The combination of materials is a favorite pastime of designers; in capital construction it is used to solve important practical problems. A competent combination of the physical qualities of stone and wood in the load-bearing walls of the building gives the developer a tangible gain in cost and comfort.
It is these two factors that have made houses made of combined materials popular and widespread in modern suburban construction.
What combinations are reasonable and permissible in the construction of such a structure?
Most often, stone is chosen for the walls of the first floor (brick, monolithic concrete, aerated concrete or expanded clay blocks). The second floor is built from round logs or glued beams.
It should be noted that combinations of different wall materials can also affect the exterior finish. A combined house allows you to use any options for facade decoration: the brick walls of the first floor can be finished with a blockhouse, insulated using the “ventilated facade” technology.
The second frame floor can be ennobled with decorative plaster or stone tiles. As an example, we suggest you consider the photo below.
Looking at such a house, you will not be able to unequivocally answer the question of what its load-bearing walls are built from. Although the combined technology of building walls is also used here. The first floor of this building is brick, lined with siding. The second is a wooden frame finished with ceramic tiles.
Constructive options for combined houses
Despite the variety of facade decor, the construction of combined houses must comply with the main principle: 1st floor stone 2nd floor wood. It provides the building with the necessary strength and creates conditions for comfortable living on the second floor. Another problem solved by the combination of materials is to reduce the labor intensity and cost of construction.
Those who do not want to spend extra money on exterior decoration act wisely. The combination of stone and wood is optimal not only from constructive considerations, but also from the standpoint of aesthetics. Therefore, do not hide behind the finish what looks perfect in itself.
An example is a mansion built in a deliberately rough combination of natural stone and logs. It fully complies with the canons of country style.
From the harsh mountainous terrain, it leads its pedigree, invented by alpine shepherds. It also used the idea of combining durable stone and warm wood.
Life in the mountains requires maximum reliability and functionality. Therefore, the first level of the chalet is always built from solid rock, which is not afraid of snow blockages, rockfalls and water. The second floor is designed to create comfort and coziness. For these purposes, there is no better material than natural wood.
The "generic sign" of all buildings built in the chalet style is wide roof overhangs that protect the walls from heavy rains and melting snowdrifts.
Modern combined houses made of stone and wood are extremely diverse, since the choice of wall materials is very wide. If you are not satisfied with a torn stone or a flat limestone "flagstone", then build the first floor from. They are strong enough and at the same time as warm as natural wood.
When preparing for construction, do not forget that houses made of foam blocks and wood require a reliable connection between the first and second floors. Cellular concrete is a rather fragile material. Therefore, it will not hold the steel anchors that fix the second level support beam.
A competent solution for such a design is pouring a monolithic reinforced concrete belt along the foam block walls. It increases the spatial rigidity of the building and allows you to securely fix the anchor bolts.
The appearance of the foam block wall is not very expressive. Therefore, it is better to sew it up with a blockhouse or siding, laying a vapor barrier and a layer of mineral wool insulation behind the facade cladding.
For the combined construction of a cottage, you can use. They are stronger than foam concrete, not so fragile and very warm. Finishing wood concrete walls is not laborious, since any decorative plaster adheres perfectly to them.
The second floor can be built from planed timber. This material retains heat well in a residential floor and does not require finishing cladding.
If you need a three-level combined house of brick and timber, then build it according to the following scheme: the basement technical floor is monolithic reinforced concrete, the first level is brick, the second is a frame or log house.
Speaking about the frame version of the walls of the second floor, we note that it will not only save you money, but also allow you to flexibly change the internal layout, adapting it to family needs.
You can hide the frame of the second floor behind the finish. Another interesting option is to specifically highlight it, turning it into an element of facade decor. Fachwerk is best suited for this - an old frame system in which posts, beams and cross braces open onto the facade.
A serious problem of all cottages is dampness on the first floor. The combined house solves it simply and functionally. The lower floor is reserved for utility rooms. Here you can equip a boiler room, a bathhouse, a workshop and a garage. Bedrooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms, playrooms and a kitchen are located on the second, drier floor.
A combined house and a combined facade are not the same thing!
As we have already said, a combination of different wall materials is the main feature of a combined building. In contrast, the combined facade of the house can be used on any residential building.
For example, having built a cottage from insulated sandwich panels, you can easily “disguise” it as a stone one. To do this, you can use ceramic tiles, sandstone, porcelain stoneware or rustic plaster. If ordinary, rather than face bricks are used for laying walls, then a “combi-facade” will also be appropriate.
The photo shows a house built of brick and timber. Obviously, the nondescript brickwork will need additional finishing. It does not have to be decorated "under the stone." It is enough to fill the blockhouse along the guides and your house will be completely “wooden”. Another option is a combination of semicircular false logs on the first floor and glued beams on the second.
Pros and cons of the combination idea
Having noted the main advantages of combined buildings: efficiency, layout flexibility, aesthetics and functionality, we will point out the disadvantages of such buildings.
The main one is the different time of "life" of stone and wood.. In rocks, it reaches 150 years. The tree, at best, will last half a century. For a light frame and shield walls, this period will be even less. Therefore, the moment will inevitably come when the first stone floor is still quite strong and reliable, and the walls of the second are already in need of repair.
Since the combined country houses in Russia are still quite young, there is no negative experience of different aging rates of wall materials. Therefore, the reviews of their owners are mostly positive.
Summing up, we advise everyone who has decided to build a combined cottage not to forget about the different service life of the first and second floors. To extend the life of the walls, buy well-dried and antiseptic wood, and trust the assembly of the frame to experienced professionals, not shabashniki.
For a wooden frame, a well-assembled drainage system is required to prevent moisture from entering the tree. In addition, at the construction stage, constant quality control of sealing of all cross sections of wooden posts and beams is required.
Saving. As a rule, the first floor is made of brick, and the second is made of wood. This makes the structure relatively light, due to which the construction of an expensive foundation is not required.
Fire safety. Usually on the ground floor there is a kitchen, a boiler room, a fireplace. In this case, brick walls reduce the risk of fire.
Comfortable microclimate. The combination of stone and brick allows you to retain heat well in the premises and provides an optimal level of humidity.
Our offer
The WoodHouse company offers services in construction of the combined houses from a bar and blocks. At all stages of cooperation, our engineers and builders provide professional consulting and technical support. Work with clients is carried out on the basis of an agreement, which stipulates:
- deadlines,
- the total cost of the object,
- our guarantees and obligations.
Variants of combined houses for every taste
WoodHouse employees build combined houses with a wooden attic and a brick plinth, a garage and offer a number of other solutions. Our clients can:
- buy a finished project. Typical designs of country houses, developed by our architects, take into account the needs of most potential customers and have been tested in practice. All projects of combined houses presented in our catalog are accompanied by floor plans, as well as lists of works and materials included in the basic package;
- order a custom design. Taking as a basis the wishes of the client regarding materials and architectural solutions, we will build a house that meets the requirements of all regulatory documents.
If you decide to build your home, you may be faced with a difficult choice. It consists in the purchase of material. And if everything was simple before, today, thanks to the variety of building materials, it is difficult to make a choice. Here you have brick, and aerated concrete, and rounded, glued or profiled timber. Such a list can be continued. Glued laminated timber is becoming quite popular. He showed himself on the good side, has a large number of positive reviews and is in demand.
There are many who wonder: which is better, a time-tested brick house or a relatively new technology for building houses from glued beams? This is an interesting question that we will discuss in this article. We will compare both the materials themselves and houses made of bricks and glued beams. Thanks to this, you will be able to make a choice.
Comparison of material characteristics
It is the characteristics that make the material suitable or not in a particular area. Anyone who is engaged in construction must know by heart all the pros and cons of the material. It is clear that each material has flaws, however, they need to be properly leveled. Let's start with glued beams.
Note! Glued laminated timber is the same wood that has been processed automatically. The beam is cut into several lamellas, lubricated with adhesive and combined into a single beam.
The photo shows what the finished beam looks like.
So, here is a list of the positive aspects of the material:
As for the minuses, glued laminated timber has the following:
- high price;
- not as durable as brick or aerated concrete;
- contains adhesives. Although everything is within the normal range, people with a tendency to bronchial diseases may feel discomfort.
What can be said about the brick? Reliable and durable houses have long been built from it. Here are the stats he has:
But what are the disadvantages of a brick:
These data are enough to carry out some analysis of this or that material. Nevertheless, additional information will help to decide which house is better.
Glued beam house
If earlier it was difficult to build wooden houses, then with automated equipment and new materials this task has become much easier. In addition, glued beams are good because no gaps are formed during the construction of walls. The building material has ideal geometric shapes, which allows you to implement any projects.
If you are a connoisseur of nature, beauty, a favorable atmosphere and comfort in the house, then glued laminated timber is just for you. Assembling a house is quite easy, according to the principle of a designer. In construction, the following types of wood are in demand:
- larch;
- pine;
- cedar.
The materials emit a pleasant coniferous smell, which has a beneficial effect on the body.
Note! Larch is not a cheap material, because in Russia it is grown only in some places. However, its thermal conductivity is very good.
What do you get when you build a house from glued beams?
If we talk about the negative aspects, then there are only a few of them. First, you will need to take care of your home. Only in this way will he serve you well. Secondly, such a design will cost a pretty penny. Thirdly, the house does not have such fire resistance as a brick. Other than that, it's a great choice. See how beautiful a house made of glued laminated timber looks.
brick house
Perhaps all your childhood passed in these brick houses. This building material was very popular, and remains so to this day. For all the time it has been loved by many users. It's all about the characteristics of the material. If we compare a house made of timber and a house made of bricks, then the second is far ahead of the first in terms of reliability and durability.
The material is not afraid of any interference. He is not afraid of rain, hurricane, fire or mechanical damage. In addition, brick houses can be called completely safe and environmentally friendly.
Note! Brick houses are warmer than concrete ones, but they are still much inferior in terms of thermal conductivity to other materials.
But, such construction has a lot of its drawbacks. For example, the construction of such a house can be more expensive. The fact is that the foundation must withstand a large mass of the structure. Therefore, 40-50% of all funds are spent on building a good foundation. And yet, not everyone will be able to work with brickwork. You need to hire an experienced bricklayer who would make your dream come true. Calling a brick house beautiful is also impossible. Therefore, they resort to finishing with facing bricks, which are even more expensive, or to other materials.
Austrian chalet style in Russian cottage villages
The construction technology of combined houses consists in laying the walls of the first floor of stone and using wood to assemble the second floor. The common name of the buildings is chalets. The word came from Austria: such buildings were often erected in the mountains.
GOOD WOOD builds combined houses from glued laminated timber of its own production and Porotherm porous ceramic blocks. These are safe and durable materials that can be used without additional insulation.
Why Combination Homes Are So Popular
Chalet is a hit of cottage settlements. Over the past 3-5 years, the popularity of combined projects has been steadily growing: several hundred families already live in a typical KD-225, which has become a real bestseller among GOOD WOOD offers.
Advantages of combined houses:
- Non-standard appearance. Agree, against the background of completely brick and wooden buildings, the chalets look very advantageous.
- There are ready-made projects and many built objects according to individual drawings. It is easier for the customer to choose a suitable house and immediately determine the price of construction.
- Reliable stable construction. It will suit anyone who doubts the strength of wooden housing construction.
- The combination of two materials for families who have not come to a consensus on what to build a house from. The solution will suit both brick (ceramic blocks) supporters and wood lovers.
- Separation into residential and common areas. The first (stone) floor is reserved for the living room, kitchen, boiler room, storerooms. On the second (wooden) bedrooms and children's rooms are equipped.
Ready-made projects of combined houses
The catalog contains 3 finished projects: KD-225, KD-202 and a new development of our partners (architectural bureau "Carlson and K") - cottage K-1. For all typical cottages, detailed equipment is provided - with materials, a description of construction technology and other details. For KD-225 and KD-202, you can even calculate the monthly cost of heating in advance.
Advantages and disadvantages of combining materials
Working projects of combined houses and cottages usually involve the first floor of stone (brick, gas or foam blocks) and the second of wood. This solution has its advantages:
- Fire protection. Brick and stone are non-combustible. On the ground floor, you can install a fireplace, a boiler and other equipment with an increased fire hazard.
- Durability. The lower part of the house suffers the most from negative influences, therefore, using brick or stone, you can ensure the durability of the building.
- Building a dwelling from a log and stone or brick is cheaper than completely stone (or brick) cottages. Savings are provided not only due to the lower cost of wood, but also due to lower costs for insulation, finishing work.
- Energy efficiency. Wood retains heat better - this saves on heating.
- Reducing the total weight of the building and saving on the foundation.
- Aesthetics. With proper design, a house made of combined materials turns out to be unusual and attractive.
But for the compatibility of different building materials, it is necessary to protect one raw material from another: for example, isolate a wooden floor from the lower part of aerated concrete and brick. If the first floor is monolithic and the second is log, a concrete base is required.
Common options for combining materials
- stone and wood - a classic combination;
- from blocks and timber - a budget option;
- brick and timber or rounded log - reliable housing, can be of any area;
- foam blocks and brick cladding - houses made of brick and foam blocks suggest a reduction in construction costs;
- monolith and log - a sturdy construction suitable for a respectable cottage;
- monolith and frame - suitable for regions with a mild climate.
Buyers often choose projects of combined houses made of aerated concrete and wood: the price of construction of such buildings is lower than that of brick-and-wood buildings, while the weight of the structure is less and thermal insulation is better.
We offer projects of combined houses: from foam blocks, wood, brick, monolith; with an attic or attic roof, interesting options with a second light are also available.
The layout of the internal space in them is made taking into account the characteristics of the materials.
catalog-plans.com
What is the advantage
The model of combined houses, where the main materials are wood and stone, is not new. Initially, this solution was used in the Alps. And rightly so, because all the building material was at hand. Stones were used to build the foundation. The first floor could also be laid out of it, which was used as a pantry for various utensils. Due to heavy snowfalls, the first floor was often covered with snow, but thanks to the stone, there was no detrimental effect on the structure. On the second floor of the house were the rooms of the inhabitants. The wood perfectly retained heat, so even strong winds were not terrible. Guided by this information, it is easy to highlight the positive points regarding combined buildings:
- high strength;
- durability;
- good thermal insulation;
- resistance to various weather conditions;
- material availability.
When choosing a combined option, it is also important to know about the disadvantages of such a structure:
- high cost of the project;
- a certain complexity of construction;
- the need for high-quality insulation;
- the need for insulation of the basement.
It is worth saying that in modern construction, instead of natural stone, various types of blocks can be used in combined versions, and natural stone serves as a lining for them. The cost of such a combined structure is much higher when compared with a frame house, but it surpasses it in strength. The construction of a combined building requires a special and careful approach to details, only in this case it will turn out to be the best way to combine wood and stone. It should be not only practical, but also attractive. The building block needs insulation. If this is not done, then significant heat losses will occur through it. The wood must be separated from the building blocks by waterproofing. In its absence, the support beams can rot, which will lead to destruction.
How not to build
The wrong way of combining different building materials can significantly reduce their lifespan.
For example, in some cases, the developer offers to perform partial or complete cladding of a brick building using wooden clapboard. From an aesthetic point of view, this is an interesting solution, but from a practical point of view, you will have to take into account many points and process the wood in a special way so that it does not undergo putrefactive processes. There were cases when a sufficient gap was not provided between the brickwork and the wood cladding. Due to the different expansion coefficient, cracks and deformations appeared in the wood.
Cladding a wooden structure is also not always a good idea. If the building is assembled from rounded timber, then there is no need for such a cladding. With regard to frame houses, it is important to be careful. Partial cladding is allowed, as it can add zest to the project, but full stone cladding is simply impossible. It has a significant weight, for which the walls, as well as the foundation, are not designed.
historical background
The best way to build a combined building will allow an understanding of what they were originally. Particular attention was paid to the roof. In a combined house, it was necessarily pitched and gently sloping. The angle of inclination was kept low to reduce windage and wind load. The rafter system was massive, and additional stones were laid on top of the flooring, which held it. In the original houses, which are called chalets, the roofs had a large overhang. In some cases, it reached three meters. This was done to achieve two goals:
- protect the wooden part of the house;
- collect more snow.
The large overhang of the combined house perfectly protected its wooden part from the effects of precipitation. With constant contact with moisture and water, the wood loses its shape and can dry out. In addition, in rainy weather, under such slopes, it was possible to do certain things. In summer, a wide overhang protected the residents from the scorching sun. A large overhang also increases the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof itself. The larger it is, the more snow can be held on it. Snow serves as a natural insulator that reduces heat loss through the roof. The attic floor in the combined chalets has always been residential.
Roofing in the classic version of the combined house was wooden tiles. It was made from aspen, cedar, larch or oak wood. The elements were fixed to the rafter system with wooden nails. Such flooring for a combined house could easily be made independently. The advantage was ease of repair, as well as excellent sound insulation. From modern materials, soft bituminous tiles will be an excellent replacement. It can be matched to the overall structure, which will not disturb the harmony.
One of the notable features of the house, which is made by combining materials, is a wide balcony. From above, it was closed with a visor and was a continuation of the second floor. Wooden piles served as a support for it. A similar approach can be applied in modern combined houses. A good solution would also be the use of French windows, which will erase the line between the room and nature.
Finished projects
An interesting completed project of a combined house made of stone and wood can be seen in the photo above. The basis of the combined house is natural stone, and not a modern block. This approach made it possible to perfectly fit the house into the landscape. A natural hill was chosen as the place for the construction of the combined house, so a garage was built from below, the entrance to which was also lined with natural stone. The stone is also present in fragmentary decoration, which made it possible to blur the border between stone and wood. The roof is tiled, and the overhangs are made with sufficient offset.
The photo above shows another interesting project of a combined cottage house. This version of the combined structure will look great outside the city. The lower part of the building is fragmentarily finished with stone, and the upper part is assembled from timber. There is a large terrace in front of the entrance, and on the second floor there is a balcony, which is covered from precipitation by roof overhangs. The basis of the combined building is a strip foundation, and the terrace is installed on a column foundation. This allows you to reduce costs and not lose strength.
Above is another version of the combined house. Its peculiarity is that it already looks like a chalet, but like a Russian hut. The wooden part of the combined house is made of logs. This made it possible to achieve excellent thermal insulation in the combined building. For the windows of the combined house, frames made of plastic profiles are used, which have lamination. The foundation of the house is tape deepened and finished with stone on the outside. Soft tiles are in perfect harmony with the materials.
The combined building, which can be seen in the photo above, is presented in a modern minimalist design. Its upper part is built in a frame way, which made it possible to reduce the load on the first floor.
This project is an example of combination in facade decoration. The combined building is built of wooden beams. The roof slopes have a small angle of inclination and wide overhangs. The corner of the house and the plinth are finished with natural stone. There is not much of it, so it does not put much pressure on the walls. French windows are installed on the first and second floors of the combined building, which occupy the entire height of the wall.
This combo house project is a great example of how two different building materials can be combined beautifully. As you can see, the combined house was built using frame technology. Its first floor is finished with natural stone. The pillars that support part of the combined building are also covered with natural stone. Above is a large terrace where you can sunbathe.
In this project, everything is thought out to the smallest detail and perfectly combined. Under the upper terrace of the combined house there is a recreation area, which is perfectly protected from the rain. The area near the first floor of the combined house is filled with concrete, it does not protrude above ground level, which makes it possible to eliminate sharp transitions. Natural stone is present not only on the lower level, but also visible on the chimney and part of the second floor. The roof finish is very similar to that used in the classic version of the chalet. A video about the combined house project is below.
bouw.ru
Advantages and disadvantages of combined housing projects
Any design cannot be perfect. There will always be pros and cons of individual houses and materials used for construction. Combined projects have their own characteristics. Let's talk about the advantages of sharing timber and bricks.
Reliability of the combined house
Any building can be reliable if all important points are taken into account during construction. The combined project provides for greater reliability of the house. They build according to this principle mainly two-story cottages. Basement, first floors are made of brick. This provides structural strength, prolongs the life of the house. Brick is not afraid of fire, water, strong wind, sunlight. Provided that the foundation is laid correctly, the elements will not lead the brick box, will not destroy it. The second floor is better to make from a bar. There are several variations of the beam:
- not profiled;
- profiled;
- glued.
Before choosing a timber, read the quality characteristics of each, so as not to be mistaken. Mostly profiled and glued beams are used for felling. Wood has different properties, which can be extended by building the bottom of a brick box. A reliable brick base will allow you to resist a light timber box under any circumstances. For example, during a flood, it often floods a dwelling to roof level, if the house is without a superstructure. A wooden structure rarely withstands a large flow of water and its influence:
- the log is difficult to dry;
- the box is deformed or, in general, falls apart;
- Requires a major overhaul or installation of a new frame.
When building a building according to a combined project, the following consequences can be avoided:
- the lower floor of brick is not subject to destruction;
- enough to dry the walls, foundation;
- do the interior work.
- the second floor from a bar will not suffer from water.
There can be many such situations, we will not list them.
Combination home comfort
The possibility of placing common rooms on the ground floor:
- kitchens;
- bathroom;
- living room;
- toilet
- boiler room.
Brick withstands drops:
- temperatures;
- humidity;
- fumes from cooking.
The tree does not behave so perfectly. Therefore, a private zone is placed on the second floor. In the recreation area, sleeping timber retains its natural properties:
- breathes;
- passes moisture;
- retains heat;
- creates a comfortable microclimate.
This allows you to create comfortable conditions for residents. The first brick floor is set up for an active life, the second floor made of timber helps to relax, enjoy the tranquility, natural wall decor.
Combined home safety
Fire safety concerns not only residents of multi-apartment buildings, but also an individual mansion. This is no coincidence. How much equipment, engineering structures are provided in the cottage for a full-fledged stay. Gas and electrical appliances carry a fire hazard. Brick is resistant to fire. Its use in the construction of the first floor is highly advisable due to the location of the ignition sites. The brick will not allow the fire to spread quickly. The second floor from a bar, with a timely reaction, will not be exposed to fire.
The speed of the construction of the box according to the combined project
If there is no time to wait, combined housing projects will come to the rescue. An attic made of glued or profiled chamber-drying lumber is assembled quickly:
- poured the foundation;
- allowed to dry;
- laid out a brick wall;
- assembled the second lightweight floor from timber;
- a wooden box looks aesthetically pleasing even without finishing;
- start communications;
- move to live on the second floor of a combined building.
The first floor needs more time to finish. So let's deal with it last, living on the second floor.
Price of combined projects
I want to save money on construction. Projects of combined houses allow you to do this. Brick, its masonry, mortar will cost the developer a decent amount. We'll have to build a house on one floor. It is cheaper to install a log house from a bar if you do the installation yourself. It is not difficult to do this from profiled or glued timber. Here's your savings. House at an affordable price. The project of a combined frame made of bricks and glued laminated timber is more expensive, but the properties of profiled timber are no worse. Choose for yourself what to make the second floor.
The disadvantages of combined projects include the following:
- Exterior view of the façade. The combined house does not have a specific style design. The rough simplicity of brick is the natural look of timber. It can be fixed. There are facade finishing elements. They will give a finished look to the walls.
- Search for generalist builders for a combined project.
- It is necessary to correctly calculate the transitions of the walls from the first to the second floor, to perform their installation.
Otherwise, the shortcomings may be of a personal nature based on the requirements of the owner of the combined housing.
Varieties of houses according to the combined project
Houses made of brick and timber are different modifications.
- Often projects are represented by two-story houses. You can build structures of greater height. It all depends on the imagination of the client, his capabilities.
- There are single-story projects - alteration of an existing house. Not so long ago, hand-cut logs were used to build an individual house. The box has retained its appearance and strength, but it is required to increase square meters. It is not always possible to build a second floor on a wooden box due to the foundation or soil. Then a project is created to expand the house at the level of the log house:
- Attached toilet, shower room, new kitchen. Brick is more suitable for this. It turns out the project of a combined house of timber and brick in one level.
- Sometimes a log house is covered with bricks in one layer. Environmental friendliness, comfort, room climate are preserved, and functions are expanded.
Projects of combined brick and timber houses are welcome:
- If the soil does not allow the construction of a two-story brick house. The load is large, the foundation may burst and cause deformations, distortions.
- The second floor of glued or profiled timber will reduce the load.
- You can save on strengthening the foundation for a heavy house. There will be no need to raise the soil layer to a sufficient height.
The combined project will make the dream of a two-story cottage accessible. For decisiveness, watch a video clip about houses made of bricks and timber:
Consider a photo of projects of combined houses made of brick and timber: A house built of brick and timber looks unique. In recent years, there has been a demand for projects. Abroad combined housing is very popular. A well-known example is the "chalet" house or buildings that combined the first floor of brick and the frame second tier. Projects of combined houses made of brick and timber deserve attention. Having studied the features of the designs, you can safely proceed to the creation and implementation of your own version.
infobrus.ru
Constructive options for combined houses
Despite the variety of facade decor, the construction of combined houses must comply with the main principle: 1st floor stone 2nd floor wood. It provides the building with the necessary strength and creates conditions for comfortable living on the second floor. Another problem solved by the combination of materials is to reduce the labor intensity and cost of construction.
Those who do not want to spend extra money on exterior decoration act wisely. The combination of stone and wood is optimal not only from constructive considerations, but also from the standpoint of aesthetics. Therefore, do not hide behind the finish what looks perfect in itself.
An example is a mansion built in a deliberately rough combination of natural stone and logs. It fully complies with the canons of country style.
From the harsh mountainous terrain, the chalet-style house, invented by Alpine shepherds, traces its pedigree. It also used the idea of combining durable stone and warm wood.
Life in the mountains requires maximum reliability and functionality. Therefore, the first level of the chalet is always built from solid rock, which is not afraid of snow blockages, rockfalls and water. The second floor is designed to create comfort and coziness. For these purposes, there is no better material than natural wood.
The "generic sign" of all buildings built in the chalet style is wide roof overhangs that protect the walls from heavy rains and melting snowdrifts.
Modern combined houses made of stone and wood are extremely diverse, since the choice of wall materials is very wide. If you are not satisfied with torn stone or flat limestone "flagstone", then build the first floor from foam blocks. They are strong enough and at the same time as warm as natural wood.
When preparing for construction, do not forget that houses made of foam blocks and wood require a reliable connection between the first and second floors. Cellular concrete is a rather fragile material. Therefore, it will not hold the steel anchors that fix the second level support beam.
A competent solution for such a design is pouring a monolithic reinforced concrete belt along the foam block walls. It increases the spatial rigidity of the building and allows you to securely fix the anchor bolts.
The appearance of the foam block wall is not very expressive. Therefore, it is better to sew it up with a blockhouse or siding, laying a vapor barrier and a layer of mineral wool insulation behind the facade cladding.
For the combined construction of a cottage, you can use wood concrete blocks. They are stronger than foam concrete, not so fragile and very warm. Finishing wood concrete walls is not laborious, since any decorative plaster adheres perfectly to them.
The second floor can be built from planed timber. This material retains heat well in a residential floor and does not require finishing cladding.
If you need a three-level combined house of brick and timber, then build it according to the following scheme: the basement technical floor is monolithic reinforced concrete, the first level is brick, the second is a frame or log house.
Speaking about the frame version of the walls of the second floor, we note that it will not only save you money, but also allow you to flexibly change the internal layout, adapting it to family needs.
You can hide the frame of the second floor behind the finish. Another interesting option is to specifically highlight it, turning it into an element of facade decor. Fachwerk is best suited for this - an old frame system in which posts, beams and cross braces open onto the facade.
A serious problem of all cottages is dampness on the first floor. The combined house solves it simply and functionally. The lower floor is reserved for utility rooms. Here you can equip a boiler room, a bathhouse, a workshop and a garage. Bedrooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms, playrooms and a kitchen are located on the second, drier floor.
A combined house and a combined facade are not the same thing!
As we have already said, a combination of different wall materials is the main feature of a combined building. In contrast, the combined facade of the house can be used on any residential building.
For example, having built a cottage from insulated sandwich panels, you can easily “disguise” it as a stone one. To do this, you can use ceramic tiles, sandstone, porcelain stoneware or rustic plaster. If ordinary, rather than face bricks are used for laying walls, then a “combi-facade” will also be appropriate.
The photo shows a house built of brick and timber. Obviously, the nondescript brickwork will need additional finishing. It does not have to be decorated "under the stone." It is enough to fill the blockhouse along the guides and your house will be completely “wooden”. Another option is a combination of semicircular false logs on the first floor and glued beams on the second.
Pros and cons of the combination idea
Having noted the main advantages of combined buildings: efficiency, layout flexibility, aesthetics and functionality, we will point out the disadvantages of such buildings.
The main one is the different time of "life" of stone and wood.. In rocks, it reaches 150 years. The tree, at best, will last half a century. For a light frame and shield walls, this period will be even less. Therefore, the moment will inevitably come when the first stone floor is still quite strong and reliable, and the walls of the second are already in need of repair.
Since the combined country houses in Russia are still quite young, there is no negative experience of different aging rates of wall materials. Therefore, the reviews of their owners are mostly positive.
Summing up, we advise everyone who has decided to build a combined cottage not to forget about the different service life of the first and second floors. To extend the life of the walls, buy well-dried and antiseptic wood, and trust the assembly of the frame to experienced professionals, not shabashniki.
For a wooden frame, a well-assembled drainage system is required to prevent moisture from entering the tree. In addition, at the construction stage, constant quality control of sealing of all cross sections of wooden posts and beams is required.
greensector.ru
Combined houses: what is it
This type of building is not know-how. Even in the times of Kievan Rus, they noticed that such houses are durable, light, resist fire more and better protect heat. With the development of technology, there are more variations in the combination of materials for combined houses. However, stone and timber remain closest to the ideal.
Two-part houses, as a rule, have 2 floors. The basement level is built of durable stone, which is not afraid of fires, strong winds, precipitation, groundwater and abundant sun. In addition, the stone base of the house becomes an excellent support for the second floor, which is assembled from wood. The beam helps to increase the energy efficiency of the building, gives comfort, beauty and convenience. It can be of several types, depending on the purpose:
- Glued. One element consists of many thin glued softwood lamellas.
- Unprofiled. An ordinary bar obtained after processing a log at a sawmill. The cheapest option to build.
- profiled. It has grooves and bulges for reliable fixation and improved thermal insulation at the joints. It has clear set parameters.
Among the projects of composite private dwellings, the style of a chalet is in demand - Swiss shepherd's houses with characteristic very prominent overhangs of cornices. The cottage got its shape for a reason. It allows you to maximize the conversion of sunlight into thermal energy. The second wooden floor of such a house is an attic.
Attention! Other options for combination with wood: concrete, foam blocks, expanded clay blocks or reinforced concrete.
Pros and cons of combined houses
The popularity of such cottages is explained by a large preponderance of positive characteristics over negative ones. This type of building is actually quite practical. Its advantages:
- lightweight construction, reduced pressure on the foundation (compared to a conventional stone or brick house);
- the possibility of construction in a place with a close occurrence of groundwater;
- durability;
- the possibility of construction using modern eco-materials that are safe for the environment;
- a wide range of design solutions along with high aesthetics;
- profitability;
- higher fire safety (in comparison with buildings only made of wood or modern combustible materials);
- increased protection against moisture;
- the function of the second floor-thermos: in the heat it will be cool there, in the cold - warmer.
The disadvantages of two-part houses are not so many:
- wood serves less than stone;
- stone and wood have extremely different physical and technological properties, because of this, after operation in severe frost or heat, difficulties may arise;
- even in combination with a non-combustible neighbor, the timber remains a flammable material.
The stone is not as light as foam blocks or expanded clay building materials. Such a house should be further strengthened from subsidence with a high foundation. Nevertheless, combined housing is an option for those who cannot afford a two-story cottage. Also, architects recommend this type of building when, due to a heavy load, the foundation of a 2-story brick or stone house can burst or cause distortion. In fact, the usual foundation for a 1-story house is enough for the building.
The design approach in the arrangement of rooms can be anything, but usually fits into the natural concept. The facade of the house is also usually not additionally veneered - the more natural the texture looks, the better. The stone part can be additionally decorated in a rural or other direction, and the timber can be decorated with carvings.
There are exceptions, when with the help of modern facing materials both floors lead to a single design style. But in this case, do not forget about the different characteristics of the materials. On one in a few years, the lining will still look good, on the other it will no longer hold.
When drawing up a project, the size of the dwelling does not matter. In the photo you can see cottages that are completely different in size and design. The condition of the soil is also unimportant. The main thing is that the earth should not be a swamp and be able to withstand a one-story stone house.
The construction of such a building takes relatively little time. The main period will be spent on pouring, drying the foundation and raising the stone walls. A lightweight wooden level develops much faster: it does not require finishing. At least for the first time, you can live with bare wooden walls while you decorate the lower floor. Even before picking up a spatula or facing panels, conduct communications. They are advised to be located only on the 1st floor.
Attention! The combination of premises for business and life in a 2-storey combined house is quite in demand. Downstairs, the owners are equipping a commercial space, and upstairs they live by themselves, making a separate exit and communications.
The combination of materials in housing construction opens up wide possibilities for its style design. You can make a house for every taste. In order not to be disappointed with the result, work only with experienced builders.
dachadizain.ru
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