Roof ventilation to prolong its life. The nuances of the roof ventilation device Natural ventilation of the roof

A proper ventilation system should work on its own, allowing air to move naturally from the bottom up. In this way, it turns out to normalize the circulation of air masses, which is responsible for the ventilation of the house and the under-roof space.

About the types of ventilation, devices for its provision and how you can make ventilation on the roof yourself - this article.

Types of ventilation

According to building codes, each residential building must be provided with at least three ventilation ducts:

fanovym - for removal of air from the sewerage.
kitchen, basement, channel in order to remove air from the bathroom or living rooms - these elements provide ventilation at home and normalize the microclimate in the premises, remove exhaust air with a high content of humidity, burning or kitchen odors, and so on.
channel for roof ventilation, which is needed to ventilate the roofing pie and the attic.

Important! The methods and places for installing ventilation ducts can be different, but most often it is customary to bring them to the roof.

It has been established that natural draft will be sufficient to ventilate the house with a pipe height of more than two meters. That is why, most often, pipes are installed on the roofs of houses. In addition to the usual round pipes, square boxes or shafts, flat aerators or compact deflectors can be used - all these elements are needed to increase the air flow.

The correct arrangement of the ventilation system is easily checked by its performance. High-quality ventilation of the roof in winter should prevent the freezing of the roofing cake, the formation of ice and frost on the inside of the roof, and the penetration of cold air into the house. At the same time, in the summer, a cool microclimate should be maintained in the under-attic space, every minute the warmed-up air should be replaced by a fresh portion of air masses from the street.

The ventilation of the house and its rooms is checked by normal temperature and humidity - in summer the house should be cooler than outside, and in winter it should be kept warm.

Important! If mold appears on the walls or ceiling, condensation accumulates, this indicates a violation of the normal air circulation, including the malfunction of the ventilation system.

Elements to improve ventilation

Natural draft, based on the difference in height and pressure of the air column, is often not enough to ensure normal air circulation in the under-roof space or in the house.

Lack of circulation leads to such consequences as:

accumulation of condensate and the appearance of mold;
rusting of metal parts and roof structures;
crumbling of concrete structural elements
rotting and drying out of wood;
wetting of thermal insulation, its damage and inefficiency.

All this will soon lead to a violation of the integrity of the waterproofing and the appearance of leaks in the roof. This means that the roof will have to be repaired or replaced, so it is much more efficient to immediately install a good ventilation system.

To enhance traction, special elements are used:

Aerators look like flat plates. This device constantly maintains low pressure, the air in the aerator is rarefied. Thanks to this, a pressure difference is easily created - the exhaust air is removed from the under-roof space quickly and easily. Elements may vary in size, as well, for different types of roofs they will need a different number. The rule for installing aerators on the roof is that the step between the devices should not exceed 12 meters. Installation is carried out at the highest points of the roof, it is better to choose the joints of the insulation for this.
Ridge aerators necessary for pitched roofs. These elements are mounted along the ridge line, providing increased natural ventilation of the under-roof space. Ridge aerators are combined with any roofing materials, they are especially important for roofs covered with flexible tiles. But the slope of the slopes should be certain - from 15 to 45 degrees. On such roofs, it is initially supposed to equip ridge air vents, and aerators are inserted into these grooves. At the stage of roof repair, you can cut out the area under the aerator with a jigsaw or other element. Be sure to monitor the tightness of the ridge aerator, because it is installed in the center of the roof - improper installation will lead to leaks.
Deflectors work on the principle of convection - moist air and steam are removed from the roofing cake with the help of these devices, ensuring its drying and ventilation. According to building codes, at least one deflector must be installed for every 100 squares of roofing.

To bring ventilation ducts to the roof, it is necessary to make a preliminary calculation.

Attention! Often, all ventilation ducts leading from different parts of the house are combined into one shaft. As practice shows, this method will be effective only with a very competent calculation and installation of all elements of the system. Doing everything with your own hands, it is better to bring three separate ventilation ducts to the roof.

An error in calculations or installation will lead to the fact that kitchen odors, sewer “aromas” will spread throughout the house, the microclimate and the circulation of flows in the under-roof space will be disturbed.

When is Roof Ventilation Needed?

It is difficult to argue with the fact that any residential building needs ventilation - it is always performed in the form of dormer windows, air ducts, channels in the walls or with the help of special electrical devices that enhance traction.

But not all owners treat the ventilation of the under-roof space with the required seriousness. However, there are types of roofs that must be equipped with a separate ventilation system:

roofs covered with shingles, need good ventilation due to their design features. The fact is that bituminous tiles are mounted with glue; for the normal strength of the roof, the sheathing step should be minimal. The most effective solution is a solid crate made of moisture-resistant plywood, knocked down boards or OSB boards. Such a design does not have natural gaps, and the material of the tile itself does not allow air to pass through - this will lead to stagnation of air masses, a violation of the microclimate under the roof and even in the house. To avoid this, gaps are made on the gables, along the cornice line and in the roof ridge. Supplement ventilation with special elements (aerators, deflectors).
also need enhanced ventilation, because it is supposed to be inhabited by people who need a sufficient amount of oxygen and fresh air. But the main function of the system in such structures is to save heat during the cold period and maintain a cool temperature in winter. It uses natural air circulation - a warm stream is displaced by a cold one that comes from below. This method allows you to strengthen the thermal insulation, which on mansard roofs lies directly under the ceiling. You definitely need a vapor barrier membrane that will remove wet steam from the residential attic to the street, while at the same time protecting the inner surface of the roof and insulation from the accumulation of condensate.
roofs treated with metal profiles, must have a number of air ducts equal to 1% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe slope. At the same time, the number and size of vents for supply air must correspond to the dormer windows for outflow. The distance from the insulation to the roofing sheets should not be less than 5 cm, therefore, a timber of the appropriate thickness is chosen for the crate.

How to install ventilation on the roof

The ventilation duct is usually laid in the walls, so the ventilation pipes are mounted on that part of the roof that rests on the load-bearing walls of the house. You need to understand that high pipes and boxes installed in the highest part of the roof, in fact, are a sail. Strong wind puts a lot of pressure on these systems, which can lead to the destruction of ventilation. Installation of pipes above load-bearing walls strengthens the entire structure.

Having decided on the installation site, you can proceed with the installation of the ventilation system:

Purchase the necessary ventilation elements that correspond to the roofing material, the size of the slopes, and the shade.
A hole is made in the roofing material. A template is applied to the roof, which usually comes in a set with ventilation elements, outlined with a marker and cut out.
The same cutout must be transferred to all layers of the roofing cake.
In accordance with the same template, holes for self-tapping screws are made.
The roof surface is cleaned and degreased.
The gasket included in the kit is treated with sealant on the inside. Connect the contours of the seal to the cutout in the roof and press the gasket.
The ventilation element is placed on the seal and fixed with self-tapping screws.
A pipe is inserted into the passage element and its verticality is checked.

Important! The reliability of the installation of the ventilation element should be evidenced by the excess sealant squeezed out from under the gasket.

Conclusion

You can bring ventilation to the roof with your own hands. At the same time, it is imperative to comply with all building codes and rules for installing the system.

The under-roof ventilation scheme includes several types of devices, each of them performs its work, so the choice should be made taking into account the type and materials of the roof.

The design of all types of roofs includes several veins, like on a pie. And each layer needs free passage of air. Such a system protects each layer, and most importantly the insulation, from condensation and mold formation. Therefore, it is so important to know the features of each device, depending on the structural features of the roof.

If you hope to protect the insulation on one side with a layer of waterproofing, and on the other - with a layer of vapor barrier and at the same time refuse to equip the roof with a ventilation system, in this case condensation will occur. The homeowner suffers a deterioration in the thermal insulation of the roof, wooden structures rot, and the service life of the roof structure is reduced. Therefore, it is important to know the answers to the questions - why, why and what devices are better to install for your roof.

Reasons for the formation of moisture in the roofing cake

The question - why moisture occurs in the hermetic laying of thermal insulation, worries the owners of residential buildings. But the answer is very simple. Some content of moist air increases in wet weather. At high temperatures, a layer of condensate settles in the inner part of the roof and on the thermal insulation. Poorly made vapor barrier, voids in the masonry walls add moisture.

In the conditions of housing construction, it is almost impossible to ensure the complete tightness of the layer. These factors lead to the decomposition of the insulation layer and the destruction of the wooden structure of the roof. Therefore, ensuring reliable and sufficient ventilation of the roof structure is one of the main works in creating normal building operating conditions.

Important. Professionally and qualitatively manufactured structures of the roofing system and selected materials and devices are the main conditions for creating comfortable living conditions in the building and increasing the service life without accidents and roof repairs.

Rules and features of creating a reliable and durable roof

To ensure efficient removal of exhaust air from the premises and moisture from under the roof, the building is equipped with a system in which under-roof ventilation is one of the components of the entire cycle.

With a complex roof configuration with multi-level planes, air mass flows are separated. This is necessary to ensure the change of air in the under-roof space at least 4 times within 2 hours. In this case, the angle of the roof slope should be taken into account. When the tilt angle is less than 200, the ventilation system will work unstably. The greater the angle of inclination, the better the ventilation of the space under the roof.

For improvement, the installation of an additional exhaust device - an aerator is provided. These products are located in areas with a complex shape, with an insufficient level of removal of moist air. It is better to mount the aerator near the ridge. The normal level of thermal insulation of the roof and a long service life is ensured by means of ventilation devices, so even installation on a flat roof of a forced system using electricity will not be unprofitable.

Important. To ensure each individual ventilation outlet, various passage parts are used that are not included in the scheme package and require selection taking into account the roofing material.

Details for roof ventilation

The roof air exchange system is mandatory for the arrangement of roofs of various configurations and materials. For such purposes, the installation of the following parts is provided:

eaves and ridge products;
roof fans;
making special holes in the roof covering;
ventilation skates;
in the presence of an attic, the installation of dormer windows is provided;
ventilation ducts;
when installing the coating, it is provided for the manufacture of one or two gaps for ventilation.

Methods for arranging a roof ventilation system

One of the main methods is the installation of roof aerators near the roof ridge. A point location is possible, but the best solution would be to install a continuous trough of aerators. These devices are located along the entire edge of the roof structure, if possible, together with the main ventilation system of the house.

Such details do not violate the architecture of the house. The installation is carried out during the installation of the roof, the roof covering is installed on the aerators. With this method, mounting foam and a special tape for sealing joints are not used. This will block the flow of air into the under-roof cavities.

For the implementation of work, special devices are used to facilitate installation work:

a stove equipped with channels for the passage of air;
separate air element;
ventilation roll.

Ventilated cornice device

This method provides a gap for the passage of air into the under-roof space, which leads to greater efficiency of the entire ventilation scheme of the house. It can be performed in several ways:

the gap system between the flooring of the cornices and the material of the walls of the house - a soffit device;
ventilation grilles are installed in the gaps;
a device in which a special material with manufactured products is installed above the cornice overhangs.

Thermal insulation material is not laid in these places in order to prevent the flow of fresh air masses from stopping. Protecting the channels, they are covered with gratings, gutter parts or snow retainers

Valley device

This is the most complex device. It is also called the gutter of the roof. They are used with a short cornice overhang, longer grooves, and the installation of several ventilation gaps. To ensure ventilation of the thermal insulation, a number of ventilation openings are made in the film, on each span of the roof rafters, it is possible to manufacture a continuous channel.

In more difficult conditions, air aeration elements are located throughout the valley, this method is especially effective with a sharper angle of inclination of the roof. Flat roofs require the installation of fans, inertial turbines and high ventilation nozzles. But this method will require more work, an increase in the cost of installation work, equipment, and you will also need to pay electricity bills.

Arrangement of a dormer window

This is the most commonly used way to solve attic ventilation problems, it gives the roof an unusual appearance with reliable performance. Windows are made in different shapes, so they are used as a decorative decoration of the building. A gable window is installed on metal or soft roof coverings, a single-slope window is equipped with roofs made of any materials.

This type of ventilation is expensive, but it fully justifies them with its high ventilation rates and the beautiful appearance of the building.

Ensuring the free passage of fresh air into the under-roof cavities and removing moisture are the main tasks that ventilation of the under-roof space copes with. It is necessary to provide such a device for all types of roofs.

Depending on the material and type of roof, the use of various air supply designs is envisaged. They can be external and internal.

The ventilation system of the entire building will be more productive and inexpensive if the height of the roof and its shape are chosen in advance and correctly. Another factor is the determination of the type of devices, their installation locations and the conclusions of all channels of the ventilation system at home. The fulfillment of these tasks and the subsequent high-quality installation of all parts will increase the life of the ventilation of the entire building and the safety of the roof.

A lot depends on how well and soundly the roof is made. The durability of the building, the safety of the people living in the house, the comfort of the inhabitants - this is not the whole list of what the roof affects. Therefore, during its construction, it is necessary to observe a number of technological mandatory measures, one of which is the ventilation device, i.e. roof ventilation.

Roof ventilation is necessary to protect the roof and the entire house from rotting, high humidity, etc.

The absence or its incorrect organization can lead to disastrous consequences. Among them are the rotting of load-bearing rafters and beams, the accumulation of moisture under the roofing material, which leads to a decrease in the thermal insulation characteristics of the house, decay and the formation of putrefactive fungi in the boards of the crate. As a result, possible failures of the roof, as well as rust and destruction of the metal elements of the building.

In addition, the possible formation of ice under the roof with a lack of ventilation can damage other utilities in the house, such as chimneys, drain pipes, and disrupt the power supply to the entire house. All these consequences lead to significant financial and physical costs for repair work.

Therefore, in order to avoid these and many more troubles associated with the roof, it is necessary to correctly perform such an engineering element as roof ventilation. Without the arrangement of roof ventilation, it is very difficult to imagine a private building or a country house.

Benefits of roof ventilation

Ventilation, in addition to extending the life of the house, provides a number of undeniable advantages:

maintaining relatively constant humidity and temperature in the attic or residential attic, if equipped;
saving the thermal insulation characteristics of the insulation material, which reduces heating costs and allows you to maintain an acceptable temperature in the premises of the 1st floor;
the temperature is evened out over the entire roof, which allows ice and snow not to accumulate, but to drain and not create excessive pressure on the roof;
decrease in air temperature in residential premises during the warm season due to the constant movement of air masses in the arranged ventilation.

If the room under the roof is residential, then roof ventilation is a must. It does not matter in which climate zone the building is located.

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Structural solutions for roof ventilation

Roof ventilation can be done using one, if the size of the roof allows it, or several building techniques that complement each other at the same time:

Roof fans are required for roof ventilation.

installation of special roof fans that will carry out forced ventilation, while it is necessary to take into account ways to provide them with power;
device for cornice or ridge ventilation;
laying of special roofing elements during the installation of the roof, which are equipped with ventilation holes;
arrangement of several ventilation gaps during the installation of the roof;
equipment of additional branches in the ventilation ducts, which are located in the attic and carry out ventilation of the house.

The use of all these methods at the same time, of course, is possible if the roof is large and complex. However, it must be remembered that drafts are unacceptable, because this can also adversely affect the temperature of residential premises, violate the integrity and characteristics of thermal insulation. Therefore, ventilation should provide air flow, and not a strong movement of air masses. Ventilation is considered normal and sufficient if there is a 2-fold movement of air along the roof within an hour.

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Ventilation device: features

The movement of air for ventilation begins with holes in the roof eaves and gaps. Such holes are left in overhangs on all sides of the roof. There are certain sizes of ventilation gaps, which depend on the angle of the finished roof. For example, for roofs with a slope greater than 15 degrees, 10 mm openings are acceptable, and for slopes with a slope of less than 15 degrees, a 25 mm ventilation hole is made.

There are types of eaves for ventilation:

a gap that is made between the cornice sheathing and the wall of the house;
inserting ventilation grilles of any design (round, rectangular) into a hemmed cornice board;
special tiles, which are equipped with air ducts for ventilation and fit in the 4th row, if you start counting from the overhang, and this will be above the level of the attic floors.

It should be noted that when laying heat-insulating materials along cornice overhangs, ventilation gaps and openings located in them should not be filled with insulation in order to prevent obstruction of the air flow.

Further, moving along the roof, the air rises and exits through the ventilation ducts of the ridge tiles to the outside. Most often, the tiles of such a special device are placed in the 2nd row from the ridge or directly on the ridge. To do this, replace the usual tiles with a special one.

Manufacturers produce several types of roof valves, which, depending on the model, can be used in various places on the roof. Some of these vents may have a corrugated ventilation pipe attached to them, which is then connected to the house's ventilation ducts that run through the attic. At the same time, the number and frequency of installation of roof valves depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof and the climate in which the house is built.

In addition, some special roof valves are equipped with a deflector cap, which improves ventilation draft, which means that fewer installations are allowed on the ridge. Structurally, such a ridge valve is equipped with a cap that will not allow precipitation to penetrate into the room through it. This ventilation element of the roof can replace 1 ordinary ridge tile. Some of the roof valves can be installed not only on the ridge, but also mounted on the roof slope.

Such a roof element is equipped with a ventilation hole, which is closed with a grate, only on one side of the valve, and all the others are deaf. Such a valve is placed on a slope, with the deaf side facing the ridge, and the ventilation side facing the cornice overhangs. This arrangement does not allow precipitation to penetrate under the roofing material under any climatic conditions. All vent valves are supplied with fixing elements that are applicable only to this selected design and are provided by the manufacturer in the kit.

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Installation of ventilation tiles

Before starting the installation, it is necessary to determine the design of the ventilation tiles (roof valves) and their number. The area for which 1 valve is designed is indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer or is taken at the rate of 1\300 - 1\500 of the total attic area.

If the installation of roofing tiles is carried out during the laying of the main roofing material, then its fastening is carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions and is not much different from the installation of ordinary tiles.

If the roofing has already been installed, the installation is a sequence of actions that are performed after a place has been chosen for fixing tiles with ventilation:

it must be carefully removed from the place where the tiles will be placed;
with a nail or other object that leaves a mark on the waterproofing of the roof (or crate), mark the place of future fixing;
in the waterproofing layer, a cut is made with a sharp knife.

Start the cut with small incisions at the marked corners, and then cut diagonally from these corners.

4 triangles are formed, which, when bent, will form a rectangular hole, the size of which must exactly match the ventilation hole of the tile. If a template for making such a cut is included in the set of tiles with blowers, then this greatly facilitates the task of making it. Then:

in the incision, the safety part, which is included in the kit, is installed;
a tile is put on top of the safety detail;
the final fixing is carried out with the attached elements for these purposes to the crate, this will allow it not to move when precipitation flows down the roof;
the rest of the space around the open space is filled with the main roofing material.

During the construction of private houses, much attention is paid to protecting the roof from external factors. The roof is constantly exposed to precipitation, gusts of wind, as well as heating from the sun's rays. Condensation is also dangerous. Properly equipped roof ventilation solves all these problems, and it doesn’t matter if an attic or an ordinary attic is located under it.

The roof needs proper ventilation

Moisture that accumulates under the roof of a private house adversely affects the condition of wooden beams and ceilings. Their damage worsens not only the strength, but also the thermal insulation properties of flat and pitched roofs.

The importance of good roof ventilation

Roof ventilation performs several tasks. All of them allow you to extend the life of the roofing itself and ensure the reliability of the wooden elements placed under it. The owners of their own houses know that in order to ensure the most comfortable microclimatic conditions in a residential area, the roof should be insulated. But, sometimes people forget that the effectiveness of the insulation decreases when it is exposed to moisture. For this reason, ventilation should be installed. Its absence also adversely affects other building materials.

Often, ventilation of the roof in a private house allows you to save the wooden base for the roof from rotting. In addition, the very condition of the roof surfaces suffers. Roofing material is susceptible to deformation and corrosion. The result of this is the formation of cracks, gaps and holes. Any violation of the solidity of the roof leads to the fact that it begins to leak. The subsequent influence destroys the building materials placed under it and makes the roof unstable to high and low temperatures. And the lack of thermal insulation or its violation affects the microclimate of the residential part of the room. Such problems are especially noticeable in winter and summer.

Roofing is one of the most difficult and important stages in the construction of a residential building. Roofing materials must be selected according to all the necessary requirements not only for their installation, but also to ensure reliability and long service life. Equally important is the choice of insulation, which minimizes the formation of condensate on surfaces under the roof.

What materials are used for roof insulation?

For the arrangement of a warm roof, it is important that the insulating material meets all the norms and standards that are acceptable specifically for roofing. Most often, for these purposes are used:

mineral wool in mats or rolls;
polyurethane foam boards;
polystyrene boards.

For roofs, any materials are suitable, in the instructions of which there is a mark on the properties of thermal conductivity. It is most often expressed in terms of W / (m-K). For insulated roofs, it is important that the heat-insulating material is laid in accordance with all norms and standards of construction work. This will ensure the quality of insulation from the influence of weather factors.

Builders recommend giving preference to roofing insulation with a thermal conductivity index of 0.35 or 0.40 W / (m-K). In addition, the thickness of the insulated layer can be different. The choice of the required size is determined by the use of certain types of roofs, as well as the design of its wooden frame.

Options for thermal insulation work

There are 3 options for supplying the roof with insulating material, which provide high-quality thermal insulation protection of the room:

insulation between the rafters;
laying insulation under the rafters;
applying insulation to the rafters.

Each option has its own characteristics, as well as advantages and disadvantages. For a roof without an attic along it, you can use the easiest way - between the rafters. It has its own features:

the roof must be tightly insulated, without gaps and gaps;
over the entire area to be insulated, the distance between the insulation and the roof is at least 2 cm;
a vapor-tight film is laid on the inside of the insulation.

When choosing heaters, you can also stop at the choice of material, one side of which already has a vapor barrier layer. The use of such material allows you to abandon the roof gap (between the roof and insulation).

No less important is whether the old roof is being repaired or a new one is being built. Before insulation, you should check the quality of all wooden beams and ceilings - the skeleton for the roof. Rotten and damaged elements must be replaced and covered with special coatings that protect against moisture.

Roof ventilation

Advantages of ventilation on insulated roofs

The correct ventilation scheme under the roof of the house allows you to:

ensure ventilation of the under-roof space;
create optimal microclimatic conditions in the attic;
maintain the quality of thermal insulation;
prevent mold growth on building materials.

Among the shortcomings, the most serious is the complexity of performing a complex of all works. After all, it is important not only to carry out the installation of the ventilation itself on the roof, but also to take care of the installation of thermal insulation.

In addition, if an attic is planned under the roof, the quality of work is most important. For a warm home, it is important that it is dry and comfortable all the time.

Making ventilation is not so easy. A large number of factors should be taken into account, such as: the shape of the roof, its level, the presence of chimneys, and the type of roofing materials used. It is very difficult to give preference to one or another ventilation scheme. Therefore, its design is carried out before the start of the construction itself.

Ventilation is laid at the stage of roof construction

Possible ventilation elements

Roof ventilation elements are selected depending on the type and shape of the roof, as well as the materials used in this. Under roofing, the necessary air exchange is achieved in several ways. High-quality ventilation is provided by:

ridge device between two slopes;
cornices;
exhaust fans;
special ventilation windows;
gaps conceived when designing the roof;
dormer windows.

The installation of one or another element, as well as its operation, depend on the features of the building, the location of ventilation pipes and other items and equipment on the roof. On roofs, one, two or more ventilation circuits can be used for high-quality ventilation.

Roofing materials that are used for all stages of construction must be pre-calculated according to the available drawings. The lack of any material or their savings can adversely affect the thermal conductivity and moisture resistance of the structure.

Dormer windows - an element that facilitates ventilation

soft top ventilation

Ventilation of a soft roof requires some implementation of some rules for the installation of the roofing itself. The natural movement of air is possible only with a fixed gap between the building materials - tiles. Roof ventilation also requires:

Installation of a ventilation air gap between the roof and the insulation at least 50 mm. A wooden beam is inserted into it.
Leave gaps at the bottom of the slopes on the roof. They should be covered with nets or decorative lattices.
Installation of special aerators or ridge products to remove moist air and unpleasant odors.

For a soft roof, ventilation schemes with one or two circuits can be used.

The need to use one or another method is determined by specialists. Builders consider the double-circuit model of the ventilation type to be the most effective for a soft roof roof.

We must not forget that the ventilation of soft material can be both natural and forced. Therefore, for soft roofs, special devices are often installed - aerators. In its cavity, a decrease in atmospheric pressure is provided. This leads to the fact that no matter how warm the weather is outside, the thrust will always be strong.

If the roof is made of corrugated board

Roof ventilation from corrugated board should be as efficient as possible. After all, this material is most susceptible to the harmful effects of condensate. Therefore, builders often make it multi-layered. For roofs that will not be used by residents, only one waterproofing gasket under the corrugated board is enough. But, if the roof needs to be created for the attic, more layers should be organized. The house will be warm and dry if a layer of:

vapor barrier;
waterproofing;
air gap, adjustable bar.

Covering the roof should be in accordance with the same rules and regulations that are used for roofs with flexible tiles. For it, ventilation gaps between the bottom of the slopes, aerators and cornices can also be used.

Aerators are the most efficient devices that can be used to remove air. But, you should know that for their installation you will need to make through holes in the roof. We must not forget about waterproofing. When installing the exhaust element itself, the gap formed between it and the roof should be smeared with sealant.

A corrugated roof requires a special layer

Hip design ventilation

Hip roof ventilation differs little from other roof options. Hip plates are installed at several levels, forming a stepped slope. The ventilation effect itself is achieved by installing a special cornice in the space under the roof, as well as an aerator or other types of hood.

The hip roof should be hemmed with wood. But, this should be done so that there are gaps between the boards.

Sheathing of cornices can also be carried out with the help of spotlights. Such materials already have special slots for air movement. In addition, such a ventilation system can be supplemented with supply-type grilles.

The hip roof is ventilated with a special cornice

Flat roof ventilation

Flat roof ventilation also has its own characteristics. In addition, they are acceptable for an apartment building. For its implementation, it is necessary to create a "pie" from the following materials:

roof base (flat metal sheets having a seam connection, etc.);
vapor barrier;
mineral wool;
concrete screed;
polyurethane mastic;
building materials for interior decoration.

For ventilation of a flat roof, deflectors are used, which are installed in the heat-insulating layer. This method of attic air exchange allows you to maximize the protection of residential or non-residential space from moisture. In addition, for a flat roof, bulk or sprayed materials can be used. They allow you to provide the best insulation from external factors.

If a folded surface is used, the design of the cake may be different. Most often, only the roof itself is used, as well as a heat-insulating and moisture-proof layer.

Mosquito nets may be needed to protect seam roof vents from insects, as well as birds and rodents. Builders recommend in such houses to do only forced ventilation. The natural type is only suitable for seam roofs with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 12 square meters.

Shed roof ventilation

Homeowners who want to make a living room or attic out of the attic are often interested in how to properly ventilate a shed roof. It is inconvenient and wrong to use special skates and aerators on such structures. Therefore, shed roofs are created with a gap between the insulation - the air circuit. A gap at the bottom of the slope is used as an air inflow. It is covered with bars or spotlights.

But, you should know that ventilation will be effective only if the shed roof is located at an angle of at least 5 degrees.

There is also an upper slope limit. For shed roofs, according to the norms of SNIP, it is allowed to “fill up” the roof by no more than 20 degrees. According to the builders, this version of the roof is one of the simplest and cheapest. In order to build a shed structure with good ventilation, it is enough to make an air circuit in insulation. If it is not enough, ventilation pipes can be installed.

Moisture can enter the house from the outside in the form of precipitation and from the inside as condensate. Its presence in the premises leads to the spread of harmful microorganisms and mold, which will be difficult to cope with. To prevent this and increase the life of a home with a warm attic, a roof ventilation system will help.

Appointment of forced ventilation of the roof of the house

When arranging a home ownership roofing pie with a residential attic, experts observe the principle of complete tightness, placing the materials in layers, overlapping each other. Thanks to the device of such a system, reliable protection against moisture is created and heat remains indoors.

At the same time, the "pie" is an obstacle to exhaust through the roof. Therefore, they make a forced ventilation system in a residential building, which is mounted in accordance with the requirements prescribed in SNiP.

This design solves a number of problems:

It releases warm air saturated with water vapor into the atmosphere, which is collected in rooms located on the lower floors. If there is no effective exhaust, steam begins to settle on the elements of the rafter system in the form of condensate.
It does not allow excessive dampness and an unpleasant smell to appear inside the attic room. The roof ventilation system creates an influx of air from the surrounding atmosphere, which contributes to the creation of a favorable microclimate in the house.
In hot weather, it lowers the heating temperature of the roof surface. Properly equipped ventilation can minimize it.
Provides protection of the roof surface from ice build-up. Due to the difference between the temperature outside and inside a warm house, the snow mass begins to thaw. As a result, ice is constantly formed, which is not easy to deal with.
The original qualities of the heat-insulating material are preserved. An increase in the humidity level of the insulation by 5-10% due to the formation of condensate leads to an increase in its thermal conductivity by 35-50%. Even in the case of complete drying, this indicator does not return to its original value.
In accordance with the provisions of SNiP, an attic can be called habitable if it has a forced ventilation system. In this case, the total area of the ventilation outlets must be at least 1/300 of the roof surface.

Roof ventilation elements

Forced ventilation operates according to the principle of convection: since warm air is lighter, its flows move upwards, while freeing up space for cool air masses with a large weight. Often also installed, facilitating air circulation.

According to the provisions of SNiP, in order to provide an exhaust hood, the following elements of roof ventilation will be required:

Cornice products. Through them, atmospheric air penetrates under the roof with an attic. For the manufacture of products, inexpensive lumber is used, which is attached with a small gap, or special designs - spotlights, which are metal or plastic panels with partially applied perforation. Through these openings, air can freely enter the room.
Dormer windows. They serve to extract and provide air access. Such windows are equipped if the attic room in the house is not heated, and it is not used for living.
Ridge aerators. This perforated ventilation element is mounted along the ridge of the mansard pitched roof. It serves to bring the heated air out of the room.
Pitched deflectors. These devices are nothing more than pipes for ventilation. Install these air ducts on the roof, on the slopes. They consist of a tube with a cross section of 20-50 millimeters, which is laid through the layers of an insulating cake. From above, the deflectors are equipped with a protective mesh and a cap.
Roofing material of modular type. Lay a coating of individual tiles, leaving gaps for the circulation of air masses. From the point of view of arranging ventilation, this material is a better solution for roofs with a warm attic than sheet steel or soft bituminous tiles.

Roof ventilation elements for a heated attic and a cold attic differ significantly. For non-residential premises, two dormer windows and cornice products will suffice.

If a residential attic is designed, then installation of a more complex system will be required, consisting of:

pitched deflectors;
cornice products;
ridge aerator.

According to SNiP, the number of ventilation holes is determined taking into account the area of the roofing surface at the rate of 1 - 2 pieces per 25 "squares".

Pitched deflectors and air ducts for the roof

These devices are placed on the slopes of roofs in order to remove heated air from the attic room, and moisture from the layers of the roofing pie.

Deflectors consist of the following elements:

Frame. In appearance, it resembles a bottle, which has two parts. Its lower part is placed in an insulating cake at the stage of arrangement, and the upper one is installed at the end of work. The case diameter can be 30-50 mm.
Protective filter. It is installed inside the deflector housing. A mesh or sponge filter is required to protect the ventilation structure from debris.
Umbrella or mushroom. This part is placed on the head of the housing pipe so that moisture does not penetrate into it during rain or snow.
Flange. To ensure the tightness of the junction of the deflector to the roof cake, an apron made of silicone or rubber is used.

Air ducts are mounted on the roof at a distance of 50 centimeters from the ridge - so it will be easier for warm air to go outside. Even on roofs whose area does not exceed 25 square meters, you will need to install 2 deflectors.

Rules for installing elements of the ventilation system

In order for the ventilation installed on the roof of the house to function efficiently, ensuring the circulation of air masses inside the attic, you must follow a few simple rules:

The height of the ventilation pipes above the roof of the building should be 50 centimeters.
When the pipe is brought out at a distance of 50-150 centimeters from the ridge, it is necessary that it rises 50 centimeters or more above it.
If such a pipe is installed at a distance from the ridge exceeding 3 meters, and is close to the eaves, then its height must correspond to the level of the ridge.
A pipe brought to a flat roof should rise above its surface by at least 50 centimeters.
The ventilation pipe located near the chimney is made of the same length.
The configuration of the roof is the more complex, the more ribs, slopes and valleys it has, which means that it needs more exits to provide efficient exhaust.
In regions with severe winters, ventilation ducts must be insulated to prevent the structure from freezing at sub-zero daily temperatures.
When installing pitched aerators, special attention should be paid to the tightness of the joints, since moisture can penetrate through them, which over time can destroy the roof pie and its truss system.
It is necessary to select the elements of the ventilation system so that they are made by one manufacturer, and then the products will complement each other optimally.

Natural roof ventilation

The creation of such ventilation does not require energy costs, so its arrangement is preferable. Recently, however, roofs of complex architecture have been increasingly erected. They lack the natural ventilation of the roof and then there is a need to create a forced system.