Which country has the most AIDS patients? Rapid growth of HIV infection in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. How the world is fighting HIV

MOSCOW, July 23 – RIA Novosti. Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and Yekaterinburg are the leaders in the number of HIV and AIDS infections among Russian cities. This was announced by the head of Rospotrebnadzor Anna Popova at the youth educational forum “Territory of Meanings on the Klyazma” in the Vladimir region.

“Do you know that Kemerovo is one of the leaders in our country in terms of this danger? Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg, unfortunately, these are the points that are burning on our map today,” said the head of the supervisory department.

She emphasized that to prevent the spread of HIV among children and youth, it is necessary to provide comprehensive information about protection against various infections, and not separate sex education lessons.

“We need to engage in hygiene education, we need to tell people how not to get sick - with any infections. Each infection has its own method of transmission,” Popova noted.

Epidemic or not?

In May, Russian Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova reported that the number of HIV infections in the country in 2016 decreased by 15% compared to 2015.

“The number of new cases of HIV infection decreased sharply in 2016: we have a total of 86.8 thousand new cases, and in 2015 there were more than one hundred thousand people. A reduction of 15%,” said the head of the Ministry of Health. At the same time, according to her, as a result of improving the quality of clinical and laboratory monitoring and treatment, patients with HIV now live longer.

However, the head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vadim Pokrovsky, did not agree with these data. According to him, the HIV epidemic continues in Russia, and the situation is getting worse.

“Over the past year 2016, 103.5 thousand new cases of HIV infection were reported among Russian citizens. This is 5.3% more than in 2015. 98,232 people were registered there,” the virologist said. He emphasized that this is a small decrease in percentage, but in absolute numbers, the incidence of HIV continues to grow.

Skvortsova and Pokrovsky agreed on one thing - in assessing the number of registered HIV-infected citizens in Russia. The minister and the virologist cited similar figures - from 860 to 870 thousand people.

At the same time, Pokrovsky noted that in fact there are about 1.2-1.4 million HIV-infected people in Russia, that is, approximately half a million more than officially registered.

Is HIV a disease of the young?

According to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vadim Pokrovsky, the age at which the highest probability of contracting HIV is 30-39 years. In this age category, according to the scientist, every 50th person is infected.

Among men, cases of infection occur mainly at the age of 35-39 years (2.8%), and among women - at the age of 30-34 years (1.6%), the virologist noted. He explained this by the fact that women are more likely to have sex with older men. Moreover, sexual intercourse is the main risk factor for HIV infection for women.

“For the last year, 2016, sexual contacts have now taken first place in almost the same percentage of cases of new infections as through drug use. 48.8% were infected through drug use, 48.7% through heterosexual contacts, 1 .5% - during homosexual contacts,” the academician said in May.

He added that over the past year, 16 cases of suspected HIV infection in medical institutions using non-sterile medical equipment, as well as three cases of blood transfusion, were registered in Russia.

Fight for the virus

The Ministry of Health is taking measures to combat HIV - the department has developed a State Strategy to counter the spread of infection until 2020. One of the main directions of the document is primary prevention, which includes informing citizens about protection against infection. In addition, actions aimed at combating the spread of the virus are regularly held in Russia.

So, in July, the Ministry of Health, together with Russian Railways, sent a specially equipped carriage from Vladivostok to St. Petersburg, where you can get tested for HIV free of charge.

“The carriage will travel across the entire country - from Vladivostok to St. Petersburg, making stops in the 24 most HIV-affected regions. Both on the train itself and at the stations where it stops, everyone will be able to take an HIV test,” the message said. departments.

In May, Rospotrebnadzor launched an all-Russian hotline on the prevention of HIV infection as part of the “Stop HIV/AIDS” campaign, which took place in the country from May 15 to 21 for the third time. During this time, events of various formats were organized in the regions: volunteer charity events to work with risk groups, to prevent discrimination against people with HIV, to provide support to palliative care centers for AIDS patients, as well as charity marathons and flash mobs.

HIV statistics in the worldhelps track how many suffer from this disease and search for more effective ways fight him.

HIV

HIV infection is a disease caused by the immunodeficiency virus. The disease belongs to the category of slowly progressing. She amazes immune system, as a result of which it develops. The body loses its defenses and ability to resist diseases.

How long do people live with the immunodeficiency virus? StatisticsHIV shows that the average age is no more than 11 years. In the AIDS stage – 9 months. If the patient consults doctors in a timely manner and undergoes antiviral therapy, the life expectancy may be 70–80 years.

The patient's health status also matters. A healthy person has a better chance of long life and successful treatment.


The virus is transmitted through single contact of damaged skin or mucous membrane with the patient’s biological fluids: blood, semen, vaginal secretions. Transmission of infection occurs:

  • during an unprotected
  • during manicure (through unsanitized instruments);
  • during and during (from mother to child);
  • when (if medical staff violates the rules for checking blood);
  • while taking a dose of injecting drugs (through syringes and needles);
  • when breastfeeding.

The virus cannot be transmitted through tears, saliva, insect bites, household or airborne transmission.

Data for different countries


Cause of infection Prevalence (%) Incidence (%) Number of cases per 100 thousand people
through injections 45 23,18 12 977
Sexual relations with drug addicts 8 5,15 3601
Prostitution 9 3,23 905
Using the services of prostitutes 4 4,07 91
Homosexual relationships 5 13,17 983
Injections in a medical facility 1,1 0,58 1
Blood transfusion 1,1 0,22 49

People who inject drugs are most at risk.

Cases of illness among health workers were also recorded. HIV statistics show that the risk of infection in this category of the population is also high. In the United States alone, over the past few years, more than a hundred cases have been reported, 57 of which have been proven.

Indicators for Russia

According to the Ministry of Health, HIV statistics in our country are shocking. There is a real epidemic in Russia. In terms of growth rates in the number of sick people, the Russian Federation will soon approach those of Africa. Statistics HIV infection in Russia allows us to conclude that 57% of infections occur among heroin addicts through dirty syringes.

WITH HIV statistics by yearreflects the number of people who died from AIDS and are still living with the immunodeficiency virus:

Year Got sick in a year Revealed for all time Died Living with HIV
1995 203 1 090 407 683
2000 59 161 89 808 3 452 86 356
2005 38 021 334 066 7 395 326 671
2013 79 421 798 866 153 221 645 645
2016 87 670 1 081 876 233 152 848 724
First quarter of 2017 21 274 1 103 150 No data 869 998

Regional HIV incidence statistics are off the charts where the largest drug distribution channels are located. The majority of sick citizens in 2016 were in the Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk and Samara regions. There are at least 1.5 thousand sick people here for every 100,000 people.

The diagram shows HIV statistics by region, showing the 10 regions with the highest a large number sick.

HIV statistics in Russia show that the most people infected are in the Irkutsk region. In addition to those listed in the diagram, the most affected include the Moscow, Tomsk, Ivanovo, Omsk, Murmansk regions, and Altai Territory. This also includes St. Petersburg.

From HIV shows an increase in indicators. In 2015, 212,578 patients died. This figure is 12.9% higher than the previous year.

The number of HIV patients in Tatarstan has also increased. Statistics say that in 2015, about 18 thousand patients diagnosed with HIV were identified here. Every year the number of infected people increases by 1 thousand people. The mortality rate among those infected with the immunodeficiency virus has also increased. More infected children were also born.


Most carriers of the virus are people aged 20 to 39 years. The main cause of infection is injection of narcotic substances with dirty syringes.

Russian HIV suggests that the most a large number of The patients are aged from 30 to 39 years. The vast majority are men. Women are most often infected under the age of 35. At the same time, the number of sick teenagers and 15 to 20 year olds has decreased. The data is shown in detail in percentages on the chart:


Routes of transmission of the disease in Russia

IN Soviet time Unprotected sex with African students ranked first. Today, statistics of people infected with HIV indicate that greatest number sick people among drug addicts - 48.8% of the total number of infected people. They become infected when using unsterile syringes. According to the results of studies by city, the largest number of cases among drug addicts was registered in Moscow (12–14%), St. Petersburg (30%), and Biysk (more than 70%).

The diagram shows statistics of HIV patients, displaying the main causes of infection in the USSR and modern Russia for the period from 1987 to 2016:


Indicators in the countries of the former USSR

HIV statistics in Ukraine also not comforting. During six months of 2016, 7,612 people were diagnosed. Of these, 1,365 are HIV-infected children. Statistics show that the main reason is the reduction in funding for programs to combat AIDS.

In total, there are 287,970 patients in Ukraine today. Between 1987 and 2016, almost 40,000 citizens died from AIDS. Ukraine is among the leaders in the spread of the disease in the world.The chart shows which areas are most affected by HIV:

HIV statistics in Belarusrecorded 17,605 patients as of 2017. The prevalence rate is 185.2 per 100 thousand people. population. In just 2 months of 2017, 431 citizens with the immunodeficiency virus were identified. The majority of HIV-infected people are in the Gomel, Minsk and Brest regions. For the period from 1987 to 2017. 5,044 people died from AIDS in Belarus.

In 2016, HIV statistics in Kazakhstan indicate an increase in the number of infected people. During this year, about 3 thousand carriers of the virus were identified, of which 33 patients were children under 14 years of age.

conclusions

As HIV statistics show in Russia and the CIS countries, the epidemiological situation continues to worsen. Morbidity and mortality rates are very high. It is necessary to strengthen measures to combat the disease in the country, otherwise the rate of spread will continue to grow.

At the beginning of 2017 total number cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens have reached 1,114,815 people (in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected people, incl. 2.1 million CHILDREN ). And according to the calculations of the international organization UNAIDS, there are already more than 1,500,700 HIV-infected people in Russia (!), moreover, according to the calculations of American and Swiss scientists in Russia now (December 2017) lives more than 2 million patients with HIV infection ( published in the journal PLOS Medicine).

Of them died By various reasons(not only from AIDS, but from all causes) 243,863 HIV-infected(according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on activities for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients”) ( 1 million people died in the world in 2016 ). In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection.

As of July 01, 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia was 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons (in 1st half of 2017 already died 14,631 HIV-infected people 13.6% more than in 6 months of 2016). Affection rate population of the Russian Federation with HIV infection in 2017 made up 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand population of Russia.

In 2016 It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens ( 1.8 million in the world ), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of newly identified cases of HIV infection; in 2011-2016, the annual increase averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

HIV prevalence in countries around the world by the number of HIV-infected people living in them.

64% of all new HIV diagnoses in Europe occur in Russia. Every hour in Russia there are 10 new HIV-infected people.

The number of HIV in the CIS countries, the Baltics

*/approx. the statement is ambiguous, because not all countries estimate equally well the number of HIV-infected people, who also need to be identified for some money (for example, in Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, where there are hardly any enough money for HIV screening of the population. In addition, judging by the identification of a huge number of HIV-infected guest workers, the prevalence of HIV in these countries is several times higher than in the Russian Federation)/.

The growth rate of HIV in Russia (according to UNAIDS, the international organization to fight AIDS).

Rapid growth of HIV infection in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

Dynamics of HIV spread in the world.

Comparison of the growth of HIV-infected people in the European region with and without the Russian Federation.

Russia's contribution to the HIV and AIDS epidemic in the European region.

Behind 1st half of 2017 detected in Russia 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population. The most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

Behind 9 months 2017 detected in Russia 65 200 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation, for 11 months of 2017- registered 85 thousand new cases of HIV infection, observed exceeding the long-term average indicators for HIV - by 43.4%(49,7%000 versus 34.6%000).

Video. Incidence in Russia, March - May 2017.

Increasing rate of growth of new cases HIV infections in 2017 year (but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda region, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.

The growing number of HIV-infected Russians from 1987 to 2016.

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016 and including 2017 in terms of morbidity in Russian Federation The following regions and cities were in the lead:

  1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100 thousand population - total 6,217 HIV-infected), incl. in the city Kemerovo 1 876 HIV-infected people. For 10 months of 2017 detected in the Kemerovo region 4,727 new HIV-infected (indicator incidence - 174.5 per 100 thousand of us.) ( honorable 1st place)
  2. Irkutsk region (163,6%000 — 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new people infected with HIV, in 2017 - 1,107. In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. Incidence in 10 months 2017 - 134.0 per 100 t.n. ( 3 228 newly diagnosed HIV-infected) Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV. (honorable 2nd place )
  3. Samara Region (161,5%000 — 5,189 HIV-infected, incl. in the city of Samara there are 1,201 HIV-infected people), for 10 months of 2017 - 2,698 people (84,2% 000) . Every hundredth resident of the Samara region is infected with HIV!
  4. Sverdlovsk region (156,9%000 — 6,790 HIV-infected), morbidity in 10 months 2017 - 128.1 per 100 thousand, i.e. 5 546 new HIV-infected people. In the city Yekaterinburg, 1,372 were identified in 2016 HIV-infected (94.2%000), for 10 months 2017 years - AIDS has already been identified in the “capital of AIDS” 1 347 “pluses” (the incidence of HIV infection in 2017 in the city was 92,5% 000 ).
  5. Chelyabinsk region (154,0%000 — 5 394 HIV-infected),
  6. Tyumen region (150,5%000 — 2,224 people), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were identified in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is among the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic, 1.1% of the population is infected with HIV. Morbidity in 9 months 2017 — 110.2 people per 100 thousand population. ( honorable 3rd place). Z and 10 months of 2017 revealed 1 614 HIV-infected people, incl. 5 teenagers.
  7. Tomsk region (138.0%000 - 1,489 people),
  8. Novosibirsk region (137.1%000) areas ( 3 786 people), incl. in the city Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected people. Morbidity in 9 months 2017 - 108.3 per 100 t.n. — 3 010 people infected with HIV (for 10 months of 2017 - 3,345 people) (on 4th place came out).
  9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5%000 - 3,716 people),
  10. Perm region (125.1%000 — 3,294 people). Morbidity in 10 months 2017 - 126.2 per 100 t.n. — 3 322 HIV+, up 13.1% compared to the previous year. ( on 5th place got up)
  11. Altai Territory(114.1%000 - 2,721 people) the edges,
  12. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (124.7% 000 - 2,010 people, every 92nd resident is infected),
  13. Orenburg region (117.6%000 - 2,340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people. (32.7% 000).
  14. Omsk region (110.3%000 - 2,176 people), over 8 months of 2017, 1360 cases were identified, the incidence rate was 68.8% 000.
  15. Kurgan region (110.1%000 - 958 people),
  16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2%000 - 1,218 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people. (25.9% 000).
  17. Tver region (74.0%000 - 973 people),
  18. Nizhny Novgorod Region (71,1%000 — 2,309 people) region, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people. (18.9% 000).
  19. Republic of Crimea (83.0%000 — 1,943 people),
  20. Khakassia (82.7%000 - 445 people),
  21. Udmurtia (75.1%000 - 1,139 people),
  22. Bashkortostan (68.3%000 - 2,778 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people. (16.9% 000).
  23. Moscow (62,2 % 000 — 7,672 people)

% 000 - the number of HIV-infected people per 100 thousand population.

Table No. 1. The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection by regions and regions of Russia (TOP 15).

Interactive table with sorting capabilities. How many HIV-infected people have been identified in the most HIV-prone regions of the Russian Federation? What is the incidence rate in the regions per 100 thousand population.
Region of the Russian FederationNumber of HIV-infected people identified in 2016, people.Incidence of HIV infection (number of HIV cases per 100 population) in 2016
Kemerovo region 6217 228,8
Irkutsk region 3951 163,6
Samara Region 5189 161,5
Sverdlovsk region 6790 156,9
Chelyabinsk region5394 154,0
Tyumen region2224 150,5
Tomsk1489 138,0
Novosibirsk3786 137,1
Krasnoyarsk3716 129,5
Permian3294 125,1
Altaic2721 114,1
KHMAO2010 124,7
Orenburgskaya2340 117,6
Omsk2176 110,3
Kurganskaya958 110,1

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

The subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

Most significant growth(speed, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Okrug.

Number of newly identified cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Distribution of the number of new HIV cases by year (1987-2016).

Affection HIV infection in the Russian population as of December 31, 2016 was 594.3 per 100 thousand people. Cases of HIV infection registered in all regions Russian Federation. IN 2017 year incidence - 795.3 per 100 thousand of us.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the entire population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country’s population lived.

Dynamics of HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016.

Incidence and prevalence of HIV in the Russian Federation.

TO the most affected regions of the Russian Federation relate:

  1. Sverdlovsk region (1,647.9% of 000 people living with HIV are registered per 100 thousand population - 71,354 people, including in the city of Yekaterinburg, more than 27,131 HIV-infected people are registered, i.e. every 50th city resident is infected with HIV - this is a real epidemic. In 2017(as of 01.11.17) there are already 93,494 people infected with HIV - approximately 2% of the population of the Sverdlovsk region are infected with HIV, also 2% of pregnant women are HIV-infected, i.e. every 50th pregnant woman has HIV infection). As of November 1, 2017 in the "AIDS capital" ( from the words of the rapper "Gnoyny") is already registered 28 478 HIV positive ( HIV prevalence in the city population is 2%!!! ) and this is only official. IN Serov— 1454.2% 000 (1556 people). 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov is infected with HIV. The Sverdlovsk region ranks first in the number of children born to HIV-infected mothers - 15 thousand children.
  2. Irkutsk region (1636.0% 000 - 39473 people). Total number of HIV-infected people identified at the beginning 2017 of the year— 49,494 people, per the beginning of June 2017 of the year cumulatively 51,278 people diagnosed with HIV infection were registered. IN city ​​of Irkutsk Over the entire period, more than 31,818 people were identified.
  3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo More than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.
  4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people), as of November 1, 2017, 50,048 HIV-infected people were identified.
  5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
  6. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
  7. Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
  8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19,768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20,787 people, as of November 1, 2017 - 21,382 people.
  9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people), as of 11/01/2017 — more than 48,000 people., incl. Chelyabinsk - 19,000 HIV-infected.
  10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) region. On May 19, 2017 in city ​​of Novosibirsk More than 34 thousand HIV-infected people are registered - every 47 residents of Novosibirsk have HIV (!). As of November 1, 2017, 36,334 people infected with HIV were registered in the Novosibirsk region. The region is in the top ten in Russia; in terms of HIV prevalence in the population, it is in fourth place in the country.
  11. Perm region (950.1% 000 - 25030 people) - mainly Berezniki, Krasnokamsk and Perm are severely affected by HIV,
  12. G. Saint Petersburg(978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
  13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11728 people),
  14. Republic of Crimea (891.4% 000 - 17,000 people),
  15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
  16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
  17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
  18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
  19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
  20. Ivanovo region (722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
  21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12741 people), as of September 1, 2017, 16,275 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 823.0% 000.
  22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
  23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
  24. Kaliningrad region (608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
  25. Moscow (413.0% 000 - 50909 people)

Table No. 3. Rating of Russian regions according to the prevalence of HIV infection in the population (TOP 15).

The number of HIV-infected people identified in the most HIV-prone territories of the Russian Federation in absolute numbers and calculated per 100 thousand population of the represented region.
RegionAffected rate per 100 thousand population, as of 01/01/2017.The absolute number of all registered HIV-infected people as of January 1, 2017.
Sverdlovsk region1647,9 71354
Irkutsk region1636,0 39473
Kemerovo region1582,5 43000
Samara Region1476,9 47350
Orenburg region1217,0 24276
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug1201,7 19550
Leningrad region1147,3 20410
Tyumen region1085,4 19768
Chelyabinsk region1079,6 37794
Novosibirsk region1021,9 28227
Perm region950,1 25030
Ulyanovsk region932,5 11728
Republic of Crimea891,4 17000
Altai region852,8 20268
Krasnoyarsk region836,4 23970

Age structure

Most high level prevalence of HIV infection in the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age; already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV; the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed. In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before age 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in 2000; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Diagram. Age and gender of HIV-infected people.

In 2016, HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly identified cases was also observed in older age groups, Cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

“0.6% of all Russians live with a diagnosis of HIV. But Russians aged 30–39 years are especially affected by HIV – among them, 2% are diagnosed with HIV. For men this percentage is higher. With age, the risks of contracting HIV accumulate, and people continue to age with the virus in their blood. 87% of HIV-positive people are economically active, which is explained by their young age; among them, a disproportionately large share of Russians with secondary specialized education is the working class, without which the country’s future will become foggy.” (V. Pokrovsky)

It should be noted that when low level of testing coverage among adolescents and young people, more than 1,100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data largest number of HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sexual contact with an HIV-infected partner (77% of cases among girls, 61% among boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identifying and treating HIV patients.” The highest annual mortality rate was recorded in Jewish Autonomous Region, Republic of Mordovia, Kemerovo Region, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ulyanovsk Region, Republic of Adygea, Tambov Region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Chuvash Republic, Samara Region, Primorsky Territory, Tula Region, Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan Region.

According to Rosstat data 18,575 people died from HIV infection (AIDS) in 2016. (in 2015 – 15,520 people, in 2014 – 12,540 people), i.e. The number of deaths from AIDS is growing.

The mortality index from HIV infection (the number of deaths per 1000 population) has increased 10 times since 2005!

“Among women 20–30 years old, who should not die at all, more than 20% of deaths are associated with HIV. Due to the fact that HIV infection is lifelong, and modern treatment allows HIV-infected people to live into old age, the number of living HIV-infected people in the world is growing. AIDS deaths among young people are the result of poorly organized medical care." (V. Pokrovsky)

Over the 6 months of 2017, 14,631 HIV-infected people died, i.e. Approximately 80 people diagnosed with HIV die every day. This is 13.6% higher than for the same period in 2016. This may be due to interruptions in the supply of medications for the treatment of HIV-infected people, because... only a third of HIV-infected people received antiretroviral therapy in 2017 (32.9% - 298,888). Especially many died in the most disadvantaged regions for HIV treatment: Kemerovo, Samara and Irkutsk.

Treatment coverage

Registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients, infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.

Video. Shortage of drugs for HIV-infected people. V. Pokrovsky.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in prison. IN 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298 888 patients, approximately 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (most likely there will not be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchase was based on 2016 figures). Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection (the worst indicator in the world); among those undergoing dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy.

“The World Health Organization (WHO) has been recommending lifelong treatment for all HIV-positive people for five years now, but the Ministry of Health so far provides only 300 thousand, that is, 46% of the 650 thousand “registered by the Ministry of Health,” or 33% of 900 thousand. still alive, registered by Rospotrebnadzor. The reason is that there is not enough money allocated in the state budget for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. To increase treatment coverage, the Ministry of Health is trying to reduce the cost of treatment by lowering purchase prices, which partially compensates for the shortage, but worsens the quality of treatment, since cheaper copies of drugs (generics) are purchased, which are outdated in status. Russians should take 10–12 tablets a day, while Europeans only need one. It is clear that because of this hassle, 20% of those who started treatment stop it. And this is another reason for the increase in mortality." (V. Pokrovsky)

The achieved treatment coverage does not serve as a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing; the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there was tested for HIV 30,752,828 blood samples of Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples of foreign citizens. Total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens compared to 2015. increased by 8.5%, and among foreign citizens it decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive immunoblot results in Russians was detected in the entire history of observation - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, and therefore differs significantly from the number of new registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up a small part of those screened for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were identified among these groups. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% were diagnosed as HIV-positive for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during an epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, patients with STIs - 0.7%.

In the first half of 2017, the number of people tested for HIV increased very little, by only 8.1% compared to the first half of 2016. This is minuscule, so it’s sad to hear when the main reason cited for the increase in HIV growth is the increase in the number of people screened, everything much more serious and deeper.

Transmission Path Structure

In 2016, significantly the role has grown HIV infection, in 2017 this trend only strengthened, moreover, the sexual route overtook the drug route: in the 1st half of 2017, the share of sexual route of HIV infection was 52.2% (including homosexual route - 1.9%, The HIV epidemic among homosexuals is flaring up once again), through injection drug use - 46.6%. According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly identified in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% were infected through unsterile equipment, 48.7% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, 0.45% through made up . The number of children infected with breastfeeding: 59 such children were registered in 2016, 47 in 2015, and 41 in 2014.

“The root of all problems is the rapid increase in the number of new cases due to the transition of the HIV epidemic to sexual transmission. Of the 100 thousand new cases in 2016, half were from sexual contact between men and women, just under half were from drug use, and only 1–2% were from homosexual contact between men. Dozens of cases of HIV infection in medical institutions should be attributed to the Ministry of Health, which should monitor the safety of medical procedures.” (V. Pokrovsky)

In 2016, 16 cases of suspected infection in medical organizations when using non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases during transfusion of blood components from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries. For 10 months of 2017 12 cases of suspected HIV infection during the provision of medical care were registered. Also, 12 cases of HIV infection were registered in places of detention due to the use of non-sterile equipment for non-medical purposes.

Diagram. Distribution of HIV-infected people by mode of infection.

conclusions

  • In the Russian Federation in 2016, the epidemic situation of HIV infection continued to deteriorate and this unfavorable trend continues in 2017, which may even affect resurgence of the global HIV epidemic , which, according to a UN report, began to decline in July 2016.
  • Saved high incidence of HIV infection , the total number of HIV carriers and the number of deaths of HIV-infected people is increasing, the number of deaths from AIDS is increasing annually, and the spread of the epidemic from vulnerable groups of the population to the general population has intensified.
  • Given the current rate of spread of HIV infection and the absence of adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread the forecast for the development of the situation remains unfavorable .
  • Radical actions by the Russian Government are required to stop trafficking, the spread of drugs and, most difficult, changing the sexual behavior of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation (scraps are wonderful, but the number of people who practice abstinence and practice with one heterosexual sexual partner throughout their lives is very few and it is impossible to change it, p .e requires development with minimal side effects(take a pill and do what you want)).

VIDEO. V.V. Pokrovsky about the situation in Russia regarding the incidence of HIV/AIDS

The material was prepared on the basis of a certificate from the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor and other official sources.

PS: I hope it’s clear, to get an idea of ​​the real scale of the HIV epidemic, you need to multiply the official figures by 5-10, because this is just the tip of the iceberg.

Best regards, Doctor.

Reading time: 8 min.

According to the report, announced at the 5th international conference on HIV, which was held in the Russian capital, a list was formed of the top 10 countries by the number of AIDS patients. AIDS is such a common disease for these powers that it has been given the status of an epidemic. AIDS develops against the background of HIV infection. AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection, which develops with the spread of infection, manifested by the appearance of tumors, weakened immunity and, ultimately, leads to death.

With a total population of 14 million citizens, the number of people infected reaches 1.2 million. It is not at all surprising that few Zambians surpass the 38-year mark, which is the average life expectancy in this country.

2016 was one of the saddest years for Russians in terms of the number of people suffering from AIDS. More than one million people have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (according to the data of the Russian Health Committee). But according to the EECAAC report, this figure is much higher – 1.4 million. Moreover, this indicator is growing more and more every year. Just think about it - every 50th resident of Yekaterinburg suffers from AIDS. In the Russian Federation, the majority of patients were infected while taking drugs intravenously. This type of infection is not typical for any other country.

For what reason do Russians have to put up with such statistics? According to experts, the reason for this is the withdrawal of methadone, which was taken orally, instead of an intravenously administered drug. Most people mistakenly believe that if a drug addict is infected, then it is only his problem. It’s not so scary when the “scum of society” gets a disease from which he will eventually die. But we forget that a person who is addicted to drugs is not a monster, he for a long time can live on her own ordinary life. You won’t be able to spot him in a crowd at one glance; at first, drug addicts live a very ordinary life. And it is for this reason that their spouses and children often become infected. There are cases when people become infected in clinics and beauty salons after instruments have been poorly disinfected. Until people realize the realities of the impending threat, until young people stop assessing their partners by eye, until the regulatory authorities change their position towards drug addicts, Russia will rise in this ranking faster and faster.

Almost 7% of the total number of citizens of this country are infected with AIDS; if converted into an exact figure, it is 1.4 million people. It is noteworthy that the female part of the population is more infected than the male part, due to the fact that Kenya is famous for the low social level of women. Maybe it's very important aspect is the free nature of women from Kenya - they very easily agree to intimate relationships.

More than 5% of this country's population suffers from AIDS, out of a total population of 49 million. When translated into exact numbers, the number of infected people is 1.5 million. In addition, there are regions in the country in which the level of the population suffering from HIV is more than 10%, for example, Dar es Salaam, fortunately, it is too far from tourist routes.

The president of this state is making superhuman efforts to combat the threat of AIDS. This is reflected in the statistical reports - from 2011 to 2015, the number of children already born with HIV fell from 28 to 3.4 thousand. Infections among adults have decreased by half. Twenty-four-year-old King Toro (Toro is a region of Uganda) decided to take control of the spread of the epidemic and completely stop AIDS by 2030. Today, 1.5 million people are infected with HIV in the country.

Unfortunately, this beautiful country cannot cope with this terrible disease on its own and more than 10% (1.5 million citizens) are already infected with AIDS. Approximately 0.7 million children are left without parents because their parents died from HIV.

Of the thirteen million citizens of this country, more than 1.6 million people are infected. Several factors led to such deplorable indicators: prostitution, which is still not controlled by the government, citizens do not know the basics about contraceptives, and the ineradicable poverty of the population.

According to official data, more than two million people are infected in India, and if we take it in fact, this figure will be an order of magnitude higher. Indians are a rather private people, and for this reason, they remain silent about their problems in the health sector. Nobody talks to young people about AIDS; the topic of sex and contraceptives at school is an unspoken taboo. Therefore, there is total illiteracy in aspects related to contraception, which significantly distinguishes India from Africa, where it is very easy to buy a condom. According to statistical surveys, more than 60% of the female population have never heard of HIV.

Of the 146 million citizens, 3.4 million people suffer from HIV/AIDS, which is just under 5% of the total. Basically, there are more infections among the female population than among the male population. Due to the lack of free healthcare, Nigeria's poor suffer the most.

South Africa tops the list of countries with the highest incidence of AIDS. More than 15% of citizens suffer from HIV (6.3 million), 25% of high school girls are already infected. Few people live to be 45 in this country. It’s hard to imagine a country where few people have grandparents. Sounds scary, doesn't it? Although South Africa is considered the most economically developed country in Africa, a huge part of its citizens are on the brink of poverty. The President is trying his best to stop the spread of HIV - the public is provided with free contraceptives and tests. But the poor part of the population still believes that HIV was invented by whites, like contraceptives, and therefore it is better to stay away from them. On the border with South Africa is Swaziland, a country with a population of more than 1.2 citizens. 50% of these countries are infected. On average, a Swazi citizen lives to a maximum of 37 years of age.

Official statistics of HIV and AIDS in Russia

At the beginning of 2017 the total number of cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens has reached 1,114,815 people(there are 36.7 million HIV-infected people in the world). Of them died for different reasons 243,863 HIV-infected according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on activities for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients.” In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection. As of July 1, 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia was 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons ( in the 1st half of 2017 has already died 14 631 HIV-infected people 13.6% more than in 6 months of 2016). Population attack rate Russian Federation HIV infection in 2017 amounted to 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand population of Russia.

In 2016. It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of new identified cases of HIV infection, in 2011-2016 the annual increase averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

In terms of the growth rate of HIV infection, Russia has taken third place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.

For the 1st half of 2017 detected in Russia 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population. The most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Increasing rate of growth of new cases HIV infection in 2017(but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda region, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, according to the incidence rate in the Russian Federation The following regions and cities were in the lead:

  1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population registered - total 6,217 HIV-infected), incl. in the city Kemerovo 1,876 HIV-infected.
  2. Irkutsk region (163.6%000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new people infected with HIV, in 2017 - 1,107. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.
  3. Samara region (161.5%000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, incl. in the city of Samara there are 1,201 HIV-infected people), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8%000).
  4. Sverdlovsk region (156.9%000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Yekaterinburg there are 5,874 HIV-infected people (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / or are they well identified? ed./).
  5. Chelyabinsk region (154.0%000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),
  6. Tyumen region (150.5%000 - 2,224 people — 1.1% of the population), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were identified in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.
  7. Tomsk region (138.0%000 - 1,489 people.),
  8. Novosibirsk region (137.1%000) regions (3,786 people.), incl. in the city Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected people.
  9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5%000 - 3,716 people.)
  10. Perm region (125.1%000 - 3,294 people.)
  11. Altai Territory(114.1%000 - 2,721 people.)
  12. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (124.7%000 - 2,010 people)
  13. Orenburg region (117.6%000 - 2,340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people. (32.7%000).
  14. Omsk region (110.3%000 - 2,176 people.), for 7 months of 2017, 1184 cases were identified, the incidence rate was 59.8% 000.
  15. Kurgan region (110.1%000 - 958 people.)
  16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2%000 - 1,218 people.), per 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people. (25.9%000).
  17. Tver region (74.0%000 - 973 people.)
  18. Nizhny Novgorod region (71.1%000 - 2,309 people.) region, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people. (18.9%000).
  19. Republic of Crimea (83.0%000 - 1,943 people),
  20. Khakassia (82.7%000 - 445 people),
  21. Udmurtia (75.1%000 - 1,139 people.),
  22. Bashkortostan (68.3%000 - 2,778 people.), per 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people. (16.9%000).
  23. Moscow (62.2%000 - 7 672 people)

Note: %000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100 thousand population.

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

The subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

The most significant increase (speed, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit of time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Okrug.

Number of newly identified cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Affection HIV infection in the Russian population as of December 31, 2016 was 594.3 per 100 thousand people. Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all regions of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence rate was 795.3 per 100 thousand.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the entire population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country’s population lived.

Dynamics of HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016.

To the most affected subjects of the Russian Federation relate:

  1. Sverdlovsk region (1647.9% of 000 people living with HIV per 100 thousand population are registered - 71354 people. In 2017, there were already about 86 thousand people infected with HIV), including in the city of Yekaterinburg More than 27,131 HIV-infected people have been registered, i.e. every 50th city resident is infected with HIV- this is a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov is infected with HIV.
  2. Irkutsk region (1636.0%000 - 39473 people). Total number of HIV-infected people identified at the beginning 2017— 49,494 people, at the beginning of June (almost six months) 2017 51,278 people diagnosed with HIV infection are registered. IN city ​​of Irkutsk Over the entire period, more than 31,818 people were identified.
  3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo More than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.
  4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people),
  5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
  6. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
  7. Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
  8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20787 people.
  9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people),
  10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) regions. As of May 19, 2017 in the city of Novosibirsk More than 34 thousand HIV-infected people are registered - every 47 residents of Novosibirsk have HIV (!).
  11. Perm region (950.1% 000 - 25030 people),
  12. St. Petersburg (978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
  13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11,728 people),
  14. Republic of Crimea (891.4%000 - 17000 people),
  15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
  16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
  17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
  18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
  19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
  20. Ivanovo region (722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
  21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12,741 people), as of August 1, 2017, 16,099 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 813.7% 000.
  22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
  23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
  24. Kaliningrad region (608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
  25. Moscow (413.0%000 - 50909 people)

Age structure

Highest level of infection HIV infection of the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age; already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV; the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed. In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before age 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in 2000; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Age and gender of HIV-infected people.

HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly identified cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that when low level of testing coverage among adolescents and young people, more than 1,100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data largest number of HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sexual contact with an HIV-infected partner (77% of cases among girls, 61% among boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identifying and treating HIV patients.” The highest annual mortality rate was recorded in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, the Tambov Region, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Chuvash Republic, the Samara Region, the Primorsky Territory, the Tula Region, the Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

Registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients, infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in prison. In the 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298,888 patients, approximately 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (there probably won’t be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchases were based on 2016 figures). Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those undergoing dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy. The achieved treatment coverage does not serve as a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing; the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there was tested for HIV 30,752,828 blood samples of Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples of foreign citizens. The total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, and among foreign citizens decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive immunoblot results in Russians was detected in the entire history of observation - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, and therefore differs significantly from the number of new registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up a small part of those screened for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were identified among these groups. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% were diagnosed as HIV-positive for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during an epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, patients with STIs - 0.7%.

Transmission Path Structure

In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection increased significantly. According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly identified in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% became infected through drug use with non-sterile equipment, 48.7% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, -0. 45% were children infected from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: 59 such children were registered in 2016, 47 in 2015, and 41 in 2014. In 2016, 16 cases of suspected infection were registered in medical organizations due to the use of non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases of transfusion of blood components from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Distribution of HIV-infected people by mode of infection.

conclusions

  1. In the Russian Federation in 2016, the HIV epidemic situation continued to worsen and the trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, has declined.
  2. The incidence of HIV infection remained high, the total number and number of deaths of HIV-infected people increased, and the spread of the epidemic from vulnerable groups to the general population intensified.
  3. If the current rate of spread of HIV infection continues and there are no adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the prognosis for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.
  4. It is necessary to intensify organizational and preventive measures to counter the HIV epidemic in the country.
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