Mini orchids - very popular specimens in flower shops. Such miniature beauties reach a height of only 15-20 centimeters. These are so charming that it is not possible to refrain from buying.
These delicate miniature flowers will be a great addition to your collection. However do not forget to study the features of caring for them.
Mini orchids are no less demanding of favorable conditions than orchid families:
- for a plant can be purchased at any specialized store, or you can easily do it yourself. The recipe for a homemade substrate consists of small pieces of bark, which must be thoroughly washed before planting and left for several days in water. Florists recommend adding dry moss to the substrate at low humidity in the room, which perfectly absorbs excess moisture;
- what about temperature- delicate mini orchids prefer 20-24 degrees. Low temperatures are fraught with the fact that the flowers will begin to fall off. Miniature plants are very afraid of wind and drafts, so you should carefully observe the temperature regime and remove flowers from the windowsill during the onset of frost;
- humidity it is recommended to maintain a sufficiently high, an adult plant grows well and develops at a humidity of 50-70%, while a young plant needs moisture even more;
- orchid mini does not receive excess light, bright sunlight is fraught with burns for leaves. An average level of lighting is preferred, the flower is best placed in a place that is not the brightest.
Landing and transplant
The process of how to transplant orchids can be divided into several stages:
- Choosing the Right Soil for a plant. Preference should be given to the soil substrate, which consists of large particles of moss and bark, which have a beneficial effect on the growth of mini orchids than ordinary earth;
- Capacity selection for and plants. For transplantation, it is worth choosing a container that is larger in size than the one in which the flower is currently growing. The roots should have plenty of room to grow and develop. But overdoing it is also dangerous, the size should correspond to the size of the flower, you should not take the container "for growth";
- Experts strongly recommend refrain from watering plants in the next 10 days after transplantation.
Step by step photo of an orchid transplant.
Experienced flower growers recommend replanting a healthy plant only if the flower pot has become small, or after 2-3 years, when the bark begins to decompose, the roots receive insufficient oxygen, which leads to the death of the mini orchid.
With a continuous transplant of an orchid, it should be treated with special care, the main task is not to damage the roots of the plant.
Orchids Mini: home care
Watering
Features of how to water a plant depend on several factors: temperature and planting method. The process itself has its own specifics. It is recommended to use only a watering can, gradually moving it over the surface of the soil.
As soon as water begins to flow into the pan, it means that you can stop. The amount of water should not change.
top dressing
Orchids mini need extra throughout the year once every half a month. Special ones can be purchased at the nearest flower shop.
Orchids can only be fed with special fertilizers.
IMPORTANT! Do not forget that an overabundance of fertilizers can harm the plant.
Lighting
Like almost any kind, mini orchids need additional lighting in the autumn-winter period when daylight hours are greatly reduced. Flower growers use for supplementary lighting fluorescent lamps.
During flowering
orchids going on several times a year. After opening the buds, it is necessary to provide them with a reliable support in order to reduce the load on the stem.
During the period, in order not to stress the plant, sudden changes in temperature, changes in light levels, humidity levels and irrigation systems should be avoided.
After flowering
Orchid care is completely aimed at ensuring that the plant pleases its own more than once. dried peduncle. After the cut, the resulting hole is hollow.
The peduncle dried after flowering is cut off.
IMPORTANT! It must be ensured that water does not get inside. Some gardeners recommend using beeswax for this purpose.
reproduction
It is best done in the spring and summer, when the plant begins to come out of dormancy.
When propagating, one should be especially careful with the roots of the plant; in a mini orchid, they are very fragile. Qualitative reproduction is possible only in healthy species.
babes
Mini orchids propagate in a vegetative way. The most painless and effective way is reproduction by children. Lateral shoots, the so-called, are new plants.
Children are formed only at a high temperature, which should be at least 25 degrees. In fertilizers, preference should be given to those species that contain a sufficient amount of nitrogen.
When a baby appears on a plant, special attention should be paid to it.
During active growth, shoots need special moisture. When the baby takes root, it should be from the mother plant and planted in a separate container. After about a year, the baby turns into a full-fledged plant.
cuttings
There are still a considerable number of propagation methods: cuttings, seeds, division, and so on. However, they are more complex.
In the case of reproduction are also taken side shoots, the length of which is 15 centimeters, old elongated stems are also suitable. The stalk is planted in a pot cut down. In the matter of care, the stalk requires no less attention than an adult full-fledged flower.
seeds
The most difficult and most time-consuming– . In artificial conditions, creating favorable conditions is not an easy task, you need to prepare a special nutrient medium.
Approximately 9 months are spent on seed germination, a full-fledged plant can be considered after 2-3 years. Conditions for favorable growth are soil moisture and a temperature equal to 22-25 degrees.
Propagation by seeds is the most difficult way.
division
Division - a method that suits almost all indoor flowers.
IMPORTANT! For favorable reproduction, the plant must be large and have at least 4 pseudobulbs.
The plant must be removed from the pot without damaging the roots, they must be cut so that there are at least 3 false bulbs on each half. A smaller plant should not be divided, as it will take too long to grow. Most often, this method is resorted to during plant transplantation.
How to care after shopping in the store?
Experienced flower growers recommend after a new resident has appeared in the house, get it transplanted right away., as well as to choose the optimal conditions for a favorable life.
Choose the optimal temperature, lighting and provide the desired humidity. Most often, orchids are sold during the flowering period, so there must be an appropriate one behind them.
Many experts advise orchids in transparent containers, because this increases the flow of natural light to the roots, which has a rather beneficial effect on the growth and development of the orchid.
However, in this case, special attention must be paid to watering, because this procedure is significantly different.
Experts do not recommend leaving water in transparent vases. excess moisture will cause root rot.
The watering system is as follows: the plant is given 20-30 minutes to absorb the right amount of moisture and the remaining water is removed from the vase.
Growing problems
The plant can dry even with regular watering, if other components of proper care are not followed. It is recommended to water the orchid in the morning and as recommended. Dry air and bright sun are detrimental to a flower, even with proper watering.
Most often, flowering stops due to natural processes, or maybe due to adverse conditions. These conditions include:
- prolonged drought;
- regular excess of moisture;
- lack of the required amount of light.
In any of the cases, in order to resume flowering, the orchid must not be left unattended, and it is recommended that all mistakes made be eliminated immediately.
Diseases and pests
Orchids mini — quite sensitive plants who react seriously to and various infections. Most often it develops due to improper care. Experts recommend treating leaves and flowers with a specific chemical composition.
Orchids are often attacked by diseases and pests.
resuscitation
orchids possible in two ways: outdoors and in the greenhouse. The choice of method depends on how damaged the roots are. If all the roots have rotted, then it is preferable to use the greenhouse method. In the event that whole roots remain, then it is better to choose the first option. The process can take one month or one year, depending on the extent of the problem.
In order to avoid such consequences, the causes should be eliminated at the time of their occurrence:
- With an excess of water or lighting, the plant may experience yellowness on the leaves.
- Too high temperatures and low humidity can cause flowers to drop early.
- Leaf rot is a sign of improper care.
- When the roots lack moisture, they shrivel and darken. In contact with
- Reproduction by children - they are formed on the color shoots and stems of the plant. Some phalaenopsis have a growing peduncle, the dormant buds of which can become both a flower and a baby. Such a baby can form even in the winter, therefore we cut out the flower stalks not completely, but only partially. We wrap the ripe baby in sphagnum, dry it a little, spray the spine. The roots of a centimeter have grown by 3 - 5 - we transplant into a pot. The process is not easy, and children do not appear often. You can cut off the peduncle and place it in water, adding the fertilizer necessary for the growth of the roots. Then put it in the sun and then, as experienced flower growers say, the buds will definitely wake up and babies will form on them. You can take an adult plant with a formed root system and a 4-leaf rosette, which rested for about two months after flowering, cut it to its upper “sleeping” bud fresh peduncle (not older than one and a half years) and put on the window somewhere in mid-February. Water infrequently or not at all for a couple of weeks. This technique, as it were, stimulates and awakens the flower bud, and by mid-June, babies should appear on it. After the baby has the 4th leaf and, without waiting for the roots to germinate, carefully separate the baby from the peduncle. It is in phalaenopsis that the growth of roots in a baby may not occur at all - it grows, feeding on the juices of the mother bush.
- Reproduction by cuttings or peduncle - after flowering, cut off the stem at the very base, cut into 3-4 cm with a dormant bud in the center. Sprinkle slices with charcoal or activated charcoal. We place the cuttings on moistened moss and at temperatures up to 28 ° C they successfully germinate.
- Reproduction by roots - we plant regrown young roots in a new place, reaching a length of 5 cm.
- Reproduction by dividing an adult plant - in a phalaenopsis with a large rosette of 6 - 8 leaves, with a clean and sharp knife (you can use a garden pruner), cut off the top with 4 or 5 leaves and air roots and plant it in a separate container. Powder the slices, which contributes to the best rooting. Lateral buds appear on the mother plant after a few months, which can also be divided.
- Propagation by seeds is a method of industrial propagation in vitro (in vitro) - directly by seed or in a sterile nutrient medium on pieces of tissue treated with special stimulants. Industrial cultivation of orchids provides for their use only as a decorative temporary decoration of interiors. Therefore, the main burden for its cultivation falls on the shoulders of amateur flower growers.
- Bacterial spots. The old leaves of mini orchids are affected, which acquire a dark yellow hue. It is treated by removing the diseased leaf. Sections are treated with bactericidal preparations and coal.
- Root atrophy. Leads to the inability of the root system to feed the plant. The reason is the wrong soil and care for the mini. It is treated by dividing the bush and fertilizers.
- Putrid disease. The reason is improper watering, poor-quality soil for mini, incorrectly selected humidity mode. It is treated with a complex of transplantation, cutting off the affected sections and changing the humidity regime.
- A plant in the bark must be transplanted immediately after purchase, without waiting for the moment when it fades. Transplantation is done in a clean bark. This method is suitable for beginner flower growers who know little about caring for a flower growing in moss.
- If you bought a plant in moss, then you need to leave it there, giving it proper care.
- A flower growing in moss is transplanted no more than once a year. This procedure is carried out in the spring, during the growing season (the formation of new leaves) and until the formation of the peduncle.
- You can remove the remnants of moss and not damage the root system of the orchid by lowering this part of the plant into the water for a few minutes. After the substrate absorbs moisture, it is easily separated from the roots.
- For transplanting a mini orchid into a pot with bark, it is recommended to use fine-grained planting material - no more than one centimeter in size.
- Mini phalaenopsis likes to grow in tight quarters. Therefore, for transplantation, it is recommended to take a container not much larger in diameter than the previous one. It is important to ensure good air permeability of the substrate. You can use a well-washed and dried flowerpot.
- Compactness. The miniature flower is easily placed in any corner of the room where it is impossible to place large plants.
- Lack of care. Phalaenopsis micro is an unpretentious flower that grows well at home. Therefore, even a beginner will be able to take care of him, having previously familiarized himself with the features of the content.
- Decorative. Long flowering and bright buds allow you to decorate any interior, bring joyful notes to it. If you plant several tiny plants in one container, you get an amazing mini-garden.
- Low cost flower. Unlike standard orchids, miniature specimens can be purchased at lower prices.
- A special substrate is placed in a flowerpot and moistened well with warm water. It should take up only 1/3 of the volume of the pot, because. its main part will be occupied by the root system.
- The plant is taken out of the old pot and carefully shake off the remains of the substrate from the roots.
- Remove dead and rotted roots. Slices are sprinkled with crushed coal.
- The plant is placed in a flowerpot larger than the previous one. In this case, the base of the lowest sheets should be 1.5 cm below its edge.
- The substrate is evenly distributed around the plant. It is added until the root system is completely covered.
- Warm water is poured into a pot, avoiding liquid getting on the growth point. The water that has collected in the pan after watering must be drained.
- On hot days, watering can be done with small pieces of ice placed on the surface of the moss. Moisture, which is formed during the melting of ice, gradually seeps into the soil. In order for the roots of miniature flowers to receive the necessary amount of moisture and at the same time not be affected by a fungal infection, the substrate must always remain slightly moist.
- Immersion of a flowerpot with a flower in a container with warm water allows you to provide the plant with the necessary amount of moisture. Leave mini phalaenopsis in water for 20-30 minutes.
- 1-2 times a month, the plant is bathed under hot water, the temperature of which should not exceed 40 ° C. After this procedure, it is necessary to carefully wipe the leaves at the base to prevent their decay.
Phalaenopsis orchid - exquisite and beautiful
Orchid Phalaenopsis - “moth-like” (translated from Greek phalania - “night butterfly”, opsis - “similarity”) or simply “orchid - butterfly”. Phalaenopsis - a hybrid, the most suitable type of orchid for home floriculture, has many varieties and species.
Description of the phalaenopsis orchid
Phalaenopsis blooms with large and spectacular flowers, the shape of which is diverse, the color coloring is many-sided. Numerous flowers are arranged on a beautifully curved stem, some varieties bloom up to 3 times a year. White and yellow, red and purple, pink and striped, speckled and mixed, the orchid blooms for a long 3 to 4 months.
It happens to be miniature, only up to 30 cm tall, and standard, its height sometimes reaches 1 meter. It has an apical point of growth throughout the entire period of life, therefore it grows only upwards.
The rosette is represented by densely planted wide leathery, but juicy paired leaves.
Phalaenopsis aerial roots and flower stalks grow from deciduous sinuses, which sometimes leads to damage to the base of the deciduous rosette. And this is its only drawback.
Growing Phalaenopsis Orchids
The natural habitat of phalaenopsis is the tropics, the climate is humid and warm. An orchid grows on the trunks and branches of trees (an epiphytic plant), in the crevices of rocks under the scattering rays of the sun.
At home, he will be comfortable in a transparent container, as the roots of the orchid must receive enough light for photosynthesis.
This is also convenient for us - because thanks to this we can control both soil moisture and the state of the plant's root system.
We also need to choose a place that is sunny and light enough for the orchid.
For this, window sills of eastern and western windows are best suited - so the sun will not burn the leaves of the plant, but will only favorably influence its development.
From direct and burning sunlight, the flower must be covered so that it does not get burned. In winter, the orchid needs lighting for at least 12 hours a day..
Phalaenopsis orchid care
The main care of the plant is to provide it with a comfortable growth regime. Humidity should be about 40 - 70% (more for some species, less for others).
Ordinary building expanded clay will help us create such conditions.
We pour it into a flower tray or arrange a common trench and put several pots of orchids there at once (which is very important today in interior design) and strongly moisten.
The temperature of the space surrounding the plant should be almost constant and range from 22 to 25 ° C during the day, at night - a little lower, by 5 - 10 degrees. Phalaenopsis does not have a period of complete dormancy as such, therefore the whole year it is cared for almost unchanged.
Watering is regular, but moderate (water at room temperature is purified or settled), the substrate is moist, but not wet, top dressing is on average once every two weeks (mainly during the active period of growth and flowering).
And in autumn we reduce the temperature to 16 - 18 ° C for better formation of color buds.
Phalaenopsis is planted and transplanted (after flowering) up to twice a year into a special coarse, but loose, mixture - into 3 parts of pine bark (we break it into large pieces), one part of sphagnum, expanded clay (perlite) and charcoal. We do not damage the roots, we increase the space for them, that is, we take a pot larger than the previous one.
Pruning of faded branches is performed above the second or third “sleeping” bud of the plant, which can subsequently wake up and bloom again, thereby extending its flowering period. The pruning tool must be sharp and clean (up to alcohol treatment). We do not touch the lower leaves, they themselves wither and fall off.
It must be remembered that the rosette of leaves is often damaged by growing roots. And if moisture gets on these torn wounds of the outlet, then the plant may rot. Our task is to prevent such a development of events.
Therefore, we will water the orchid and spray it carefully and carefully, trying not to get on the wounds and inflorescences.
The best watering method for phalaenopsis is the full immersion method - put the flower pot in any container, fill it to the bottom leaves and leave for 5 - 10 minutes. Then we drain the water and put the plant in the pan.
When spraying, drip moistening of the leaves should not be allowed, you can only pollinate the plant with water dust. Therefore, it is easier and probably more correct to spray the space directly around the orchid.
With proper care, the orchid is unpretentious, blooms profusely and lives long enough.
Phalaenopsis orchid propagation
The Phalaenopsis orchid reproduces in many ways.
In the natural environment, phalaenopsis reproduces only by seeds and new shoots. Therefore, the reproduction of phalaenopsis at home is reproduction by children and cuttings. Sometimes - by dividing the bush.
Growing a phalaenopsis orchid is a rather difficult task and not acceptable to everyone. Therefore, even a simple photo of this beauty will give the interior tenderness, airiness and beauty.
Source: http://www.razmnojenie.ru/botanika/komnatnye-rasteniya/orhideya-falenopsis.html
Reproduction of phalaenopsis - important points. Reproduction of orchids at home - how to surround the plant with slaughter and care? flower beds
Phalaenopsis reproduce by "children" that appear on the stems of flowers; the roots of the children are wrapped in wet sphagnum, while leaving the opportunity to dry well - and then spraying a little. When the roots of young faliks grow more than 3-4 cm, they can be planted.
Reproduction of phalaenopsis
Reproduction of phalaenopsis by children is an accessible process in principle, but it can last quite a long time, about 5-6 months.
Most often, phalaenopsis reproduces by children, which are formed on the arrow of an orchid after flowering. Of course, if there is no desire to propagate the plant, then it is better to remove small children, as they inhibit the development of the mother plant, and flowering is postponed indefinitely.
The baby should form and grow 2 pairs of leaves, in addition, aerial roots should also form on it. Only then is the baby ready to separate from the mother bush. And yet she needs some care, this is primarily high humidity, which can be achieved with a mini greenhouse.
A cut plastic transparent bottle is also suitable, but without a cap. The temperature should be at rooting + 22-25 degrees, there should be enough light, but protect the plant from direct sunlight, otherwise the orchid will “burn out” and may simply die.
We use the substrate necessarily in small fractions, and in no case do not overmoisten, although it requires high humidity.
Of course, you can try to separate the baby at an earlier age, without air roots formed, but only then use epin, heteroauxin or other stimulant preparations. Just wrap the place where the root buds are laid with sphagnum moss-moistened in the stimulant preparation and plant in a greenhouse. Care like an adult orchid.
Sometimes it happens that a plant that has lived for quite a long time does not give children, then you can stimulate their formation.
We wrap visible dormant buds on the peduncle with wet moss, or even just a cotton swab, and wrap it with polyethylene until young leaves appear.
Then we remove the film, and leave the moss and constantly moisten it until air roots form. At the same time, do not forget that the plant needs high temperature and humidity.
Diseases and pests
When the roots of young phalaenopsis grow more than 3-4 cm, they can be planted.
Phalaenopsis diseases, like all plants, are associated with care errors. For phalaenopsis, this is, first of all, excessive humidity, especially at low temperatures. In this case, the plant is affected by rot. It is necessary to remove all parts of the plant affected by rot, transplant it into a new substrate and do not flood the plant.
If watering is insufficient, the leaves may dry out, and the likelihood of plant damage by pests also increases, especially during the hot period. Most often it is a scale insect, aphid, etc.
The shield aphid, or shield aphid, got its name from the waxy shield that covers the body of an adult pest. At first, at a young age, the scale insect is hardly noticeable, but it multiplies rapidly, covering the stems and leaves with dark spots.
Adults are motionless and sit under shields, from under which larvae crawl out and spread throughout the plant. At this time, they are destroyed by spraying with a soap and tobacco solution, to which you can add a little kerosene or denatured alcohol.
Adult pests, along with shields, are removed with a damp swab, but you still need to treat the entire plant with an insecticide or soapy solution to remove the larvae.
Aphids - a small insect can be green, gray or black in color. Settles on the underside of the leaf and feeds on plant sap, which leads to drying and folding of the leaves. Reproduces quickly. It is destroyed by ready-made preparations that are sold in stores or solutions of nicotine - sulfate in water with soap in a ratio of 1 g. nicotine - sulfate per 1 liter of soapy water.
After processing, the plants should be washed well in a day, covering the soil with polyethylene. If necessary, the processing is repeated.
The temperature feels comfortable during the day from +22 to +30C, at night not lower than +16 IMPORTANT: Drafts and excessive heat are dangerous
USEFUL: Colder temperature promotes flowering, hotter - to the appearance of a baby on a peduncle
Light Orchids love bright lighting, and if there is no sun, you can use artificial (fluorescent lamps).
IMPORTANT: do not put Phalaenopsis in direct sunlight (burns are possible)
Watering Phalaenopsis should be watered with filtered, boiled or settled water, abundantly (by immersion), but rarely (every 4 days in summer, 7 times in winter).
Wait for the water to drain, remember that overfilling is much worse than underfilling, and if you are in doubt about watering today or tomorrow, water it better tomorrow.
If between waterings it feels that the sphagnum is wet inside, and starts to dry up at the top, just spray.
IMPORTANT: Irrigation water should not enter the growing point (leaf growth center) to avoid rotting.
Top dressing It is important to know that during flowering and not flowering, phalaenopsis fertilize in different ways, and when choosing a fertilizer, see the formula on the back, if there is less phosphorus than nitrogen, then this fertilizer is suitable for regular top dressing during the growth period, for the flowering period (during the formation of the peduncle ), fertilizers with a high content of phosphorus are desirable.
USEFUL: fertilize every two or three waterings, thereby not spoiling your favorite flowers
Flowering: No need to panic when, after 2 months of admiring Phalaenopsis flowers, they suddenly fell off - Faliki bloom once or twice a year and flowering can last from a month to four, be patient - holte and cherish and he will thank you!
IMPORTANT: If the peduncle remains after the flowering period - do not rush to cut it off - if the apex has turned yellow, cut off 1 cm after yellowing and cauterize (with alcohol), if the peduncle has completely turned yellow, cut off (1 cm from the beginning), but if the peduncle does not turn yellow further - this indicates the fact that the orchid has other plans for it: whether it is a further branching of the peduncle, another flowering, or even better, a baby. Falenopsis breeding babies:
Phalaenopsis reproduce by "children" that appear on the stems of flowers; the roots of the children are wrapped in wet sphagnum, while leaving the opportunity to dry well - and then spraying a little.
When the roots of young faliks grow more than 3-4 cm, they can be planted.
Many people believe that orchids can only grow in greenhouses, and their cultivation is the lot of professional flower growers.
This opinion is erroneous: some types of these flowers can exist as indoor plants and an example of this is phalaenopsis. These are evergreen plants that bloom most of the year. They are unpretentious and caring for them is quite affordable even for beginner flower lovers.
These plants came to us from the Philippine Islands. Now they are exported to Europe from Southeast Asian countries.
Flowers of different varieties of phalaenopsis may have a different pattern and color: white, red, pink, lilac, brown and others. The flower is slightly flattened and has a curved peduncle.
The diameter of the cup is small - about five centimeters. Against the background of the petals, a lip stands out beautifully, the color of which can be contrasting.
The flowers of this orchid are sometimes compared to butterflies, as they really resemble these insects.
In an apartment, you can breed different types of phalaenopsis: hybrid, which blooms profusely most of the year, pink, having one peduncle, on which flowers open one after another, Luddemann's phalaenopsis and others.
These orchids are loved by flower growers for the beauty and originality of flowers, long flowering period and undemanding care. Phalaenopsis flower pleases its owner for up to three weeks. In addition, these plants are distinguished by an exquisite smell and durability in the cut.
Care. Despite the unpretentiousness of butterfly orchids, their care contains a number of features.
Phalaenopsis do not like direct sunlight - even electric lighting will suit them. Window tulle can protect the plant from sunlight. In the light, the flower should be at least half a day.
These plants are quite thermophilic: a comfortable temperature for them is 18-20 degrees, so it is better not to keep them on the windowsill in the frosty season. There should be no sudden temperature changes in the room.
Winged phalaenopsis - care features.
Phalaenopsis are often referred to as "butterfly orchids" because their charming flowers of various shapes, sizes, patterns and colors - white, yellow, pink, red, purple, brown and green - resemble tropical moths. The graceful, often contrasting in color lip of the flower effectively stands out against the background of patterned (striped, reticulated, brindle, speckled) or even coloring of flower petals, reaching 8 cm in diameter.
The phalaenopsis orchid has now gained wide popularity among flower growers. This orchid belongs to the group of indoor orchids, the cultivation of which is within the power of a novice lover - a florist. This flower has one indisputable advantage: an adult, well-developed plant can bloom almost all year round, it has a very short dormant period.
Usually, orchids have a special organ for the accumulation of water and nutrients - pseudobulbs, phalaenopsis does not have a pseudobulb, it is an epiphyte, i.e. a plant that has no connection with the soil, which settles on the trunk and branches of other plants, using them as a support. Epiphytes feed on mineral substances, which are obtained from the moisture of precipitation, dust, and decomposed bark.
Epiphytes have aerial roots that serve both to obtain nutrients and as a support for flowers. Part of the phalaenopsis roots, those that are in the light, are colored green, since, along with the leaves, they participate in the process of photosynthesis.
Phalaenopsis leaves are dense, green, collected in a rosette. Flowers of various colors - flat up to 5 cm in diameter. The phalaenopsis peduncle is curved, multi-flowered inflorescences are formed on it.
The original varieties of phalaenopsis are quite large plants (up to 1 meter), but miniature species are more popular with flower growers.
Large plants include Dendrobium phalaenopsis (Dendrobium phalaenopsis), which has numerous hybrids. A plant with large flowers and leaves. Like all phalaenopsis, it blooms for a long time.
The temperature regime for phalaenopsis should be even in winter and summer. The best temperature is +25 degrees.
In winter, it is desirable that the temperature does not fall below +20 degrees (although phalaenopsis can withstand a short-term drop in temperature).
This type of orchid has one feature: phalaenopsis gives flowering only if it is provided with a difference between day and night temperatures of +5 degrees. Only in this case, he lays new flower buds.
The phalaenopsis peduncle continues to grow as the flowers fade and if you cut off the part of the peduncle where flowering ended, then new flowers will appear on the remaining part, which increases the flowering period.
Phalaenopsis requires bright diffused light. Phalaenopsis care is understood as providing it with 10-15 hours of bright lighting, so in winter the plant needs lighting.
Like any other orchid, phalaenopsis is very sensitive to air humidity, which should be high. The leaves should be sprayed once a day, but there should not be drops on the leaves, the spray is the smallest, like fog. It is advisable to put the pot on a tray with pebbles, in which water is poured. This will create the necessary moisture for the phalaenopsis.
Please note - the pot is placed on a pebble so that it does not touch the water, otherwise the roots will rot.
When watering, there is one more feature: you can’t pour water on the growth point at the base of the outlet, so you need to water it carefully, into the edge of the pot, but it’s better to water it by immersing the pot in a container of water so that water enters the substrate through the holes in the pot.
The substrate for phalaenopsis must be breathable.
It is made up of pieces of bark, moss, you can add pieces of foam, which, by the way, is good to use as drainage for other plants instead of broken brick or expanded clay.
This whole mixture should be slightly damp, but not wet. Especially carefully it is necessary to water the plant in winter at low temperatures due to the high probability of root rot. Only soft settled water is suitable for irrigation.
It is natural for phalaenopsis when the roots grow into the holes in the pot and form above the soil. This does not mean that a Phalaenopsis transplant is needed. The upper roots can be slightly covered with a substrate, for which, when planting in the upper part of the pot, you must leave free space (the soil should not fill the pot to the top).
Phalaenopsis transplantation is carried out only if stunting is noticed and the pot is clearly small. By the way, it is better to take a plastic pot, because. in such a pot, holes can also be drilled on the side of the pot, which will create additional conditions for air to penetrate to the roots and eliminate moisture stagnation.
Even for phalaenopsis, care means the absence of drafts, although fresh air is necessary for this plant.
phalaenopsis orchid home care, orchid breeding at home, phalaenopsis breeding
Source: http://mydiz.biz/flowerbeds/472
Reproduction of the Phalaenopsis orchid at home
Orchid Phalaenopsis is an amazingly beautiful flower. For those who decide to start breeding plants at home, this article will be useful.
Orchids are an expensive plant, and not every owner of a home green corner can afford to buy a few more copies for the collection. If you want to have a lot of orchids in your greenhouse, you do not need to spend money on acquiring new plants. It is enough to have just one to start experiments on the propagation of the Phalaenopsis orchid.
Reproduction at home
If conditions close to native natural are created, the Phalaenopsis orchid often gives offspring, as well as blooms. In a room environment, an unpretentious orchid becomes capricious and demanding.
She constantly hibernates, stops growing, stops blooming. Experienced growers have learned how to stimulate the growth and development of a flower in many ways.
For example, to bring her out of her slumber, they change the climatic conditions, reduce watering, or use hormonal drugs for stimulation.
Having decided to start breeding, it will not be superfluous to know some secrets of orchid propagation. With the wrong actions, it can be destroyed and destroyed. You can not use hormonal drugs if the flower is sick.
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Methods and features of reproduction
There are many ways to propagate orchids. Being in an environment comfortable for growth and development, the orchid periodically gives birth to children on its own and without any stimulation.
If this does not happen for a long time, or if you want to quickly acquire another plant of this species, you can use certain manipulations to force the flower to multiply.
Children will appear as a result of the division of an adult plant. This method is considered the easiest. You can provoke an orchid to start offspring by changing the temperature of the content and reducing watering with top dressing. You can resort to artificial stimulation with a special paste. This method is considered, although effective, but one of the most difficult. It requires experience.
The plant is propagated by dividing the peduncle. But in this case, you will have to sacrifice the upcoming beautiful flowering of the orchid. After all, the peduncle is cut off and divided into cuttings.
Finally, the orchid can be propagated using seeds. This method at home is not always effective and requires sterile conditions. Let's look at each method in detail.
Reproduction by children
Simplest method - reproduction of Phalaenopsis orchids by children. But it is possible only if the plant released them from dormant buds. Children can appear both on the stem and on the arrow of the peduncle.
If the orchid has shoots, you should not rush to disconnect them from the mother stem. Let the kids get stronger and gain strength, grow up and take root. If the children started growing at the base of the orchid (near the root), then the grower will have to patiently wait until the root system gets stronger.
In those cases when the orchid gave the baby on the run, you need to figure out how to strengthen the arrow so that it does not break under the weight of the young orchid. When the baby starts up the first roots, growers are advised to start preparing for further rooting in the ground.
With the help of improvised structures, a small pot of soil is suspended from the new plant. It can be moss or well-chopped pine sawdust. The roots as they grow will cling to the ground and take root.
When they have grown by 3-4 cm and sank deep into the pot, you can disconnect the baby from the mother's shoot. Important: a young plant must have at least three root shoots.
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division
The method by dividing an adult orchid with a large number of ripened roots is also considered one of the simplest. The plant is divided into two parts, cutting off the top with a knife slightly at an angle so that both parts have their roots and leaves. The cut point must be processed.
The top with its root system is transplanted into the ground, and it continues to grow already as an independent plant. The lower part is left in the old pot. It is she who, after a while, from the sinuses will sprout with children.
As soon as the new generation of orchids appears and grows up to 5 cm roots, it will be possible to detach them and root them in new pots.
Breeding with the help of climate change
By changing the climatic conditions, the orchid can also be stimulated to reproduce.
Flower growers are advised to place the flower during the day in a warm room (25-28 degrees), and at night transfer it to a place where the air temperature is about 17 degrees.
For this method to work, the orchid should stop watering for about half a month. An increase in air temperature will provoke the appearance of buds instead of flowers and their heating, which will contribute to swelling. After 10 days, the first leaf of the baby will appear from the swollen bud. Now watering is restored.
Reproduction by cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is a method worth trying at home. A shoot released from the side is detached from an adult plant and cut into cuttings, each of which should be about 10-12 cm. It is important that they have a pair of buds. Another important point: the lower the kidney was on the shoot, the stronger it is, which means there is more chance to raise a baby.
Prepare the soil from sand or sphagnum, moisten it well. Put the cuttings on the soil and cover with polyethylene. It is necessary to create greenhouse conditions for them. This will speed up the rooting process and promote the growth of the young plant.
Propagation of the Phalaenopsis orchid with a peduncle (cuttings) is a rather laborious method. It is important to create the right conditions in the greenhouse. Although, as practice suggests, only a couple of cuttings with strong buds can release leaves.
Artificial stimulation with paste
Finally, you can force an orchid to release babies using a special paste with growth hormones, which is sold in specialized stores.
You will need the following materials for manipulation: a blade, a thin wooden skewer (an ordinary toothpick will do), hormone paste and tweezers. It is best to process the topmost kidney on the shoot.
A neat incision is made with a blade on it and the covering scales are removed. Then remove the scale with tweezers. A bright green dot will immediately appear. This dormant kidney.
Carefully, so as not to injure, apply paste on it with a skewer.
After 3-4 days, the procedure should be repeated. The plant is placed in a warm room with a temperature of at least 30 degrees. After a while, instead of a bud, a baby will come out. Attention: there can be no more than five treatments of one bud on one peduncle.
Reproduction by seeds
The method of propagating orchids by seeds at home is considered the most difficult and almost impossible. The seeds of the plant do not have a nutritional base, which in natural habitats is provided by the mycorrhiza fungus and root sponges.
In order for the seeds to sprout, you must first create a full-fledged natural habitat under artificial conditions. If this can be organized, the seeds will germinate in about 4 months, sometimes you have to wait a little less than a year for a sprout.
It is important to use a sterile container during propagation by seeds. The appearance of mold fungi is detrimental to seeds. If the seed still germinated, it's too early to rejoice.
It will take years (about 3 years) until a young orchid grows out of it, which can be planted in a personal pot. And after planting, the flower grower should wait for about a couple of years for flowering.
secrets
Breeding a Phalaenopsis orchid at home is easy if you know the subtleties. Before trying each method in practice, you should inspect your pet. You can not start breeding a plant if it is sick or looks unhealthy, languishes for no reason, or is damaged.
Also, a poorly fertilized orchid from a deficiency of nutrients may not tolerate various manipulations that stimulate reproduction.
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The decorative beauty of the orchid family would not be complete if mini orchids were not added to some of the huge representatives and lush flowering varieties.
These flowers have gained popularity recently. Among them, the Phalaenopsis mini orchid is very prominent. In this article, we will discuss the Phalaenopsis mini variety and the features of caring for these beautiful representatives of the orchid family.
Important! Mini orchids are different from small-flowered ones. First of all, the fact that small-flowered varieties grow to large sizes.
general information
The height of these miniature beauties is no more than 15-20 centimeters, containers for them are also selected according to size. These are monopodial plants with a short stem, leaves are wide and leathery. Grow only vertically upwards. Aerial roots may also appear, which, like flower stalks, grow from the axils of the leaves. Flowers, like all Phalaenopsis, resemble a butterfly.
Manifold
The east and west sides of greenhouses and rooms are best suited for these little beauties. If the dwarf orchid is located differently, then they create shading or diffused lighting.
The temperature regime is very important for Phalaenopsis dwarf orchids. The temperature all year round must be maintained in the range from 17 to 29 degrees. High and low temperatures harm the flower and lead to serious diseases, such as rotting and atrophy of the roots, loss of the ability of the leaves to photosynthesize.
Important! For stable growth and good development, daily temperature differences are created. The difference between night and daytime indicators should be from 5 to 8 degrees in summer and 3-4 degrees in winter.
Watering and humidity
Phalaenopsis mini does not tolerate low and high humidity, as they lead to death, therefore, the constant humidity should be approximately 60%.
Important! Dry air will not allow the flower to bloom, and too humid air will create conditions for decay.
Watering this orchid variety depends on how quickly the substrate dries out, which must have good drainage properties. Also, it depends on how big its volume is. Usually, watering once every 5-7 days will be sufficient.
There are several additional irrigation options:
Bathing in the shower. Many growers claim that this is the best way to care for mini orchids. The water temperature should not be higher than 40 degrees, while the water should not be hard. Bathing is carried out for 10-15 minutes. After the procedure is completed, excess water is allowed to drain and the remaining water is wiped off in the axils of the leaves to avoid rotting.
Mini Phalaenopsis do not tolerate stagnant air, so the place where the orchid is placed should be well ventilated.
Important! Drafts are still avoided.
Transfer
Healthy mini orchid roots
It is carried out once every 2 years in the event that there is no more space in the old bowl and aerial roots have begun to appear.
Important! Transplantation can only be carried out during the dormant period.
The flower is carefully pulled out of the pot, the roots are cleaned of the old substrate, and the dried ones are cut off. Watering after transplantation is carried out in a week. It is also worth changing the temperature regime and the lighting regime in the direction of decrease.
Diseases
Fungal diseases. The leaves turn yellow in spots, and tubercles are also formed. Treated with antifungal solutions. The reason is improper care.
In this article, we talked about what a Phalaenopsis mini orchid is and how to care for these orchids.
Orchid is a frequent inhabitant in residential buildings and offices. This ornamental flowering plant of the Orchid family is native to Australia, the Philippines and Southeast Asia. Phalaenopsis orchid can be purchased at almost every flower shop. Due to its exquisite beauty, this epiphytic plant is incredibly popular among flower growers. In addition, caring for him is a great pleasure. Most varieties of phalaenopsis orchids are medium-sized plants with a peduncle from fifty to sixty centimeters. Short, miniature specimens have become popular not so long ago. They can only be found in some specialized stores. Mini Phalaenospis will give you great pleasure in growing.
Features of dwarf orchids
Mini phalaenopsis are plants no more than fifteen centimeters high, growing in small pots with a diameter of seven to nine centimeters.
Before buying a mini phalaenopsis for your home, you need to know what kind of care it needs. The main feature of keeping a miniature orchid at home is related to the composition of the soil that is used to grow it.
Unlike medium-sized varieties, mini phalaenopsis does not grow in pure bark, but in a dense clump of sphagnum moss. Accordingly, the features of caring for this flower at home are slightly different.
Care for purchased dwarf orchids should be as follows:
Conditions for growing mini phalaenopsis
All the features of keeping a mini orchid at home are proper watering, feeding and transplanting.
Proper water regime
An orchid growing in moss needs more frequent but moderate watering than an orchid growing in bark. This is due to the moisture capacity of moss, which is able to absorb a large amount of moisture and retain it for a long time.
The usual methods of watering by immersion in water or a strait from above are excluded in this case, since there is a high risk of overflowing plants. It is recommended to carry out double irrigation of the ground part of the flower - in the morning and in the evening. This is the ideal watering method for Phalaenopsis orchids.
Many growers water this flower with a teaspoon or a tablespoon, depending on the size of the pot. This method is also effective and helps to prevent plant overflow. In small doses, water is very quickly absorbed by the moss and evenly distributed throughout the container.
The younger the plant, the more demanding it is on air humidity. For adult specimens, this figure should be at least fifty and not higher than seventy percent.
Problems
Mini phalaenopsis, whose leaves began to wrinkle, most likely suffers from a lack of moisture. If, after watering with the above methods, the leaves restored their natural appearance, this means that the reason was precisely the drying of the substrate.
Another reason why the foliage of mini orchids loses turgor is a problem with the roots. Due to a lack or excess of moisture, they dry out or rot. Leaves cease to receive the main food. Such specimens need resuscitation - building up new roots. Optimize your pet's care to avoid this.
Top dressing scheme
Mini phalaenopsis, the basic care of which at home is quite simple, includes regular fertilizing. Fertilizers are applied every second week throughout the growing season. With the onset of a dormant period, flowers are fed less often - once a month. Experienced flower growers recommend completely stopping the nutrition of plants during the dormant period, which occurs in the summer and the dark months of autumn and winter.
Mini phalaenopsis is fertilized foliarly. To do this, use special fertilizers for orchids. The substance is diluted in water, using a quarter of the recommended dose according to the instructions. The leaves of the flower are sprayed with the finished solution in combination with watering - once every two weeks. This technique will prevent the appearance of burns on the roots of plants.
Growing temperature and lighting
Caring for dwarf orchids at home includes ensuring the correct temperature regime. The ideal temperature for keeping mini phalaenopsis is 21-25 degrees Celsius. At temperatures below fifteen degrees, the plant begins to massively drop flower buds. Mini orchids do not tolerate drafts and sudden changes in temperature. With the onset of the autumn-winter period, they are removed away from the windows.
Mini Phalaenopsis grows well in bright indirect light with protection from the sun. The best option is shading with a synthetic mesh.
How to transplant dwarf phalaenopsis?
Transplanting miniature orchids at home is carried out according to the same principle as for ordinary varieties, but taking into account some features:
Caring for mini phalaenopsis at home is more laborious than for large varieties of orchids. These flowers require more attention and, of course, patience.
Due to its compact size, mini phalaenopsis does not require a lot of space and gives its admirers lush flowering, decorating the interior with bright colors. A small orchid looks great in offices and home environments. To care for such a flower does not cause difficulties, you should familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the variety and the rules for their cultivation.
Description of the variety and characteristics
Mini phalaenopsis include epiphytic plants that grow in tropical forests, and lithophytes that live on rocks. The Philippines, East Asia and Australia are considered their homeland.
Miniature hybrids appeared thanks to the work of breeders. A distinctive feature of these plants is their small size: the length of the leaves does not exceed 30 cm, and the diameter of the flower is 5 cm. Peduncles reach a length of 35-40 cm. They can be gracefully curved or hanging down.
All varieties of miniature orchids are characterized by a long and abundant flowering period. In some species, budding can continue throughout the year. There is no dormant stage in the life cycle of these tropical plants. Mini orchids can bloom at any time of the year.
Among miniature plants, there are species with fairly large leaves, like standard orchids. They differ only in flower size.
Variety reviews
Kseniya
For the first time I saw a mini phalaenopsis with friends. The plant amazed me with its tiny size and bright colors. I got the same orchid. It has taken pride of place on my desktop. The plant did not require complex care, but bloomed throughout the year. Buds appeared one after another, forming a beautiful "fountain". Every year I buy miniature orchids and take care of my mini-garden with pleasure.
Natalia
My favorite flower is the mini orchid. Its long and lush flowering will not leave anyone indifferent. I did not immediately determine that a shoot had appeared on the plant. At first I mistook it for a new leaf. Having studied the material on the reproduction of mini phalaenopsis, I began to transplant the "baby". The young plant quickly took root and grew. It turns out that miniature orchids not only bloom beautifully, but also reproduce easily.
Varieties phalaenopsis mini
Flower size is the main distinguishing feature of mini phalaenopsis from standard orchids. Tiny plants have a huge number of species. Among the variety of mini-orchids, most often in the collections of flower growers you can find Phalaenopsis Luddemann and Phalaenopsis Mini Mark.
Phalaenopsis Luddemann
A distinctive feature of Phalaenopsis Luddemann is the predominance of the size of the sepals over the petals. The size of the flower in diameter is 4-5 cm. On a short peduncle, 5-7 buds are formed, which have a variegated color. Pink-purple petals frame a white lip placed in the center of the flower. The plant exudes a pleasant aroma. The length of the oblong leaves is 10-20 cm. Its amazing flowering can be admired all year round.
Phalaenopsis pink
Phalaenopsis pink is characterized by lush flowering: 10-16 buds of white-pink color are simultaneously formed on the stem. The flower diameter is only 3 cm. White sepals are decorated with pink stripes. Oval dark green leaves reach a length of 8-10 cm, and a peduncle - 20 cm. In the Philippines, pink phalaenopsis grows on the river coast.
Phalaenopsis Mark
On the white petals of Mini Mark Phalaenopsis, there are pink, orange or yellow dots. The lip has a rich orange tint. The diameter of the flower reaches 3-5 cm, and the length of the leaves is 10-15 cm.
Phalaenopsis White
Mini Phalaenopsis White is an unpretentious tropical plant. Buds are formed on a short erect peduncle that needs support. Its feature is the ability to branch. White flowers are adorned with a yellow lip. Their diameter reaches 5 cm.
Characteristics of phalaenopsis mini
Amateur flower growers to grow mini phalaenopsis are encouraged by the following advantages:
Growing Features
Mini phalaenopsis prefer moist air and heat, they are afraid of waterlogging the substrate. The main feature of their cultivation is associated with the composition of the soil. Most often, a soil mixture is used from the bark of conifers and sphagnum moss. To prevent moisture stagnation and the development of fungal diseases, pieces of charcoal are added to it. The substrate for lithophytes should contain ground tuff, large expanded clay and leaf humus.
Some types of mini orchids grow well on a "cushion" of moss. They need frequent and moderate watering. Sphagnum moss absorbs moisture more strongly, so watering by immersion will lead to root rot. A mini orchid growing on a “pillow” of moss is transplanted annually in the spring.
Most miniature phalaenopsis are grown on special blocks, which are made using pieces of pine bark and small blocks of wood. A mini orchid is fixed on a block with a fishing line or a thin thread, which is removed after the flower grows to the base.
Dwarf species of phalaenopsis, such as Shenorchis, can be grown on "epiphytic trees". To create them, snags or pieces of wood are used, to which tiny orchids are fixed. The snag is placed on the windowsill, placed in a flowerpot with wet pebbles.
The optimum air temperature for the successful cultivation of mini phalaenopsis is 19-25°C. In summer, it is permissible to increase the temperature to 30 ° C, but the plant does not like excessive heat. For good flowering, a mini orchid needs a temperature difference: during the day it should be in warm conditions, and at night - in cool ones. The difference in air temperature should be 4-6 ° C.
On a note!
Mini Phalaenopsis do not tolerate drafts, so they should not be placed near vents, doorways, or open windows.
Phalaenopsis mini - home care
Different types of mini phalaenopsis differ in development cycles. Therefore, their cultivation requires an individual approach. Caring for tiny plants at home is very simple and does not take much time. During the cultivation of mini phalaenopsis, it is necessary to adhere to the optimal indicators of humidity and air temperature, provide them with regular watering, do not forget to feed and replant.
Transfer
A healthy plant does not need frequent transplants. Mini phalaenopsis painfully react to new conditions. Therefore, immediately after purchase, it is not recommended to move the plant to new soil. They need to be transplanted only if the flower pot has become small, or the substrate has a smell of rot.
Transplantation of micro orchids is carried out only after the completion of the flowering period. The dried stem is cut at a height of 1 cm from the base.
The transplant process includes the following steps:
After transplanting, the plant should not slip out of the pot when climbing over the rest of the peduncle. Watering is stopped for 10 days. Mini phalaenopsis put in a warm place and sprayed daily.
It is necessary to transplant a mini orchid at least once every 2-3 years, because. the substrate gradually decomposes and loses air permeability.
Mini phalaenopsis are propagated vegetatively - with the help of "children" that form on the peduncle. When the length of the young roots reaches 2 cm, the shoots are carefully separated from the mother plant and transplanted into a special greenhouse with wet moss. After a year, the "kids" turn into adult plants.
Watering
To moisten the soil, settled water is used 4 ° C above room temperature. Excess lime is reduced by a cube of peat, which is immersed in water for irrigation for 2-3 days. Also, rain or melt water can be used to moisten the substrate.
Water the mini orchid in the following ways:
Usually mini phalaenopsis are watered once every 7-10 days. At the same time, you need to make sure that the soil has time to dry out.
In conditions of high air temperature and low humidity, it is recommended to regularly spray the plant from a spray bottle using the "fog" mode. Irrigation is carried out in the morning, so that by the evening the plant has time to dry. Such manipulations contribute to an increase in air humidity, which should be at least 60%.
It is better to grow micro phalaenopsis in a glass pot, at the bottom of which there are drainage holes. Through the transparent walls it is convenient to control the state of the root system. Excess moisture can be identified by the brown color of the roots and flabby leaves. With insufficient watering, the roots acquire a silver tint. In a healthy plant, they are gray-green in color with no signs of decay.
Fertilization
During the flowering period, tiny plants are fed 2 times a month, and during the dormant period - 1 time per month. Special fertilizers are applied in the dosage indicated on the package.
Phalaenopsis mini is recommended to fertilize by leaf. The solution for foliar feeding is prepared according to the instructions immediately before use. This method allows you to protect sensitive flower roots from burns with mineral salts.
On a note!
During the growing season, the plant especially needs nutrients. With their lack, the leaves acquire a light green tint, growth stops, flowering becomes scarce.
Lighting
Miniature orchids grow well in bright places where direct sunlight does not penetrate. For mini phalaenopsis, a slightly shaded place with diffused light is ideal. On the south window, from an overabundance of lighting, the leaves may turn red or turn yellow. As a result of bright sunlight hitting the plant, burns can form on the leaves and flowers.
The lack of light is manifested by the darkening of the leaf blade. In this case, phalaenopsis needs to be illuminated with fluorescent lamps, which are located at a distance of 30 cm from the plant.
Mini phalaenopsis attract flower growers with their compactness, abundant and long flowering. These plants are characterized by brightness of color and unpretentiousness. Under appropriate conditions, miniature orchids feel comfortable at home and are rarely affected by fungal infection and pests. Tiny flowers look great in group plantings, creating the effect of an amazing mini-garden.
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