Heating boiler piping diagram. Docking with an indirect heating boiler

Heating appliances are designed to make life easier, to make living in the house comfortable. Why carry firewood and buy coal? It is much more convenient to connect a gas boiler to a common line. It can be mounted both wall-mounted and floor-mounted. But how to competently organize heating so that the coolant diverges evenly throughout the system? How can you save on fuel consumption? Gas boiler piping schemes will help you.

What does the harness include

How does the system usually work? It is based on a heating boiler, from which the coolant diverges through pipes and radiators. The piping is a wiring diagram that protects against overheating and guarantees efficient operation. It includes elements that are between the radiators and the boiler:

Pipes, divided into two circuits of the supply and return lines.
Shut-off valves, fittings.
Expansion tank. Its volume is equal to 10% of the total amount of coolant in the system. As the water heats up, it expands and the pressure rises. So that the value does not exceed the critical level, excess liquid is taken into the membrane tank. After cooling, the water returns to the circuit again.
Safety valve. It has the same function as the expansion tank. Discharges excess water into the sewer, preventing an explosion when the pressure rises.
Air vent. Air locks interfere with the circulation of the coolant. The air vent automatically releases air from the system.
pressure gauge- a device for measuring and controlling pressure.
Circulation pump. Responsible for the forced movement of fluid through the pipes. The force of pressure, productivity depends on its power.
Hydrogun- these are pipes that have combined into a common container. With a hydraulic gun, you can connect several circuits at the same time, avoiding their influence on each other.
coarse filter. Fine mesh detail. Detains debris that comes with tap water (sand, rust).

Automation is installed to control the operation of a gas and electric boiler. This is a set of sensors for ionization, draft, ignition, temperature. Each of them controls the operation of a separate node.

The more complex the piping scheme, the more the efficiency of the boiler for a private house or apartment increases.

Strapping schemes

To understand how to make the connection correctly, pay attention to the type of boiler. The connection of a single-circuit and a double-circuit unit will be different. The simplest piping does not include a pump. The design uses only shut-off valves and a filter. This is a financially economical approach, but it does not provide an even distribution of the coolant.

With your own hands, it is easier to connect with polypropylene. Pipes made of this material are cheap and easy to install. In addition, plaque and scale do not accumulate on their walls. You can assemble a contour of any shape, the connections are made by the "American" drive. Paronite is used as gaskets.

One-pipe (simple) scheme

The instruction is suitable for single-circuit boilers "", "", "" and other brands. The design provides for one pipe, which departs from the body along the floor level. The batteries are connected in series, which reduces the heating efficiency (especially since the bundle does not turn on the pump).

Advantages of a natural circulation plant:

Easy installation.
Independence of heating from the availability of electricity (the pump requires a connection to the network).
Minimum costs for materials and arrangement.

The picture below shows the connection already with a pump and forced circulation.

Two-pipe installation

How to tie a double-circuit boiler? It includes a supply line that goes up (riser) and turns under the ceiling. This is the main pipe, from which the fork diverges separately for each radiator. The discharge pipe is located at the floor line. Each battery is connected to it by a branch pipe. It is this organization that allows you to evenly distribute the coolant, which means that you can effectively heat the room.

In one-story houses, it is possible to equip a heating system with natural circulation. But in multi-storey buildings, only the option with a pump is used. What you need during installation:

pump (usually comes with the boiler);
distribution valve;
membrane tank;
stop valves;
filters;
check valve;
adapters, tee.

Heating boiler piping - a set of equipment necessary for connecting a heat generator to a water heating and hot water supply system. If necessary, additional circuits can be added: heating water in the pool, air in the supply and exhaust ventilation, etc.

What is included in the harness

In addition to the heat generator itself, the piping necessarily includes:

Shut-off valves - valves allow you to shut off the supply and return pipelines, disconnecting the equipment for repair and service work from the line with the coolant.
The expansion tank, open or closed (depending on the type of system), compensates for the thermal expansion of the coolant.
Safety group - in case of exceeding the pressure in the system more critical (usually due to overheating), it bleeds the volume of coolant necessary to normalize the pressure.
Supply and return pipelines supplying the coolant to the heat generator and connecting the piping to the circuits.
A make-up tap is needed to replenish the system with coolant. Although, in the open version, it may not be: instead of the evaporated volume, the liquid can be added through an expansion tank located at the top point, often in the attic.
Ventilators to bleed air from the system.

In addition to the above, the piping of the heating boiler may include: a circulation pump, hydraulic arrows, heat exchangers, control devices. Connecting the heat generator to hot water supply is also considered a piping element, it is determined by the type of boiler and the presence of a boiler.

Note: many gas and electric heat generators are already equipped with additional equipment, built-in pumps, a boiler, and a security group.

What the binding scheme does not depend on

First, let's say what the heating boiler piping scheme does not depend on. As for the hydraulic part, it does not matter the type of fuel or energy that the heat generator uses. The piping schemes for a gas, electric and solid fuel heating boiler are no different. At the inlet / outlet of the coolant, there is not much difference whether pellets serve as a source of energy, gas or diesel fuel. In complex systems, specialists take into account the type of heat generator when choosing a rational piping scheme, but this difference is insignificant. Also, in addition to the configuration, the piping of the floor and wall heating boiler does not affect anything. But single-circuit and double-circuit boilers for piping are different in terms of connection to the hot water supply system.

What does the binding scheme depend on

Mainly, the piping scheme of the heating boiler and the composition of the equipment determines the structure of the system as a whole: whether it is open or closed, the presence of a water heater, underfloor heating, additional circuits, etc. The functionality and scheme of the system as a whole dictate the heat generator piping scheme in particular.

Depending on the total complexity of the system and its mode of operation, the connection (hydraulic decoupling) of the boiler to the heating circuit can be carried out in several ways:

Connecting directly

Direct connection is suitable for simple systems without underfloor heating. The main pipeline of the circuit through which the coolant circulates passes directly through the heat generator. Intermediate devices are not provided. Strapping, made in a straight line, is simple, inexpensive. In the event that the boiler is equipped with the necessary equipment (pump, expansion tank, safety group), the piping may consist only of pipelines connecting the heat generator to the system, shut-off valves and a make-up valve.

Direct connection is used in private houses and apartments with radiator heating

Connection via low loss header

In those systems where there are heating circuits with different heating temperatures (in the underfloor heating circuit it is 30-50 ºС lower than in radiators), direct connection may cause inconsistency in the operation of individual subsystems due to their mutual influence. As a result, the temperature regime in various circuits and rooms will not be sufficiently stable. To avoid this, the heat generator is connected to the system through a thermo-hydraulic separator (hydraulic arrow).

In the diagram, the heating circuit is conditionally shown as a single one, in practice there can be quite a lot of them

Scheme of a relatively complex system in a private residential building, the piping of a gas heating boiler is connected through a thermo-hydraulic arrow to three heating circuits, which, in turn, divide the flows through the devices thanks to distribution manifolds

To put it simply, a hydraulic arrow is a large-diameter pipe with pipes connected to it both from the supply / return line of the boiler, and from all heating circuits. The separator is designed to provide complete hydraulic decoupling, the optimal mode of operation of the subsystems.

The hydraulic arrow unites the supply and return flows, enabling the coolant in the piping and heating circuits, if necessary, to partially close without interrupting heat exchange

The hydraulic separator can be useful not only in multi-circuit systems. The piping of a solid fuel heating boiler connected through an arrow, even if there is one circuit, partially compensates for the uneven heat generation of a wood-burning boiler.

Connection via heat exchanger

It is possible to connect a heat generator through an additional heat exchanger. The coolant in the heat generator and heating circuits is completely separated and circulates autonomously in its closed circuits without mixing. Energy transfer occurs indirectly. Such a connection is quite rare, but indispensable in cases where a coolant with different freezing temperatures is used in the boiler and heating circuits, or one of the circuits is open and the other is closed. Through the heat exchanger, not the entire system can be connected, but only part of it, for example, heating a greenhouse.

When connected through a heat exchanger, the heat generator and heating circuits must have their own expansion tanks, safety groups, make-up taps, and, if necessary, pumps

A fireplace or fireplace stove with a “water jacket” is best tied in an open circuit. When integrated as additional heating in a modern closed system, the connection is made through a heat exchanger.

Scheme of connecting a fireplace with a "water jacket" (1) through a heat exchanger (24) to a heating system with its own boiler (15). Thermo-hydraulic decoupling of both heat generators with heating circuits is carried out through a hydraulic switch (9)

Hot water connection (DHW)

Double-circuit boilers, the second circuit of which is intended for the needs of hot water, can be connected to hot water in any of the above ways, in most cases the most rational is direct.
Single-circuit, integrated with an indirect storage water heater, allow you to get more comfortable and economical hot water supply. If there are more than two or three points of water intake in the house, the water temperature in all mixers will be the same and stable, there is no danger of overheating.

The scheme for connecting a storage boiler to a single-circuit boiler is a connection option through a heat exchanger

For those of our readers who are thinking about installing a boiler room on their own, we advise you to be careful about the numerous articles on the Internet on the topic “how to tie a heating boiler”, “tying a heating boiler with polypropylene” and the like. As for polypropylene, it just needs to be used in a limited way in the boiler room. If the heat generator does not operate in low-temperature mode, it is better to make the first meter and a half of supply pipelines from the heat generator from copper or galvanized steel pipes. It is more expensive, but metal is more stable with respect to thermal expansion than plastic. Can I wire the boiler myself? If you have some technical skills in a direct connection scheme - yes, but without work experience you will have to work hard on sealing the connections. For the implementation of complex strapping through a thermal hydraulic separator in multi-circuit systems, without special knowledge, it is better not to take it, it will cost too much to correct errors. Entrust this work to professionals.

Video: home heating systems - piping diagrams

Installation of a gas wall-mounted double-circuit boiler is not the final step that fully ensures the operation of the heating system and the supply of hot water.

The boiler is the most important element of the heating circuit, it provides hot water supply, but it is only a source of thermal energy.

To evenly distribute heating over the entire area of the house, a peripheral part of the system is required, which is mounted based on operating conditions, room configuration and other considerations.

Mistakes made during its creation can negate all the costs of purchasing a boiler, reduce the heating efficiency to a minimum.

Let's consider this question more closely.

Boiler piping is the weight of a complex of pipelines and external components, which is installed by gas boilers and heating appliances. In addition, it is customary to call the strapping the process of mounting the periphery, which forms the outer part of the heating circuit.

Since the boiler is double-circuit, it is necessary to assemble the DHW wiring together with the heating and connect it to the water intake devices. Installation is a responsible and important work that requires the involvement of competent qualified specialists.

Self-piping of the system is also possible if the user has the skills of soldering copper or knows how to handle polypropylene pipelines.

In any case, the result depends on the thoroughness and accuracy of the performer, the level of his training in the creation of heat engineering systems.

Pros and cons

The advantages include:

It becomes possible to supply thermal energy to the premises through the circulation of the coolant.
The organization of hot water supply becomes possible.
Some models of boilers do not have built-in circulation pumps. Strapping allows you to use external devices that completely solve the problem.
Improving the efficiency and economy of the boiler and the entire system.

The need for careful design of the heating circuit.
It is necessary to carry out a complex complex and time-consuming work.
For strapping, you have to involve experienced specialists.

Despite the existence of some shortcomings, the operation of the system without strapping is impossible. Therefore, the main task is competent design and high-quality work of installers..

NOTE!

All attempts to minimize labor costs or financial costs in this case are dangerous - they can lead to the destruction or unproductive operation of the system.

What elements does the schema contain

The strapping scheme is a complex composed of the following elements:

Circulation pump.
Valves for various purposes (safety, check, distribution, etc.).
Expansion tank.
Ball valves - drain, balancing, etc.
Pressure gauge.
Filters for purification of liquid from firm particles.

As a rule, most of these components are built into the wall-mounted double-circuit boiler, and there is no need to duplicate them in the external part of the system. Elements such as a circulation pump, an expansion tank, all taps and valves are initially present in the boiler design as components.

A modern unit practically does not need to install external nodes, connecting directly to the system. The exception is non-volatile boilers that are not equipped with a circulation pump and other important elements.

An important element of the strapping are devices for removing air. This function can be performed by a circulation pump, but the efficiency of the process is low and takes a long time.

It is easier to install Mayevsky cranes on radiators and place the supply pipeline in a vertical position (on non-volatile systems). In addition, pressure and temperature control devices are of great importance, providing information about the operation of the system.

Shut-off valves allow you to adjust or cut off the lines of the system in case of emergency situations.

What materials are used

Materials for the manufacture of pipelines in heating systems are:

Steel. In Soviet times, steel pipes were practically the only option. They are cheap, able to withstand high pressure. The disadvantage is the need for welding and the tendency to corrosion and the formation of limescale on the inner walls, which can completely block the cross section of the pipeline. Later, stainless steel pipes appeared, which are not prone to lime deposits and corrosion.
Copper. The most common material for creating piping gas boilers. Connected by soldering, withstands high pressure. Not prone to corrosion or deposits on the inner walls of the tubes.
metal-plastic. Pipes appeared relatively recently. Their main value lies in the ease of installation - it does not require welding, all connections are made with wrenches. metal-plastic pipes have plasticity, which in some cases makes it possible to do without fittings.
Polypropylene. A special soldering iron is used for its installation, but it is inexpensive, like the pipelines themselves. Recently, this material has been actively used to assemble systems in private homes, since such pipes do not burst when frozen. An autonomous system assembled from polypropylene pipes will remain intact in the event of an accident, which is highly appreciated by users. The walls of the pipelines are quite thick, which seems to some to be a drawback.
Low pressure polyethylene (HDPE). These pipes are also not broken by frozen water. However, HDPE pipes are not suitable for the heating system, since they have a low operating temperature. They can only be used for the outside of underfloor heating systems.

The choice of the most suitable material is determined by the capabilities and preferences of the owner of the house.

Piping schemes for a double-circuit wall-mounted boiler

There are several strapping schemes used depending on the type and specific features of the system:

Gravity scheme, which is used in systems with natural circulation of the coolant. Pipelines and radiators are installed with a slope that ensures the movement of hot layers of liquid up, and colder ones - down.
Scheme with a circulation pump. The movement of the coolant is forced, the operation of the system is more stable and efficient. This option is used most often.
Collector scheme. It appeared relatively recently, its difference from the generally accepted options is the connection of the boiler to the collector, from which all lines of the system are fed. Suitable for complex systems consisting of a radiator line and underfloor heating.
Emergency scheme. It is designed for use in the event of a sudden power outage. Usually, the boilers stop working, but if there is an emergency piping scheme, you can use heating on the natural circulation of the coolant.

Both collector and emergency circuits are more expensive and require more labor during assembly. At the same time, they allow you to get a more efficient heating operation and the ability to heat the house during a power outage.

What does the schema depend on?

The choice of piping scheme depends on the configuration of the heating system, its type and composition.

The main influencing factors are:

System type - open or closed.
Is there an additional water heater (boiler).
Are there additional circuits or underfloor heating system.

Depending on the combination of certain elements, different connection methods can be used.:

Direct connection. Used on conventional systems that do not have any add-ons.
With hydraulic separator. This option is necessary if there are several circuits with different temperatures - the underfloor heating system cannot be higher than 30 °, and the radiator circuit requires a much higher temperature.
With additional heat exchanger. This is a method when the coolant from the boiler circulates in a small circle, and outside there is another heat exchanger, where thermal energy is transferred to another. fluid that circulates directly in the system. This option is rare, and is used where different types of coolant are needed (with different freezing temperatures).

The choice of the desired option depends on the configuration and composition of the system. The most commonly used direct connection, which is simple and reliable..

What does not depend on

The piping scheme does not depend on the type of boiler and the type of fuel used. For all types and designs of boilers, the same piping methods are used, regardless of the installation method (floor or wall), the type of fuel (gas, pellets, electricity or diesel), etc.

For complex systems, minor adjustments are sometimes made at the design stage, but they do not play a decisive role and do not change the general principle.

The only difference that is possible is the piping for single- and double-circuit boilers, when either there is or there is no DHW line.

The most popular scheme

Consider the procedure for creating the most popular type of strapping - straight. The most common are volatile boilers, so a piping scheme with an existing circulation pump will be described.

Necessary actions:

Installation of all devices

All radiators, washbasins, bathtubs or showers, kitchen sinks are being installed. It is necessary that by the time the elements of the heating circuit or DHW are connected, all elements are installed and ready for connection.

The readiness of the heating line is especially important, since the DHW circuit works for delivery and can be increased during operation.

Connecting the pipelines of the heating system

All radiators are connected in series with each other by pipelines. One end is connected to the flush line (supply) of the boiler, the other - to the return.

It is important to ensure the tightness and integrity of the system. To eliminate errors, you should constantly check with the piping diagram created during the design of the system.

DHW connection

A pipeline is installed, connected to the DHW pipe of the gas boiler. Taps for mixers are connected to the gap through tees. It is recommended that each mixer be equipped with its own ball valves to cut off the water supply if necessary.

The last step will be to connect the boiler to the power line - cold water supply. After that, you can make a test run and check the quality of work and the integrity of all pipelines.

All detected errors are immediately eliminated, for which the system is stopped, the water is drained and the circuit is readjusted.

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The correct tying of a solid fuel boiler affects the efficiency of its operation and operational life. Therefore, when choosing the optimal scheme, it is necessary to take into account a lot of nuances and features. In this case, the equipment will work efficiently and for a long time.

All piping schemes for solid fuel boilers

There are a large number of boiler connection schemes that are suitable for different conditions of use. An individual project is developed for each dwelling, which indicates the important positions of the systems, taking into account the regulated requirements.

closed system

If you want to organize an affordable, but reliable scheme for tying a solid fuel boiler with a boiler, a closed option may be the most suitable. It functions due to the difference in the densities of the cold and hot coolant and has the following advantages:

Simplicity and availability of circuit installation.
Lack of difficulties in self-service.
Long service life.
Protection of pipes from corrosive processes.

The disadvantages include the impossibility of monitoring the temperature and the decrease in efficiency due to the natural circulation of the coolant.

Closed System Circuit

A closed piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a battery tank prevents the negative effects of oxygen and deprives the owners of the building of the need to constantly monitor the volume of water. When arranging such a system, the following rules should be followed:

The tank must contain at least 10% of the volume of the coolant.
A safety valve must be installed on the supply pipe.
The highest point of the equipment is provided with an air vent.

Elements from the safety group, which include an air vent and a valve, are purchased additionally - only flagship boilers have them in the basic kit. The task of the safety valve is to discharge the coolant when the pressure indicators exceed the permissible level. The normal value is 1.5-2 atm. The emergency valve is activated when the mark of 3 atm is reached.

The solid fuel boiler is also tied up with the installation of a pump. This option is characterized by high heat transfer of the liquid, which raises the efficiency values and makes the system energy efficient. The energy consumption for heating the liquid is reduced, and the need for large diameter pipes is eliminated, since the hydraulic resistance is overcome by the operation of the pump. As it heats up, the coolant does not evaporate, because. it is in a sealed membrane. The closed piping option protects the equipment from corrosion and increases its service life.

Of the minuses, the dependence of the system on the source of electricity and the high cost of installation are distinguished. At the same time, it will not be possible to carry out the installation work with your own hands.

Open system with natural circulation

The device of long-burning boilers (KDG) with open. the strapping scheme is in particular demand. This is due to the fact that even with sudden changes in temperature or pressure, the equipment continues to operate without loss of tightness. At the same time, the efficiency of work does not depend on the power supply, since solid fuel material is immersed in the boiler.

Among the disadvantages of an open scheme for connecting a solid fuel boiler, there are:

The penetration of air into the pipes, which contributes to the development of corrosion on their inner surface. To protect the system from the negative effects of oxygen, mineral oil is placed in the expansion tank.
The rapid evaporation of the coolant, so its supply must be constantly replenished.
Uneven temperature distribution at different points in the circuit.

But despite a number of disadvantages, an open installation scheme for a wood-burning or pellet boiler is popular. This is justified by the simplicity of its arrangement and affordable cost.

The scheme provides for the following elements:

Thermometers. In addition to the sensors built in by the manufacturer, you need to install additional ones on the processing and supply pipes.
Check valve.
Expansion tank.

When tying with polypropylene, it is necessary to place the pipe inlet 0.5 m below the location of the radiators in order to ensure free circulation of the coolant. The direct (supply) and return pipes are fixed at a certain angle. It is still necessary to carry out some calculations to assess the hydrodynamic resistance from all sides, and also to try to reduce the number of reinforced elements.

Efficient and uninterrupted operation of the equipment depends on the place of installation of the expansion tank - it is placed at the highest point of the heating circuit.

Forced circulation system

When tying the Stropuva boiler or any other model, it is necessary to consider a variant of the scheme with forced water circulation. It provides for the installation of pumping equipment on the supply or return pipeline, due to which the intensity of fluid movement increases. So, with natural circulation, the speed is only 0.1-0.3 m / s, and with a pump - 0.7-1 m / s, which contributes to many advantages:

The possibility of reducing the diameter of the pipes.
Reducing the warm-up time of the radiators, the absence of inertia.
Convenient options for laying pipes, a large length of lines while maintaining optimal pressure.
Minimal slopes of the tracks, since the movement is carried out due to the operation of the pump.
Possibility of mounting an expansion tank in the boiler room.

There are other advantages, including the ability to interact with the underfloor heating system. Of the shortcomings, energy dependence is distinguished, because. The pump runs on electrical energy.

To protect equipment from shutdown or explosion, it is necessary to equip a safety group, which includes safety valves, uninterruptible power supplies and generators.

Another disadvantage of forced circuits is periodic noise. But such shortcomings are covered by a wide choice of heating schemes, which include:

Single tube option.
Dual circuit (Tichelmann system).
Collector.
Warm floor.

Boiler piping with a three-way valve: procedure and diagram.

Since solid fuel boilers do not operate continuously, but periodically, they are constantly exposed to moisture in the form of condensate, which leads to corrosive processes. The cooled water from the return is transferred to the heat exchanger and settles on its walls. To prevent negative consequences, you can use a three-way valve.

This is a conventional adjustable valve with 2 inlets and 1 outlet. Receiving the appropriate signal, the valve performs the opening of the supply channel and eliminates the appearance of a dew point. When the system is started, the circulation of the coolant in a small circle is suspended.

Three-way valves can also be used to change the temperature of the coolant that is sent to the consumer. In this case, the equipment is set to work in the opposite direction, when the cold coolant from the return pipe moves to the supply pipe.

A system with a three-way valve ensures efficient heating of the liquid in the boiler in case of inoperability or planned shutdown of the radiators. When the temperature rises to the desired values, the valve comes into operation again and returns the coolant to the heating system. If the boiler is used daily and year-round, this piping option will be highly effective.

Scheme with buffer capacity

Due to the poor controllability of the boilers, the owners need to constantly monitor the volume of fuel and the intensity of traction, which causes a number of problems when using them. In order to load more firewood and not worry about the risk of boiling the coolant, you can install a buffer tank (heat accumulator).

The buffer is a sealed reservoir that separates the unit from users. Due to the large volume, the container can collect excess thermal energy and move it directly to the radiators. To regulate the temperature, a mixing unit operating on the basis of a three-way valve is activated.

Tying with a boiler

The piping of the boiler with polypropylene with an indirect heating boiler is suitable for various types of heating systems. To implement such a scheme, the Maybes boiler (or any other) is connected to heating and hot water systems, and a coil is placed in the water heater for efficient supply of coolant to the main.

After passing through the heating circuit, the hot coolant transfers the thermal potential to the water. In some cases, the tank is equipped with heating elements that allow access to hot water supply during the warm season.

When installing a solid fuel boiler with your own hands, you must adhere to the following instructions:

Prepare the place of installation of the boiler.
Organize the wiring, marking the sources of hot and cold liquids with the appropriate colors.
Fix the tee and the relief valve, carefully covering all gaps with sealant.
Turn on water taps.
Connect the equipment to the power supply and fix the thermostat with automatic equipment.
Select the heating mode.
Check the system for functionality.

Subject to general advice, installation work will be error-free.

Collector scheme

If the boiler will be equipped with several parallel branches with radiator equipment, underfloor heating and other devices, it will be necessary to balance the circuits. Otherwise, the fluid will move along the path of least resistance. To implement it, it is necessary to use special switchgears with 1 input and several outputs - collectors.

The use of these details expands the possibilities of connecting the circulation equipment and allows you to supply a heating agent with the same temperature. The disadvantage of such a strapping is a more complex design and high cost of equipment.

Sometimes the boiler is tied with a hydraulic arrow, which becomes an intermediary between the heating boiler and the owners of the premises. The hydraulic structure is placed in a vertical manner and is connected to the inlet and pressure pipes. In this case, the insertion is performed at any height.

Scheme of connecting a heat accumulator to a solid fuel boiler

Among a large number of connection schemes, the option of installing a heat accumulator for a TT boiler is in great demand.

With this method, you can reduce heating costs and reduce voltage at peak loads. In order for the system to work for a long time and with high quality, it is important to choose the right equipment, guided by personal requirements and regulations.

It is also necessary to draw up a piping project, where the base locations for the work units will be indicated.

How to make strapping cheaper

To reduce the cost of piping, you can use a three-way valve with a simplified design, which does not need to connect an overhead temperature sensor and a thermal head. It contains a thermostatic element, which is set to an operating mode with a fixed value of +55...+60°C.

The use of such a part makes it possible to reduce the cost of piping a TT boiler, but deprives consumers of the possibility of adjusting the temperature with a thermal head.

You can also connect 2 units that operate on different fuels:

Wood or natural gas.
Through electricity.

Connecting a buffer tank with piping with copper or polypropylene pipes (experts recommend choosing options with copper) allows you to simultaneously service different systems in the house: radiators, underfloor heating, boiler. However, this option requires large investments and is rarely used.

Unlike electric and gas heating units, solid fuel boilers are almost never equipped with circulation pumps, a safety group, adjustment and control devices. Everyone solves these issues on their own, choosing a heating device piping scheme in accordance with the type and features of the heating system. Not only the efficiency and productivity of heating, but also its reliable, trouble-free operation depends on how correctly the installation of the heat generator is carried out. That is why it is important to include components and devices in the circuit that will ensure the durability of the heating unit and its protection in case of emergency.

In addition, when installing a solid fuel boiler, you should not give up equipment that creates additional convenience and comfort. it is possible to solve the problem of temperature difference during the reboot of the boiler, and the indirect heating boiler will provide the house with hot water. Thinking about connecting a solid fuel heating unit in accordance with all the rules? We will help you with this!

Typical piping schemes for solid fuel boilers

The opinion that a solid fuel boiler is an obsolete unit covered with dirt and soot is erroneous, isn't it?

The complexity of controlling the combustion process in solid fuel boilers leads to a large inertia of the heating system, which negatively affects the convenience and safety during operation. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the efficiency of units of this type directly depends on the temperature of the coolant. For efficient operation of heating, the piping must ensure the temperature of the heating agent in the range of 60 - 65 ° C. Of course, if the equipment is not properly integrated, such heating at a positive temperature "overboard" will be very uncomfortable and uneconomical. In addition, the full operation of the heat generator depends on a number of additional factors - the type of heating system, the number of circuits, the presence of additional energy consumers, etc. The ones presented below take into account the most common cases. If none of them meets your requirements, then knowledge of the principles and features of the structure of heating systems will help in the development of an individual project.

Open type system with natural circulation in a private house

First of all, it should be noted that gravity-type open systems are considered the most suitable for solid fuel boilers. This is due to the fact that even in emergency cases associated with a sharp increase in temperature and pressure, heating is likely to remain airtight and efficient. It is also important that the functionality of the heating equipment does not depend on the availability of power. Considering that wood-fired boilers are installed not in megacities, but in areas remote from the benefits of civilization, this factor will not seem so insignificant to you. Of course, this scheme is not without drawbacks, the main of which are:

free access of oxygen to the system, which causes internal corrosion of pipes;
the need to replenish the coolant level due to its evaporation;
uneven temperature of the heat agent at the beginning and at the end of each circuit.

A layer of any mineral oil 1-2 cm thick poured into the expansion tank will prevent oxygen from entering the coolant and reduce the rate of evaporation of the liquid.

Despite the shortcomings, the gravitational scheme is very popular due to its simplicity, reliability and low cost.

Scheme of installation of a solid fuel unit in an open-type heating system

When deciding to carry out installation in this way, please note that for normal circulation of the coolant, the boiler inlet must be at least 0.5 m below the heating radiators. The supply and return pipes must have slopes for normal circulation of the coolant. In addition, it is important to correctly calculate the hydrodynamic resistance of all branches of the system, and in the design process, try to reduce the number of shut-off and control valves. The correct operation of the system with natural circulation of the coolant also depends on the installation location of the expansion tank - it must be connected at the highest point.

Closed system with natural circulation

Installation on the return line will avoid the harmful effects of oxygen and eliminate the need to control the level of the coolant.

Diaphragm expansion tank design

When deciding to equip the gravity system with a hermetic expansion tank, consider the following points:

the capacity of the membrane tank must contain at least 10% of the volume of the entire coolant;
a safety valve must be installed on the supply pipe;
the highest point of the system must be equipped with an air vent.

Additional devices that are included in the boiler safety group (safety valve and air vent) will have to be purchased separately - manufacturers very rarely complete units with such devices.

The safety valve allows the coolant to be discharged if the pressure in the system exceeds a critical value. The normal working indicator is considered to be a pressure from 1.5 to 2 atm. The emergency valve is set to 3 atm.

Learn more about this system from our next article:.

Features of systems with forced movement of the coolant

In order to equalize the temperature in all areas, a circulation pump is integrated into a closed heating system. Since this unit can provide forced movement of the coolant, the requirements for the installation level of the boiler and compliance with slopes become negligible. However, you should not give up the autonomy of natural heating. If a bypass branch is installed at the outlet of the boiler, then in the event of a power outage, the circulation of the heating agent will be provided by gravity forces.

The use of a bypass will allow, if necessary, to switch to the natural method of circulation of the coolant

The electric pump is installed on the return line, between the expansion tank and the inlet fitting. Due to the low temperature of the coolant, the pump operates in a more gentle mode, which increases its durability.

Video: Solid fuel boiler piping

Proper installation of a solid fuel boiler in a closed-type heating system

A huge advantage of solid fuel boilers is that no permits are required for their installation. Installation is quite possible to carry out with your own hands, especially since this does not require any special tools or special knowledge. The main thing is to approach the work responsibly and observe the sequence of all stages.

Arrangement of the boiler room

The disadvantage of heating units used for burning wood and coal is the need for a special, well-ventilated room. Of course, it would be possible to install a boiler in the kitchen or bathroom, however, the periodic emission of smoke and soot, dirt from fuel and combustion products make this idea unsuitable for implementation. In addition, the installation of burning equipment in living rooms is also unsafe - the release of fumes can lead to tragedy.

Solid fuel boilers are best installed outdoors

When installing a heat generator in a boiler room, several rules are observed:

the distance from the furnace door to the wall must be at least 1 m;
ventilation ducts must be installed at a distance not higher than 50 cm from the floor and not lower than 40 cm from the ceiling;
the room should not contain fuel, lubricants and flammable substances and objects;
the base platform in front of the ash pan is protected with a metal sheet measuring at least 0.5x0.7 m.

In addition, at the installation site of the boiler, an opening is provided for the chimney, which is taken out. Manufacturers indicate the configuration and dimensions of the chimney in the technical data sheet, so you don’t need to invent anything. Of course, if the need arises, then the requirements of the documentation can be deviated, however, in any case, the channel for the removal of combustion products should provide excellent traction in any weather.

How to properly install a chimney

When installing a chimney, all joints and cracks are sealed with sealing materials, and windows are also provided for cleaning the channels from soot and a condensate trap.

Preparing to install the heating unit

Before installing the boiler, a piping scheme is selected, the length and diameter of pipelines, the number of radiators, the type and number of additional equipment and shut-off and control valves are calculated.

Despite all the variety of design solutions, experts recommend choosing combined heating, which can also provide natural circulation of the coolant. Therefore, when calculating, it is necessary to consider how a parallel section of the supply pipeline (bypass) with a centrifugal pump will be installed and provide for the slopes necessary for the operation of the gravity system. Do not give up on the buffer capacity. Of course, its installation will entail additional costs. However, this type of accumulator will be able to even out the temperature curve, and one bookmark of fuel will last for a longer time.

Connecting the boiler to a heating system with a dual-use buffer tank

A heat accumulator with an additional circuit, which is used for hot water supply, will provide special comfort. Given the fact that due to the installation of a solid fuel unit in a separate room, the length of the DHW circuit increases significantly, an additional circulation pump is mounted on it. This will eliminate the need to drain cold water while waiting for hot water to come out.

Before installing the boiler, it is imperative to provide a place and do not forget about devices designed to reduce pressure in the system in critical situations. A simple strapping scheme that can be used as a working draft is shown in our figure. It integrates all the equipment discussed above and ensures its correct and trouble-free operation.

You will learn more information about the arrangement of the boiler room and the installation of equipment from our article:.

Installation and connection of a solid fuel heat generator

After carrying out all the necessary calculations and preparation of equipment and materials, installation begins.

Install in place, level and fix the heating unit, after which a chimney is connected to it.
They fix heating radiators, install a heat accumulator and an expansion tank.
Mount the supply pipeline and bypass, on which a centrifugal pump is installed. In both sections (direct and bypass), ball valves are installed so that the coolant can be transported by forced or natural means.
We remind you that a centrifugal pump can only be installed with the correct orientation of the shaft, which must be in a horizontal plane. The manufacturer indicates the schemes of all possible mounting options in the instructions for the product.
The pressure line is connected to a heat accumulator. I must say that both the inlet and outlet pipes of the buffer tank must be installed in its upper part. As a result, the amount of hot water in the tank will not affect the readiness of the heating circuit. Be sure to note the fact that the cooling of the boiler during the reboot period will reduce the temperature in the system. This is due to the fact that at this time the heat generator will work as an air heat exchanger, transferring heat from the heating system to the chimney. To eliminate this shortcoming, separate circulation pumps are installed in the boiler and heating circuits. By placing a thermocouple in the combustion zone, it is possible to stop the movement of the coolant through the boiler circuit when the fire is extinguished.
Installation of separate pumps on the boiler and heat exchange circuit can solve the problem of heat leakage through the boiler when it cools down
A safety valve and an air vent are installed on the supply line.
They connect the emergency circuit of the boiler or install shut-off and control valves, which, when water boils, will open the line for its discharge into the sewer and the channel for supplying cold liquid from the water supply.
Mount the return pipeline from the heat accumulator to the heating unit. Before the inlet pipe of the boiler, a circulation pump, a three-way valve and a sump filter are installed.
Separately, an expansion tank is mounted on the return pipeline.
Note! On pipelines that are connected to protection devices, stop valves are not installed. These areas should have as few connections as possible.
The upper outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to a three-way valve and a heating circuit circulation pump, after which radiators are connected and a return pipeline is mounted.
After connecting the main circuits, they begin to equip the hot water supply system. If the heat exchanger coil is built into the buffer tank, then it will be enough just to connect the cold water inlet and the outlet to the “hot” main to the corresponding pipes. When installing a separate indirect water heater, a circuit with an additional circulation pump or a three-way valve is used. In both cases, a check valve is installed at the cold water inlet. It will block the path for the heated liquid to the "cold" water supply.
Some solid fuel boilers are equipped with a draft regulator, the work of which is to reduce the flow area of the blower. Due to this, the air flow into the combustion zone is reduced and its intensity, and, accordingly, the temperature of the coolant decreases. If the heating unit has such a design, then they mount and adjust the drive of the air damper mechanism.
Installing an automatic draft regulator will allow you to control the process of fuel combustion

The places of all threaded connections must be carefully sealed with sanitary flax and a special non-drying paste.

After the installation is completed, the coolant is poured into the system, the centrifugal pumps are turned on at full capacity and the places of all connections are carefully inspected for leakage. After making sure that there are no leaks, they kindle the boiler and check the operation of all circuits at maximum modes.

Features of the integration of a solid fuel unit into an open heating system

The main feature of open heating systems is the contact of the coolant with atmospheric air, which occurs with the participation of an expansion tank. This capacity is designed to compensate for the thermal expansion of the coolant, which occurs when it is heated. The expander is cut in at the highest point of the system, and in order to prevent hot liquid from flooding the room when the tank overflows, a drain pipe is connected to its upper part, the second end of which is led into the sewer.

Expansion tank structure of open type

The large volume of the tank forces it to be installed in the attic, so additional insulation of the expander and the pipes suitable for it will be required, otherwise they may freeze in winter. In addition, it must be remembered that this element is part of the heating system, so its heat loss will lead to a decrease in temperature in the radiators.

Since the open system is not hermetic, there is no need to install a safety valve and connect emergency circuits. When the coolant boils, the pressure will be released through the expansion tank.

Special attention should be paid to pipelines. Since the water in them will flow by gravity, the circulation will be influenced by the diameter of the pipes and the hydraulic resistance in the system. The last factor depends on turns, narrowings, level drops, etc., so their number should be minimal. In order to initially give the water flow the necessary potential energy, a vertical riser is mounted at the outlet of the boiler. The higher the water can rise along it, the higher the coolant speed will be and the faster the radiators will warm up. For the same purpose, the return inlet must be located at the lowest point of the heating system.

Finally, I would like to note that in open systems it is preferable to use not antifreeze, but water. This is due to a higher viscosity, reduced heat capacity and rapid aging of the substance upon contact with air. As for water, it is best to soften it and, if possible, never drain it. This will increase the service life of pipelines, radiators, heat generators and other heating equipment several times.

Pay attention to the article on the choice of coolants for heating systems:.

Video: Connecting a solid fuel boiler with your own hands

As you can see, the choice of a boiler integration scheme depends on many factors, including the features of the heating system and the need to install additional equipment. If you have successfully figured out all the nuances, then you can safely get to work. Finally, I would like to note that heating is one of the most complex and responsible engineering systems. If you do not have self-confidence, do not experiment. Remember that installation errors will sooner or later result in serious problems, so do not hesitate to ask the experts for advice.