Difficult to find production or household where not used various gases. At production sites, gases are used for cutting and welding metals. In this article we will look at one of the characteristics of a gas cylinder - volume.
In everyday life it is used for cooking and heating homes.
To store and transport gases, containers made of metal or composite are used.
The container for storing and transporting technical gas is a cylinder a certain shape and a volume in which there is a hole in the upper part for installing a valve.
The delivery set of gas tanks includes:
- valve;
- prefabricated body consisting of a shell, upper and lower bottom. For the manufacture of vessels, high-quality steel or composite materials are used;
- shoe - a support designed to allow the container to be installed in a vertical position;
- protective cap is a cylinder design element that protects the valve from damage during transportation and operation.
Sometimes a gearbox may be included in the package. This is what is called a pressure regulating device.
Gas leaves the cylinder through the valve. This device consists of a body made of metal, a valve, and a control steering wheel. The body is made in the form of a tee. One part is designed to install it in a container. The other one is for securing the control valve stem and the side one is for installing the plug.
The valve includes a stem and a valve. It is the valve that controls the movement of gas through the valve. The rod serves to transmit torque from the control wheel to the valve.
In fact, the cylinder resembles an ordinary lighter. Inside the container there is gas in two states of aggregation. In the lower part of the volume there is liquid, in the upper part there is gas.
In order to know what gas is in the cylinders, they are colored different colors and put the name of the technical gas. For example, oxygen cylinders are painted blue and labeled “OXYGEN.”
Metal and composite gas cylinders
On the territory of our country there are several GOSTs regulating technical specifications to gas containers. In particular, GOST 949-73 regulates standards for steel vessels with a volume of 0.4 to 50 liters and operating at pressures from 9.8 to 19.6 MPa.
Metal cylinders are rightfully considered the optimal solution to the problem of storage and transportation technical gases. For the production of cylinders, low-carbon or alloy steel alloys are used. Cylinders are produced with a volume from 5 to 50 liters and a weight from 4 to 22 kg. Containers with a volume of 50 liters must be installed outdoors in a metal box specially made for this purpose. Containers with a smaller volume can be installed indoors, for example, in a garage or repair shop.
In addition to cylinders made of steel, products made of composites are used for storing and transporting gas.
They have the following advantages:
- Light weight, the difference between cylinders of the same volume can reach 70%.
- Increased resistance to shock loads. Explosion proof, even when exposed to open flame.
- The design of the composite cylinder is made in such a way that gas leakage is practically impossible.
- The polymer materials used in the manufacture of the cylinder eliminate the occurrence of corrosion and the formation of sparks.
- Composite vessels have an interesting appearance.
For the manufacture of cylinders of this type, fiberglass and epoxy resins are used.
It should be noted that over time the vessel may change its color, but this does not affect its performance properties.
To provide safe operation polymer vessels the following measures have been taken:
- Installing an overpressure relief valve.
- Installation of a melting insert.
As the temperature rises, the gas begins to increase in volume and, as a result, its excess is formed. They create excess pressure on the vessel. Designed to eliminate excess pressure safety valve. It opens when a certain pressure level is reached.
Under the influence elevated temperature, the pressure inside the vessel increases in the same way, in this case the fuse-link is triggered. The insert will melt and form a hole through which excess gas escapes. But, after the fuse link has tripped, the container must be disposed of.
Containers of different sizes made from composite materials, designed to operate at temperatures from -40 to +60 degrees.
The design, volume and marking of gas vessels are regulated by GOST 15860-84 (steel cylinders), GOST R 55559-2013 (composite vessels).
Specifications
The technical parameters of the vessel for storing and transporting certain volumes of gas are indicated in the technical passport. In particular, it should reflect the following data:
- Serial number assigned to the vessel at the manufacturer;
- Actual volume in liters;
- The actual mass of the empty vessel in kilograms;
- Working and test pressure in atmospheres;
- Date of release and next re-examination;
- Code - the mark of the manufacturer or certified laboratory where the recertification was performed.
One of the most widely used gases is probably propane. It is used both in industry and in everyday life. Both steel and composite vessels are used to deliver this gas. The industry produces steel vessels with a volume of 5, 12, 27, 50 liters. Propane containers are painted red, with the inscription “PROPANE” on the side surface, and the height of the letters must be at least 60 mm.
The weight of a metal cylinder with a minimum volume of 5 liters is 4 kg.
The vessels have the following dimensions from 200 to 299 mm, with a height from 290 to 930 mm.
The volume of a gas cylinder made of composite materials intended for propane ranges from 0.5 to 150 liters with a working pressure of 2 MPa. At the same time, cylinders used for automotive gas treatment operate under pressure up to 30 MPa. The volume of such a gas cylinder ranges from 47 to 180 liters. The diameter of such cylinders ranges from 326 to 398 mm, length ranges from 840 to 2000 mm. The dimensions of the cylinders depend on the volume of the vessel.
There are certain relationships between the volume of a cylinder and its weight. So, 21.2 kg of gas can be stored in a 50-liter cylinder, and 2 kg of gas in a five-liter vessel.
When using compressed gas containers, you must comply certain rules security.
In particular, the following must not be allowed:
- Gas leaks through joints and threaded connections and the formation of an explosive mixture with air.
- Thermal effects on containers, which can lead to an increase in gas volume and pressure inside the container.
- Impact-type mechanical influences that can damage the walls of the container.
Safety regulations require that containers be transported with protective caps installed on them.
Vessels containing gas can be transported from place to place in a horizontal or vertical position. But at the same time, it is necessary to ensure protection against spontaneous movement of containers inside the body.
It is unacceptable to throw gas containers and hit them against hard objects.
It is unacceptable to store a gas container in a residential area. Ideally, the gas container should be stored in a separate iron box.
Storage of gas cylinders in production
Buildings for storing containers with technical gas at the production site should be no higher than one floor and not have an attic. Such structures must be made of non-combustible materials. Windows and doors should be equipped with frosted or evenly colored White color glasses. This is necessary to diffuse direct sunlight.
Premises where gas containers are stored must be equipped with constant ventilation. Storage rules gas cylinders require that in a warehouse where gases are stored it is necessary to constantly check the air quality for the presence of foreign impurities. If a dangerous concentration of gases in the air reaches, the room must be checked, and containers with gas must be removed from the warehouse.
During the operation of cylinders it is unacceptable:
- Use cylinders that have expired the test period; there are no installation marks on their surface; the valve or body is damaged.
- Carrying out independent repairs or painting of cylinders and fittings installed on them.
- Warm up the gearbox using an open flame. This operation can only be performed using hot water.
- Work near cylinders in oily clothes, etc.
Is it possible to determine the remaining liquefied gas in a propane-butane cylinder by pressure?
Unfortunately no. The fact is that the pressure in the cylinder determines the vapor above the liquid, and it has a constant value regardless of the volume of the latter.
In order to determine the remaining gas in the cylinder, it must be weighed.
The safety rules that must be studied before connecting a gas cylinder to the stove are set out in SNiP 42-01-2002. Before connecting the container to the gas stove, you need to perform several preparatory operations.
The entire connection process must take place with a thorough inspection of each part:
- Inspect all the parts that are involved in the connection. On them, especially on the ground threaded connections there should be no contamination or traces of corrosion.
- It is necessary to inspect the hose especially carefully. In general, when connecting, it is advisable to use a special sleeve purchased for this purpose. In addition to the fact that it must be of a strictly defined length, there should be no cracks or other defects on its surface. In addition, it must not be twisted during assembly.
Connecting the gas cylinder to the stove is carried out in the following order:
- Install the gas stove in a predetermined place. The container is placed either in another room or at a distance from the stove body of at least one meter.
- The container must be installed on a level place; to increase the stability of the cylinder, it is advisable to install a fence made of slats for it.
- Before connecting the hose to the stove, you need to prepare a fum tape. Wrap it around the thread and attach the hose to the entrance to the stove.
- Before connecting the stove to the cylinder, it is necessary to install a reducer on it. People call this device a “frog”.
- Connection gas stove to the balloon is performed using a sleeve.
All connections must be made airtight.
After the system is assembled, it is necessary to check the quality of the assembly. The easiest way is to use soap foam. That is, it is necessary to apply soap suds to the joints, and if bubbles appear, it is necessary to disassemble the joint and reassemble it again.
Features of the behavior of gas cylinders in a fire
If a container of gas enters a fire, it heats up. As a result, the liquid in the cylinder boils and leads to an increase in pressure. In addition, the cylinder is heated unevenly and this weakens its strength. All this leads to rupture of the cylinder body.
By the way, the peculiarities of the behavior of gas cylinders in the source of fire include the following - if a container with a volume of 50 liters gets into the source of the fire, then depressurization and explosion will occur in 3.5 minutes. In this case, fragments can fly up to a distance of 200 meters.
Service life of gas cylinders
In GOST 15860, the service life of gas cylinders with a working pressure of 1.6 MPa is defined as 40 years, and it must undergo re-examination.
Meanwhile, there is a concept - operational life, which should in no case be confused with warranty. As a rule, it is 20 years.
Manufacturers set operational periods on the basis of Order No. 485, which recommends setting such a period at 20 years.
Offers from Leader-gaz LLC for refilling gas cylinders:
1) Delivery of filled gas cylinders to the buyer’s place. In this case, the buyer must first submit an application and pay for his order. Delivery is made when the number of filled cylinders is at least five.
2) Refilling gas cylinders on the territory of Leader-Gaz LLC. IN in this case The buyer independently transports gas cylinders and agrees on the time for refilling the cylinders.
3) Exchange of filled cylinders at specialized cylinder exchange points. In this case, the buyer gives away his empty cylinders and receives filled cylinders in return. Addresses of exchange points: Ekaterinburg st. Mostovaya 17 A. and the Village of Gorny Shchit, the “Collective Farm Yard” market. If the buyer's gas cylinders have a malfunction or the inspection period has expired, he will need to pay for the services for the inspection of gas cylinders.
Refilling household gas cylinders.
Is it possible to refill the cylinder at gas stations?
Are you deciding where to refill your gas cylinder? Is it possible to refill gas cylinders at car gas stations, since car gas cylinders are refilled there?
A multivalve is installed on a car gas cylinder. The multivalve stops gas supply to the cylinder when the filling level reaches 85%. Thanks to the multi-valve, there is no excess pressure in the car gas cylinder. Household gas cylinders are not equipped with protective multi-valves, so they need to be refilled only in specialized weighing systems.
Why is it dangerous? overpressure gas in a cylinder? Because gas has a high expansion coefficient, and when heated it can pump high pressure in a cylinder, exceeding technically acceptable standards. As an example, the following information can be provided. If a charged 50 liter propane gas cylinder is exposed to an open fire, the excess pressure ruptures the cylinder and it flies more than 250 meters. To avoid turning a cylinder into a destructive missile, do not charge it at gas stations! Cylinders must be filled at the weighing station to a level of 85%.
At gas stations, liquid gas is sold in liters, not kilograms, which makes it difficult to understand how much gas is actually filled into the cylinder. Meters at gas stations have an error, because... they break very often, so this error is adjusted not in favor of the buyer.
To check how much gas is left in the cylinder, you can use a regular home scale. The information below will help you calculate the amount of gas in the cylinder.
Frequently asked questions about gas cylinders: How many liters of propane are in 1 kg? Propane cylinder weight? How much does 1 liter of propane weigh? how many kg of gas are in a 50 liter cylinder? where to fill a propane tank?
How many kilograms liquefied gas can be filled into a cylinder, how much gas is in the cylinder:
Propane cylinder holds 50 liters up to 23 kg. Gas, we recommend 20 kg.
The propane cylinder holds 27 liters up to 12.5 kg. Gas, we recommend 10 kg.
Propane cylinder holds 12 liters up to 5.5 kg. Gas, we recommend 5 kg.
Propane cylinder holds 5 liters up to 2.3 kg. Gas, we recommend 2 kg.
How much does an empty (empty) gas cylinder weigh:
A 50 liter propane cylinder weighs 22 kg. Net weight
A 27 liter propane cylinder weighs 14.5 kg. Net weight
A 12 liter propane cylinder weighs 6 kg. Net weight
A 5 liter propane cylinder weighs 4 kg. Net weight
What to do if the gas cylinder runs out?
The pressure in a 50 l gas cylinder is 1.6 MPa
When the gas in the cylinder runs out, the pressure in it becomes equal to atmospheric pressure. To prevent air from getting into it, you need to turn off the tap, screw on the plug and cap and take it to a gas cylinder exchange point. By paying money to refill the cylinder, you receive a new refilled gas cylinder and confidence in its reliability and safety.
How is gas cylinders professionally refilled?
The empty gas cylinder is weighed, visually measured, and degassed (that is, non-evaporated gas residues are drained). The operator records the tare weight and cylinder number according to the passport data. The cylinder is placed on a weighing filling platform for filling, then the filling data is recorded in a log.
Why is it best to refill a gas cylinder at Leader-Gaz LLC?
1) The Leader-Gaz LLC company works seven days a week, so you can refill a gas cylinder on Saturday and Sunday;
2) The gas cylinder exchange point is located at the Kolkhozny Dvor market, so several problems can be solved here at once. This includes exchanging the gas cylinder and buying a new gearbox, gas meter, buy gas equipment for your car, look at building materials, rent electrical equipment or buy something for the garden; In Yekaterinburg there is also a cylinder exchange point for Leader-gaz LLC; it is located at Mostovaya Street 17 A (near the Patra plant). Please note that the address is determined incorrectly by the navigator. Use your navigator to indicate the address Mostovaya 19!
3) Leader-Gaz LLC is not only a trading company, but also a manufacturing company. The company provides installation and repair services gas equipment, installation gas heating, installation of gas equipment on a car, autonomous gasification of the house. Working with Leader-gaz LLC, you can get a full range of gas services by contacting one organization, while saving your time.
4) High quality. The main activity of Leader-Gaz LLC is refilling gas cylinders. Published: 02/12/2018 09:26
The weight of a gas cylinder depends on several parameters:
- volume (the most common household containers are 50L gas cylinders and 27L gas cylinders),
- the material from which the container is made (a metal gas cylinder will weigh more than a polymer-composite cylinder),
- percentage of propane and butane in the gas mixture.
An empty propane cylinder (often abbreviated as liquefied hydrocarbon gas - propane-butane mixture) with a volume of 50 liters, made of metal, weighs 22 kg (a 27 liter metal cylinder weighs 14.5 kg.)
The weight of the filled cylinder depends on the percentage concentration of gases in the mixture, as well as on the temperature of these gases. It is worth remembering that the maximum filling level of the cylinder is no more than 85% of its volume. This standard must be observed, since propane-butane, being in a liquid state in the tank, has two stages - liquid, in which it is most of gas, and gaseous. As the liquid evaporates, it turns into a gas and occupies a larger volume, but is still inside the filled gas cylinder.
Thus, the gas puts more pressure on the walls of the vessel, which, in the case of an overfilled propane tank, can lead to an explosion.
That is, a 50-liter propane gas cylinder can hold no more than 50 * 0.85 = 42.5 liters of gas (a 27-liter cylinder can hold no more than 22.95 liters).
Now let's look at the weight of the container. The weight of a propane tank is the weight of the propane tank itself added to the weight of the gas inside it. The mass of gas is calculated using the formula – gas volume * gas density. The density of the contents of a 50l gas cylinder is not constant and depends on two parameters:
- percentage of propane and butane,
- temperature of the gas mixture.
Below is a table of the density of the propane-butane mixture depending on the air temperature (measured in o C) and the percentage of the pair of two gases in the resulting liquefied mixture.
Density table g A behind.
The top line shows the ambient temperature (in o C), the left column shows the percentage ratio of propane-butane (that is, “90/10” means that the mixture contains 90% propane and 10% butane). At the intersection of the ratio and temperature values is the density of the mixture.
Calculation for a 50L propane cylinder:
The summer mixture most often contains 50% of both gases, that is, at a temperature of 15 o C, we multiply the volume of gas in a propane cylinder by 0.543. The mass of the propane cylinder is:
m= 22kg + 42.5l * 0.543kg/l = 45.078kg
Calculation for a 27l cylinder:
The winter mixture is 90% propane and 10% butane. At a temperature of -10 o C, we multiply the volume of gas in the container (for a 27 liter cylinder this is 22.95 liters) by 0.548.
m= 14.5kg + 22.95l * 0.548kg/l = 27.077kg
Friends, if you have a need for gas cylinders for work or heating your home, our company will always be happy to help you with the delivery and refilling of gas cylinders. And today everyone was happy to help you. Subscribe to our articles and you will always know the answers to your questions...
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