С -1
Latent heat of vaporization	kJ × kg
	kcal × kg
Gas thermal conductivity coefficient	W × m -1 × °С -1
	kcal × m -1 × s -1 × °С -1
Dynamic viscosity of gas	kg × m -1 × s -1
Relative dielectric constant at Р = 1 atm and t = 25 °С	e × (e air) -1
Partial vapor pressure at t = 20 °C
Breakdown voltage of HOS vapors relative to gaseous nitrogen	V × (V N2) -1

table 2

Correction factor taking into account the height of the protected object relative to sea level

Height, m	Correction factor K 3

Table 3

The values ​​of the functional coefficient Ф (Сн, g) for freon 318Ц (С 4 F 8 Ц)

		Volume concentration of freon 318C Cn, % vol.	Functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g)

Table 4

The value of the functional coefficient Ф (Сн, g) for freon 125 (С 2 F 5 Н)

Volume concentration of freon 125 Cn, % vol.		The volume concentration of freon is 125 Cn,% vol.	Functional coefficient (Сн, g)

Table 5

The values ​​of the functional coefficient Ф (Сн, g) for carbon dioxide (СО 2)

	Functional coefficient (Сн, g)	Volume concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) Cn, % vol.	Functional coefficient (Сн, g)

Table 6

The values ​​of the functional coefficient Ф (Сн, g) for sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6)

	Functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g)	Volume concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) Cn, % vol.	Functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g)

1 area of ​​use. 1 2. Regulatory references. 1 3. Definitions. 2 4. General requirements. 3 5. Designing augp.. 3 5.1. General provisions and requirements. 3 5.2. General requirements for systems of electrical control, control, signaling and power supply augp.. 6 5.3. Requirements for protected premises.. 8 5.4. Requirements for safety and environmental protection.. 8 Attachment 1 Method for calculating the parameters of AUGP when extinguishing by volumetric method.. 9 Annex 2 Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentrations. eleven Annex 3 General requirements for the installation of local fire extinguishing. 12 Appendix 4 Methodology for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for a low-pressure installation with carbon dioxide. 12 Appendix 5 Basic thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of freon 125, sulfur hexafluoride, carbon dioxide and freon 318C.. 13