Any product assembled from separate parts does not fall apart due to reliable fasteners, which are often hidden from view. These elements are usually inexpensive, but the strength and durability of the structure as a whole depends on them.
Take a look at the photo of metal fasteners, it is presented in a large assortment, it has a modern design. Its role has increased due to the development of advanced technologies in construction and the emergence of new roofing materials: fasteners make it possible to speed up finishing work.
What fastener to choose? Primary requirements
Fasteners for metal structures should be selected especially carefully, the safety of people often depends on this. It is necessary that fasteners meet the basic requirements and have the following characteristics:
Strength. This parameter directly depends on the quality of the materials used in the production, it is also important that the technology is strictly observed in the manufacture. An example of a product that meets the required quality standards is fasteners made of metal, TM Zubr.
Anti-corrosion resistance. Special protection is applied to products, galvanized coating is considered one of the most common, it is easy to distinguish it from others by its characteristic light silver color.
Zinc can be applied to the surface in two different ways: to obtain a hot-dip galvanized coating, metal parts are immersed in zinc at a temperature of 450-480 degrees, the hot metal layer can be from 50 to 150 microns.
The second method is called galvanization; its essence lies in the fact that an electrozinc coating is applied to the part by electrolysis, the layer thickness can vary within: 5 - 35 microns.
Another common anti-corrosion protection is passivation in a special solution with chromic acid. Any fastener for a metal profile is lowered into the solution, due to which the surface of the part is completely covered with a thin oxide film with increased strength.
Scratches do not affect the yellow chromate film with a silvery tint, yellow passivated fasteners are not subject to corrosion.
You should choose the right types of metal fasteners, if you plan to subsequently paint or putty the building structure, buy fasteners with a corrosion-resistant coating that adheres reliably to paints and varnishes and putty.
There are 2 ways to obtain such a coating: phosphating and oxidation, the first method involves chemical treatment using depolarizers and phosphates, and the second - using alkaline solutions.
In both cases, black products are obtained, which are sold in hardware stores along with fasteners that have only an anti-corrosion coating.
How do I know if a fastener is suitable for mounting?
Suitability is influenced by 2 parameters: well-thought-out design and the production of a working profile with the utmost precision.
The working profile is the shape of the surface of the tool, due to which the force is transmitted from the tool to the fastener when unscrewing or twisting, and it is not at all necessary to have remarkable strength to work with it.
Manufacturers produce various working profiles, if the tip is inserted into the head of a screw or screw, this working profile is called internal, if we consider the external working profile, the tool covers the fixing head.
It is better to choose fasteners with a large total area, which means that the fastener and the working part of the tool have a lot of "contact spots".
The dynamics of the growth of "contact spots" depending on the increase in load also plays an important role, which should not be forgotten. It is recommended to use working profiles if their total area increases with the application of effort.
Why does the fastener break?
Metal or metal can be torn off by applying too much force when loosening or tightening bolts and other fasteners, there are cases when fasteners are deformed.
Do not use tools with unsuitable profiles, another common reason is incorrect placement of the working part of the tool in the fastener profile, and finally, do not work with poor quality tools.
The working profile must be carefully selected for each case, taking into account the operating conditions of the structure, how convenient access to fasteners is, and whether the fasteners will be constantly exposed to moisture depends on the state of the environment. Choose the right working tools, observing all of the above conditions, and you will not be mistaken.
Photo of metal fasteners
Serve for connection (fastening) of elements of machines and designs. Fasteners include bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, wedges, rivets, etc. products, as well as auxiliary parts (for example, washers and cotter pins). * * * MOUNTING… … encyclopedic Dictionary
FASTENING DETAILS- standard, mass-produced parts for rigid fastening of machine elements and structures. K. d. include metal (see): bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, rivets, etc., as well as auxiliary parts, washers and cotter pins ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia
Parts for fixed connection of parts of machines and structures. These usually include details of threaded connections (See Threaded connection): bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, capercaillie, washers, cotter pins, and pins. The main parameter… Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Details for rigid fastening of elements of machines and structures. K. d. include bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, rivets, dowels, etc. products, as well as auxiliary. washers and cotter pins. K. d. are standardized and are produced mainly. ... ...
This term has other meanings, see Slot. Phillips cross slot Fastener slot recess in the head of the threaded ... Wikipedia
These are fastening products: bolts, nuts, screws, screws, self-tapping screws, rivets, washers, pins, studs, etc. Fasteners also include the concept of hardware (metal products) standardized metal products of various nomenclature ... ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Capercaillie (meanings). Capercaillie Capercaillie fastener in the form of a rod with a hexagon ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Anker. Anchor bolts Anker (German Anker as ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Goujon. Goujon (fr. goujon) is a type of screw with a semi-counter or semicircular head and a square above the head. After screwing in the goujon, the square is cut down, that is, the connection ... ... Wikipedia
Products included in the design of machines and devices that have unified. fixing and attaching, dimensions and manufactured, as a rule, by related enterprises by suppliers ... Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary
Books
- Dynamic car, tuning secrets,. The manual describes: Engine Engine control system and ignition system Fuel system Nitrous oxide Inflating Exhaust system Cooling system Engine lubrication and cooling system…
- Pencil "Bunny" (2863), . Dear parents! Together with your child, you can make an original pencil box in which the child can store not only felt-tip pens and pencils, but also other necessary things. Made by their…
Fasteners, otherwise called hardware, are one of the most widely used parts. Everyone knows what fasteners are and for what purposes they are used.
Their importance during construction work and in the economy can hardly be overestimated. The term "hardware" arose from the abbreviation of the phrase "metal products".
Fasteners are of two types: detachable and one-piece. The production of fasteners is constantly growing, and the variety of fasteners used is very wide. The reason is that these details are an indispensable attribute of any development in the field of mechanical engineering. The standard of fasteners is regulated in the GOST document “Fasteners. Terms and Definitions. GOST 27017-86”.
Let's take a closer look at what types of fasteners are.
Anchor
Anchor is a fastener designed to connect structures and products. And it is also customary to call a part that is partially concreted into any structure.
Types of anchors:
- ceiling;
- driving;
- wedge;
- frame;
- with a half ring;
- with ring;
- with nut.
These parts are united by the function performed - fasteners. So, a drive-in anchor with an internal thread and a cone-shaped wedge is needed to fasten materials and equipment to brick or concrete. Such an anchor is mounted simply: it is installed in a hole that has already been drilled earlier. The radius and depth of such a hole are selected based on the dimensions of the anchor.
Anchor wedge is used for fast fastening in concrete, a common material for structures such as strips, profiles, suspended ceilings. This type of anchor is often used to secure heavy equipment to solid foundations. To install a wedge anchor, a hole is drilled in concrete, where the anchor is hammered with a hammer, after which it is tightened with a nut. Ceiling anchors made of galvanized steel fix metal profiles, facades, railings, gratings, on a concrete or stone base without cracks.
The frame anchor is intended for fixing frames and door frames made of wood and metal to a brick or concrete base.
Bolt
Bolts - cylindrical metal fasteners with a metric external thread and a head at one end, usually designed for nuts. The head of the bolt may be shaped like a hexagon, a cylinder, or a sphere. Bolts allow you to create a connection using a nut or a pre-made threaded hole in the part to be joined.
A stepped bolt is distinguished by the fact that the diameter of its thread is smaller than the diameter of the smooth part. The foundation bolt has a specially shaped head to help secure the equipment directly to the foundation.
The most widespread was a bolt with a hexagon head for a wrench. Bolt sizes may vary.
A fastener such as a bolt is usually inserted into a pre-made through hole of the parts to be fastened, then a nut is screwed onto the thread, and the parts are tightened with a wrench. The force of friction allows you to achieve fixation of the connection. To transfer part of the load to the bolt, the maximum accuracy in the manufacture of the rod and the hole for it in the details is required. To prevent parts from deforming, washers are placed under the bolt head and nut. Bolt sizes allow you to find the right fastener for any application.
Nail
The material for the manufacture of ordinary nails is steel and steel wire. The marking of nails includes two numbers: the first is the diameter of the rod, the second is the length of the rod in millimeters. The head of the nail is both smooth and corrugated. Screw, club and corrugated nails are distinguished by the presence of helical, longitudinal and transverse grooves, burrs or dents on the rod. Such nails have more resistance to pulling out.
Hardened steel nails can be driven into brick and concrete walls. True, when working with them, it is necessary to take into account their increased fragility. For fastening to rigid bases, roofing, wallpaper, plaster nails are used. They are produced with a flat, wider head than ordinary nails, and a shorter shaft. In aggressive environments, copper nails can be used, which are almost not subject to corrosion, as well as galvanized or alloy steel.
The operation of hammering nails has its own specifics. In order for the nail to be hammered with high quality, a number of requirements must be followed.
To prevent dents on the parts during the driving in of nails, you need to use a countersink. In order for the bond to be strong, the nail shaft must go 2/3 of the length into the lower fastened part. When hammering small nails, it is best to use auxiliary devices. To make the joints of the parts to be joined stronger, it is better to hammer the nail at an angle. When using thick nails, in order to avoid splitting the board, you need to slightly blunt their sharp end. If it is planned to hang any load on the nail driven into the wall, it must be hammered not perpendicular to the wall, but at an angle from top to bottom.
The nail that has passed through must be carefully bent, resorting to the help of a trihedral file. In order not to damage the surface of the parts when pulling out nails with pliers, you need to use a plate that is placed under the pliers, reducing the pressure on the part. If further dismantling of parts is planned, it is preferable to use screws rather than nails.
In some cases, liquid nails are used to fasten products. They are made from polymer materials and rubber. Liquid nails are able to provide sufficient fastener strength no worse than metal ones. One drop of nails of this type can withstand a force of 50 kg. But their main advantage is the preservation of the integrity of the decorative surface. The scope of liquid nails is very wide. They are used for gluing wall and ceiling panels, drywall, chipboard, fiberboard, wood, cardboard, ceramics, stucco decorations, glass, metal and many other materials to a variety of surfaces.
When buying liquid nails, you need to be careful. Different grades of this material have a certain degree of adhesion.
Liquid nails are advisable to use:
- at high humidity of the room;
- for temperatures not lower than -10 0 C.
For example, neutral nails are harmless because they are based on a water solution. However, they cannot glue metal. They also dislike sub-zero temperatures. Nails based on organic solvents have an increased setting speed and withstand temperatures down to -20°C. Their disadvantage is the presence of volatile harmful substances in the composition. Within 5 days after application, they emit an unpleasant odor. The setting of liquid nails occurs within 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the brand. However, they completely polymerize only after a day.
screws
In order for the screws to perform their function as reliable fasteners to the fullest, it is necessary to choose their size and type correctly. So, screws are fasteners for wooden structures. Their rod tapers towards the end and performs the function of a drill. This type of fastener cannot be hammered in like nails - they are twisted completely. Before using small screws, a puncture is first made with an awl. Large screws will be easier to screw if you first make a slightly smaller diameter hole with a drill.
Screws are used to connect metal structures. The head of the screw contributes to the clamping of the parts to be joined, and its shape is chosen so that the screw can be easily tightened using a wrench or screwdriver. Screw heads can be hexagonal, semicircular or countersunk. The flat end of the screw has a chamfer to prevent thread entry.
A screw is a fastener that is screwed into a threaded hole. In some cases, a hole is drilled at the end of the screw for the use of a cotter pin - a wire rod with a semicircular cross section, bent almost in half. The cotter pin serves to prevent spontaneous unscrewing of the fastener.
Often a washer is installed between the part and the nut, the inner hole of which allows the screw shaft to pass into it. If the screw is rusted, a striker or special crimps are used to remove it. Often this can be helped by heating the nut with a gas burner or blowtorch. If open fire is forbidden for any reason, you can use a red-hot iron rod or a large soldering iron.
screw
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole inside. The most widely used galvanized nuts. The shape of the nuts is hexagonal, round with a notch, square, with protrusions for fingers. The main purpose of a nut is to connect parts using a bolt.
Types of nuts:
- hexagonal;
- square;
- "lamb";
- flanged with a groove for a cotter pin in the form of a cap;
- T-shaped, with plastic insert.
It is also worth noting that the nuts are also divided according to the strength class in accordance with the bolts with which it is used.
Dowel
Dowels are used for fastening in solid wall bases. The fastening of the dowel is based on the principle of friction, which occurs due to the expansion of the fastener during installation with the occurrence of a holding force. The dowel is able to withstand large static loads. During dowel installation, the fasteners are destroyed during the pulling process. The dowel is made of polymers. Their physical and mechanical properties can vary greatly depending on various factors. These are the characteristics of the filler, the ratio of components, the parameters of the binder. The disadvantages of polymers include low heat resistance, a tendency to deformation under load, and aging.
Only screws properly matched to the dowel can withstand the maximum load. They must have a maximum allowable length and a diameter corresponding to the length and thickness of the dowel. When using other fasteners, the thread profile is of great importance, since it determines the expansion effect. The use of self-tapping screws and screws for fixing drywall sheets is not recommended.
A number of manufacturers are engaged in the manufacture of dowels that allow the installation of screws with metric threads. The greatest locking is achieved with a dowel in concrete, stone and other solid solid materials. It should be borne in mind that the hole for installing the dowel must be drilled in accordance with the recommendations for depth, diameter and distance from the edge. As a result of drilling a hole, cracks or chips should not occur. The hole must also be cleaned of debris and dust.
Among the proposals of manufacturers, one can find varieties of dowels with an increased length, necessary for soft and hollow materials. When installed in such a base, fixing can be achieved by fixing the internal stop of the parts. For insertion occurring in hollow materials, anchoring is based on a combination of friction and internal stop. It is necessary to take into account all the factors that determine the reliability of fastening in all their relationship.
Rivet
A detail such as a combined type blind rivet consists of an aluminum body and a rod made of galvanized steel. This design is the most common. The purpose of a rivet is to join two or more surfaces of a thin sheet. The need for a rivet arises in cases where a permanent connection is required using a power tool, when access on the side of the closing head of the rivet is limited or closed.
There is also an exhaust rivet nut - a fastener that is widely used in mechanical engineering and electronics. The rivet nut is designed to create threaded connections in metal materials and other thin materials of high strength. Among rivets, steel rivets are the most durable. Steel rivets are protected from corrosion by galvanizing.
Threaded rivets differ from ordinary exhaust rivets in that they not only connect sheet materials to each other, but also have an internal screw thread.
High-quality threaded rivets are installed in places that are difficult to reach using such a simple tool as a riveter.
Since the choice of lengths and diameters of rivets is very wide, the search for the best one for the task must be carried out by marking on the product.
self-tapping screw
To fasten metal parts of small thickness to wooden or plastic surfaces, self-tapping screws with frequent threads are used. Insulation, fiberboard, wooden parts are fastened with self-tapping screws with large threads. Having a tip in the form of a drill, it is able to independently make holes in the parts to be fastened. If the self-tapping screw is screwed into a hole drilled in advance, self-tapping screws with a sharp tip are used. A universal black self-tapping screw is used to fasten drywall sheets with tin profiles. A universal white self-tapping screw is used for fastening steel, plastic and wood materials. Self-tapping screws are the most widely used fasteners for wooden structures.
Washer
The washer is made from cold rolled steel strip. It is a round plate with an internal hole and is used to increase the strength of bolted joints by placing it under the bolt head or nut. Thanks to the rivet, the clamping surface of the parts to be fastened increases, which makes it possible to protect the surfaces to be joined from deformation when the nut is tightened.
Hairpin
Stud - fastener, which has the form of a cylindrical rod, which has an external thread cut either along the entire length or at the ends. Such a connection is used if none of the materials involved in the connection has a thread. Further, the connection is fixed by means of a nut, sometimes supplemented with a washer. The use of studs as a fastener harms the appearance of the product.
Screw
A screw is a fastener in the form of a rod with an external thread with a conical tip and a head at the other end. It has the ability to create new threads in plastic or wood products. Screws - hardware, fasteners, which have found the widest application in construction and decoration works. They cannot also be replaced during the installation of drywall sheets on a frame made of metal or wood.
Various types of screws are also used in roofing, facade work to connect metal sheets. The roofing screw has a hexagonal head and is supplied with an ordinary washer and a sealing washer, the latter being made of weather-resistant rubber. This type of screw is dyed and available in 18 colors, helping to give the building an aesthetic appearance.
Each type of fastener is made to perform certain functions. This explains the wide variety that fasteners delight. The price of hardware is different and can range from 2-3 rubles to several thousand rubles apiece, but they are often sold in kilograms.
Fasteners are designed for specific materials and parts. So, using certain types of fasteners, you can connect metal with drywall, two metal products or metal with wooden parts.
To qualitatively assemble and install interior elements, furniture fasteners are used. Depending on the place of fixation and the method of connection, there are several varieties. These elements allow not only to facilitate the assembly and installation procedure, but will also be invisible after the process is completed.
The design and type of fasteners will depend on the purpose of the furniture on which it is fixed. Elements can fasten the product inside, creating its frame, as well as fasten the base of the furniture to the wall or floor. Today, the following types of fasteners are used:
- Furniture corner;
- Confirmant;
- Shkant;
- Ties;
- Shelf holders;
Each of these species has its own characteristics and features that distinguish them from each other. To find out which element is needed to assemble furniture, it is recommended to consider in detail the advantages and disadvantages of each category.
furniture corner
Such an element belongs to a simple and outdated type of furniture fastener. It would seem that if the item is outdated, then why talk about it? It's simple - such a corner is useful for beginner assemblers. He will also become an assistant in the independent design of furniture products and subsequent assembly. In addition, no special equipment or skills are required for its installation. According to the production material, 2 types of furniture corners are distinguished:
- Plastic - fastened with self-tapping screws, has a more miniature appearance and relatively light weight. It is convenient to use such a corner for screeding light furniture panels or for supporting furniture parts;
- Metal - has stiffeners and is produced at an angle of 90 degrees. To fix the part, plastic or metal screws and couplings are used. Holes are located on one side of the corner, grooves are on the opposite side.
Such fasteners are used for screeding the roof or bottom of a sliding wardrobe with its walls or when assembling cabinet kitchen furniture. Plastic options are equipped with a special plug that gives the product a finished look. Metal are considered affordable and very durable. Of the minuses of fastening, one can single out the gradual loosening of surfaces fixed with the help of corners, as well as an unattractive appearance.
Plastic
Confirmate
This name is commonly used to refer to ordinary screws for furniture. In another way, they are called euro screws, as well as euro screws. Fasteners are easy to install and do not require precision; a screwdriver or drill is needed to fix it. In the head of the screw there is a hole for a hex key, which is also necessary for work.
To install this part, it is necessary to drill two holes: one in the end of the part, and the other in the element that will be attached. The simplicity of assembling furniture with the help of a confirmation allows the furniture maker to drill holes on the spot. It takes a minimum of time to complete the job. You can simplify the process as much as possible if you use a special drill for confirmation for installation. However, many furniture makers claim that over time this fixture becomes loose, and the cutters become clogged with wood shavings. Therefore, for frequent use, standard drills are used.
The most popular and used confirmation is the size of 7x50 mm. Below are the pros and cons of using this fastener.
Based on this information, it is worth noting that these furniture mounts are comfortable and reliable. But if you can use them, then it is better to give preference to an eccentric screed.
Shkant
Hidden fasteners are a feature of furniture assembled with dowels. This is a small wooden cylinder, its dimensions are often 35x8 mm. The first number indicates the height of the element, and the second indicates the diameter of the fastener. The essence of fastening with dowels is as follows:
- Holes are drilled in each of the two parts;
- The holes must be coaxial - that is, coincide in the location of the axis;
- A dowel is inserted into one hole, which only goes halfway deep;
- On the protruding from the furniture piece, the second piece of furniture is mounted - this is how their screed occurs.
In order for the connection to have increased strength, the hole is treated with PVA glue, which additionally fixes the dowels and makes them immobile. A big plus of this type of furniture fastener is that it remains invisible: it cannot be seen from the outside or from the inside. The dowel connection has some disadvantages: it is done once, so it is extremely difficult to disassemble such furniture without damage. The second disadvantage is that precise drilling of holes is required for a perfect fit of the two components. This nuance gives rise to the need for the use of special devices.
Devices for installing dowels are called conductors. They are factory or homemade. The former are considered the best in quality, but the latter can be made independently.
Screeds
To date, there are two main types of furniture screed - eccentric and intersectional. It is necessary to consider in more detail each of these types separately:
- Eccentric coupler - this element is used only in the conditions of factory assembly of furniture. To put it on a furniture board, you must use a device for drilling an exact hole. The main advantage of such fasteners is the ability to remain invisible, then the furniture acquires a neat and attractive appearance. Another advantage, compared with confirmations, is that such furniture fasteners allow you to assemble and disassemble furniture several times without losing rigidity. In addition, with the help of an eccentric tie, it is possible to fasten parts at an angle;
- Intersection screed - represented by a screw and a nut, with the help of which two perpendicular furniture elements are pulled together. It is convenient to fix the headboard and the bottom of the bed, as well as the tabletops, with an intersectional screed. It is necessary to choose fasteners based on the dimensions of the thickness of the chipboard.
The most popular size of ties is 32 mm, but this figure can reach 50 mm.
Eccentric
Intersectional
Shelf holders
A large number of shelf holders allows us to divide them into 2 subgroups: for parts made of chipboard and glass. In furniture stores you can find many models where glass is in harmony with a wooden base. To qualitatively pull together two materials of different composition, shelf holders are used.
Each of the types can be separately divided into two more categories: with and without fixation. Let's take a closer look at how to fix glass in furniture, as well as how to use a shelf support for chipboard.
When installing shelves in a cabinet or cabinet, you can not do without shelf holders. They should ideally fit the style of furniture, combined with the general principles of the interior.
Previously, the bolt-nut system was widely used to fix furniture parts. With such a connection, a hole was drilled in both surfaces, where the bolt was threaded. On the other side of the cabinet wall, this bolt was fixed with a nut. Today, a screw with a nut is also used - it is the simplest type of connection for furniture parts. The screw is equipped with a semicircular head, which, after being connected to the nut, does not scroll, but remains motionless. This fastener is easy to use, but with the advent of new materials, it has faded into the background. Bolts with nuts are suitable for use by craftsmen at the initial level of assembly.
The advantages of such fasteners are:
- Possibility of self-assembly;
- Availability of parts;
- Possibility of reusable assembly and disassembly of furniture.
Among the minuses, one can single out the visibility of the mounts, which is why they have ceased to be relevant. Another significant drawback is the ability to connect only parallel surfaces.
Types, depending on the material to which it is attached
Modern manufacturers today use not only chipboard for the manufacture of furniture. Glass, metal parts, as well as plastic elements are widely used. Fasteners for furniture made of chipboard have been considered throughout the material, and options for screeding items from other raw materials are discussed below:
- Glass - self-tapping screw holders are used, which are screwed into a wall of concrete or drywall. With their help, shelves and mirror surfaces are fixed without damaging the coating of the part. For glass doors on the cabinet, the use of furniture hinges is suitable;
- Metal - screw fasteners are used to connect the shelves of metal racks. They are screwed into the racks with a drill or screwdriver. An attractive plug is installed on the front side;
- Plastic - plastic parts can be fixed with any chipboard fastener.
Separately, it is worth highlighting the dovetail mount - it is used to connect boxes. The essence of the connection is to cut out a comb surface on each part, which is inserted into another part, as a result, end-to-end fixation is obtained. Choose only the type of attachment that suits you best. Before buying, be sure to calculate the thickness of the material so that during the assembly process, screws and self-tapping screws do not protrude on the surface.
Interstate standard GOST 27017-86 fully complies with ISO 1891-79 and should be used in conjunction with GOST 11708-82 “Thread. Terms and Definitions".
Bolt- a fastener with a metric external thread in the form of a rod or cylinder, with a head on the opposite end. The bolt head can be hexagonal, cylindrical - imbus bolt, or spherical - furniture bolt. Bolts form a connection using a nut or a prepared threaded hole in the product to be joined. Bolts come with full or partial threads.
Screw- one of the fasteners designed to form a connection and fixation. It is made in the form of a cylinder with an external thread and a structural element on the other, to transmit the translational movement of torque. Heads come with a spitz, knurled or just a slot in the end of the rod in the absence of a head.
Screw (Wood screw)- a popular fastener, in everyday life it is called a self-tapping screw. It has the form of a pointed, conical rod with an external special thread, and a head at the other end. The screw thread has a large root width compared to the width of a tooth with a triangular pointed profile. A thread is formed in the hole of the wooden or plastic product to be connected by screwing.
Hairpin (Stud)- a fastener in the form of a rod or a cylindrical rod with an external thread cut along the entire length of the product or only at the ends on both sides.
Pin- a special fastener having the form of a cylindrical or conical rod. It is intended for fixing various products in the assembly process.
Nut- a fastener with a metric threaded hole. For a constructive transmission of torque, nuts can be multi-sided, hexagonal, knurled on the side surfaces, with a slot, end and radial holes, etc. The design of the nut can be different: cap, extension nut (coupling), mustache, etc.
Washer- type of fastener, a product with a hole placed on the head of a bolt, screw or nut to increase the supporting surface of the fastener structure and prevent self-unscrewing.
Split pin- a special fastener is a form of a wire rod of a semicircular cross section, folded in half at the bend to form a head.
Rivet- a fastener of a smooth cylindrical shape in the form of a rod with a head, used to obtain a permanent connection, forming a head at the opposite end of the rod through plastic deformation.
Hardware- abbreviated phrase "metal products". The concept of Hardware, combines a very wide range of different goods obtained and made of metal. Conditionally divided by purpose: general purpose and industrial.
General purpose hardware- metal products used in everyday life: scissors and knives, agricultural items: pitchforks, shovels, rakes, various saws, hacksaws and much more.
Industrial hardware- metal wire, steel ropes, steel tape, nails, metal mesh, spring washers, split pins, crutches and rivets used in railway construction, railway rails, telegraph hooks.
fasteners- this is a type of product that allows you to fasten parts together. The more durable the material from which the various fasteners are made, the strength and durability of the product as a whole depends.
In general, such a concept as fasteners appeared long before the reckoning and our birth. For example, historians and archaeologists say that the first nail was not metal at all, but from fish bone, sometimes from plant thorns, or simply carved from hardwood. By the way, the original building fasteners were wooden and at the same time quite strong, as evidenced by the structures of Kizhi that have survived to this day and still amaze tourists with their fortress. At the same time, until the 15th century, inclusive, all threaded connections were made individually, manually. At the same time, the bolt and nut were quite expensive and one nut fit only one bolt. Bolts and nuts, as the most effective and time-tested fasteners in the form of a bolted joint, became widespread along with the development of electrical metalworking.
The main types of building fasteners and fasteners indispensable in the construction of buildings and repair work in the premises.
Construction fasteners- the direction of fasteners used in construction to connect building structures and various structures. This group includes such fasteners: self-tapping screws, bolts, screws, anchors, studs, nuts, clamps, couplers, nails, screws, dowels, screws, cotter pins, washers and similar products.
Metric fasteners- these are fasteners of a product that have a thread pitch of a certain size (thread pitch is a rule for determining a particular distance between any two points). This type of fastener includes bolts, nuts, screws, studs.
Stainless fasteners has a high degree of corrosion resistance and thus has an advantage over other types of fasteners. Corrosion resistance under adverse conditions for stainless fasteners is much higher, in addition, it perfectly resists oxidation in alkaline, acidic environments, and in chloride solutions.
Due to the long service life of hardened stainless steel fasteners, they are classified as high-strength fasteners. High strength fasteners one of the types of machine-building fasteners, so called because it can withstand more significant loads and has a strength class of 8.8, 10.9, 12.9, does not lose its strength characteristics at high temperatures.
Anchor- a fastener of the category of building fasteners, there are varieties: anchor bolt and anchor nut. The anchor is able to stay inside foundations or a solid wall, (strong, inelastic, non-fragile construction). Designed for fastening construction and other equipment as well as various designs. Anchors are usually used in all construction subjects, from dams, nuclear power plants, to a typical building, inclusive.
Classical dowel used for fastening any parts in a solid, non-fragile and durable wall or ceiling panel. The principle of fixing the dowel is a thrust during installation from a screw or screw, which causes a holding force of friction.
collar- another type of fastener. Clamps are mostly made for connecting any types of pipes made of metal and plastic. Plastic clamps are used for fixing less durable material than metal clamps, however, they provide greater pipe mobility.
Modern construction rigging makes it possible to choose fasteners for various types of construction work. Such a type of rigging as an eye nut and an eye bolt are used to organize the lifting and movement of goods during lifting and rigging operations. A steel rope or cable is used for lifting heavy objects in construction, these positions are an important part of the current hoisting mechanism, both for hand hoists and for cranes. The chain is also one of the types of rigging. Steel chains are used in various lifting mechanisms, from manual to cranes. Steel chains, like steel ropes, are used to lift and move loads for various purposes and structures.
Each fastener is made for specific purposes, so there are a great many types of fasteners, because fasteners are developed and used for a specific material and from specific parts. For example, using certain types of fasteners, you can connect metal to drywall, metal to metal, metal to gypsum fiber, and metal to wood.
Alternative types of connections have both advantages and disadvantages. For example, the so-called "liquid nails" - due to the ease of fastening, it is really easy to connect the parts together. However, what is glued together cannot last happily ever after. Glue - has a chance to peel off in one day, that's why it's glue! Fasteners or hardware has not been canceled!
Loading...