On the eve of the May holidays, advice from Dr. Leonid Roshal on how to recognize dangerous bites from domestic and wild animals and how to provide first aid medical care in such cases, are more relevant than ever.
Bites from wild and domestic animals lead to the formation of so-called bite wounds. Their peculiarity is that there is a high risk:
- wound infections caused by bacteria in animal saliva;
- tetanus infection;
- rabies infection.
Algorithm of actions:
- stop the bleeding;
- treat the wound;
- apply a bandage;
- seek medical attention.
A bite wound is a good reason to seek medical help. A rare exception is those cases when the bite is shallow, superficial and it is reliably known that the animal is healthy and vaccinated.
Wasp, bee, hornet, bumblebee stings: symptoms and first aid
The venom of these insects contains biologically active amines, the action of which can cause a severe allergic reaction.
Symptoms:
- A sharp pain reaction with redness and swelling in the affected area.
- With multiple bites, vomiting, convulsions, and loss of consciousness are possible.
- An allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock, urticaria) may develop.
Algorithm of actions:
- If there is a sting left in the skin, remove it with tweezers, grasping it as close to the skin as possible.
- To reduce pain and swelling, apply ice to the bite site for 10 minutes.
- Apply antiallergic ointment.
- If the swelling at the site of the bite is very pronounced, the redness area is more than 10 cm, and severe itching is noted, give the child a general antiallergic drug.
- If severe itching persists, swelling increases and the diameter of the redness increases, administer a hormonal anti-inflammatory drug.
Great article! God forbid, of course, that anyone should encounter such serious bites and no less serious consequences dangerous to health.
Regarding jellyfish burns, I can recommend Lioxazine. We took it with us on vacation this summer as a remedy for sunburns and abrasions. We went into the sea to swim and a jellyfish stung me right in the stomach. Let me try Lioxazine, I think. Is this a burn? Burn. So I attached a napkin. The redness began to subside quite quickly, as did the pain (it contains lidocaine).
I hope this information helps someone!
Very important information. It seems to me that every person and especially those who have children simply need to know it!!! I have a daughter and we often walk in nature, go fishing, or just go somewhere warm to relax, and such troubles may well happen there. As they say, no one is immune from this!!! Thank you very much for the information. Very useful and important!
07.06.2014 18:13:34,Total 3 messages .
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IN summer time a person can be bitten by a bee, wasp, bumblebee, snake, and in some areas - a scorpion, tarantula or other poisonous insects. The wound from such bites is small and resembles a needle prick, but poison penetrates through it, which, depending on its strength and quantity, either acts first on the area of the body around the bite, or immediately causes general poisoning.
Poisonous snake bites
Poisonous snake bites are life-threatening. Usually snakes bite a person on the leg when he steps on them. Therefore, you should not walk barefoot in places where there are snakes. Snake bites are most dangerous when the venom enters a blood or lymphatic vessel. When poison enters the skin, intoxication increases over 1-4 hours. The toxicity of the poison depends on the type of snake. Cobra venom is the most dangerous for humans. All other things being equal, poisoning is more severe in children and women, as well as in persons under the influence of alcohol.
Symptoms of a poisonous snake bite: burning pain at the site of the lesion, two deep puncture wounds, redness, swelling, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, blisters with fluid, necrotic ulcers, dizziness, nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, tachycardia. After half an hour, the leg can almost double in volume. At the same time, signs of general poisoning appear: loss of strength, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure, fainting, collapse.
First aid for poisonous snake bites:
- It is necessary to apply a tourniquet or twist above the bitten area to prevent the poison from entering other parts of the body (only for cobra bites for 30-40 minutes);
- the bitten limb must be lowered and try to squeeze out the blood containing the poison from the wound;
- immediately begin intensive suction of the poison from the wound with your mouth for 10-15 minutes (previously squeeze the fold of skin in the area of the bite and “open” the wound) and spit out the contents; You can pull the blood along with the poison from the wound using a medical jar, glass or shot glass with thick edges. To do this, hold a lit splinter or cotton wool on a stick in a jar (glass or shot glass) for a few seconds and then quickly cover the wound with it;
- ensure immobility of the affected limb (splint or fixing bandage); rest in a supine position during transportation to a medical facility; drinking plenty of water;
- apply cold (ice pack) to the wound; wash the wound with a 10% solution of potassium permanganate, inject into the wound 0.5% adrenaline, diphenhydramine, 1 ml of 1% solution intramuscularly; 500-1000 units of specific serum intramuscularly, deliver the victim to a medical facility.
Important! You should not suck blood from a wound with your mouth if there may be scratches or broken teeth in the mouth, through which the poison will penetrate into the blood of the person providing assistance. You should not make an incision at the site of the bite, or give alcohol in any form.
Bites of various poisonous insects
Insect bites (bees, wasps, bumblebees) lead to the appearance of both local symptoms and signs of general poisoning, and can also cause an allergic reaction in the body. Their single bites do not pose any particular danger. If there is a sting left in the wound, it must be carefully removed, and a lotion of ammonia with water or a cold compress from a solution of potassium permanganate or just cold water should be applied to the wound.
Poisonous insect bites are very dangerous. Their venom causes not only severe pain and burning at the site of the bite, but sometimes general poisoning. Symptoms resemble those of snake venom poisoning. In case of severe poisoning by spider venom karakurt within 1-2 days death may occur.
Symptoms: limited local painful inflammatory reaction: burning sensation, pain, redness, swelling (especially when stung in the face and neck). There are no general toxic effects. Chills, nausea, dizziness, and dry mouth are mild. If general toxic phenomena are strongly expressed, this indicates an increased sensitivity of the body to insect poisons and the development of allergic reactions, which can cause death.
First aid for insect bites:
- Quickly remove the bee sting and squeeze out the poison from the wound;
- put cold on the affected area;
- moisten, drip galazolin, alcohol, validol into the bite site;
- take orally antihistamines: diphenhydramine, suprastin, pipolfen;
- hot drink;
- if asthmatic syndrome develops, use a pocket inhaler;
- with the development of complete asphyxia - tracheotomy;
- call an ambulance.
Animal bites and first aid for them
A person gets rabies from the bite of a rabid dog, cat, fox, wolf or other animal. The bite site usually bleeds slightly. If your arm or leg is bitten, you need to quickly lower it and try to squeeze the blood out of the wound.
Help with a rabid animal bite:
Lesson PlanLife Safety
Lesson topic: First aid for snake and insect bites
Class: 6
The purpose of the lesson: Studying new material and developing skills in behavior when bitten by snakes and insects, providing first aid first aid for snake and insect bites
Lesson form: group, individual. (The lesson is held in the form of an explanatory and illustrative conversation-dialogue with elements of discussion)
Lesson stage
Teacher activities
Student activity
UUD
(Planned results)
I. Organizing time.
II. Statement of the problem, its solution.
Determining the purpose and objectives of the lesson.
III. Main part.
IV. Fzkultminutka. (in the middle of the lesson)
V. Group performance
VI. Reflection
Teacher. Hello guys! Let's check if everyone is present in class today.
Teacher. – In order to determine what we will study in class today. I suggest you solve a small crossword puzzle.
Teacher: And so keyword, how did you get it?
Children: Bite!
Teacher: Let's together decide on the goals of our lesson!
Children: In today's lesson we will learn about insect and snake bites!
Teacher. Are we only interested in insect bites?
Children: No, we also need to know how to provide first aid for bites.
Teacher: Yes, you're right, we will learn how to provide first aid for snake and insect bites and at the end of the lesson we will reinforce today's topic with testing.
Teacher: In order to learn how to provide first aid for bites, we need to divide into groups. Using the material (cutting text with PMP, symptoms of a bite, what is prohibited to do when bitten) that you see on the tables, you need to highlight the main thing and draw up reminders according to the following plan: symptoms of a bite, providing first aid. help, which is prohibited in case of bites.
Teacher: You have 10 minutes to complete, after which each group presents its memo.
And our granddaughter has small hands,
And the fingers on the hands are girls and boys.
Fingers live together, they are called by name:
Finger Sasha, finger Masha,
Misha Grisha and Stepan,
Zhenya's finger, Fenya's finger,
Tanya, Vanya and Roman.
These are the fingers -
Girls and boys.
Teacher: And so, you have completed the task, now I ask you to show your notes, but also to explain.
Teacher: Guys, in order to consolidate our topic today and get a grade, I suggest you take a short test. After which you can evaluate for yourself how much you understand the topic of our lesson.
Teacher: Today you have gained new knowledge, thanks to which you will now be able to provide primary care to yourself and your loved ones.
Students submit a report on those present in class
Students solve a crossword puzzle, write the correct answers on the board (where the crossword is prepared in advance)
Students write down the topic of the lesson in their notebooks.
Students complete tasks on A3 sheets, using various pictures and clippings from the text.
During the defense, students explain why they did what they did. Answer the teacher's questions.
Perform the test
Communicative and personal UUD
Cognitive, communicative UUD
Regulatory communicative and cognitive UUD
Cognitive, regulatory UUD
Communicative, personal and cognitive UUD
Cognitive, personal UUD
In the summer, a person can be bitten by a bee, wasp, bumblebee, snake, or other poisonous insects. The wound from such bites is small and resembles a needle prick, but poison penetrates through it, which, depending on its strength and quantity, either acts first on the area of the body around the bite, or immediately causes general poisoning.
Poisonous snake bites
Poisonous snake bites are life-threatening. Usually snakes bite a person's leg when he steps on them. Therefore, you should not walk barefoot in places where there are snakes. Snake bites are most dangerous when the venom enters a blood or lymphatic vessel. When poison enters the skin, intoxication increases over 1-4 hours. The toxicity of the poison depends on the type of snake. Cobra venom is the most dangerous for humans. All other things being equal, poisoning is more severe in children and women, as well as in persons under the influence of alcohol.
Symptoms of a poisonous snake bite: burning pain at the site of the injury, two deep puncture wounds, redness, swelling, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, blisters with fluid, necrotic ulcers, dizziness, nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, tachycardia. After half an hour, the leg can almost double in volume. At the same time, signs of general poisoning appear: loss of strength, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure, fainting, collapse.
First aid for poisonous snake bites:
- It is necessary to apply a tourniquet or twist above the bitten area to prevent the poison from entering other parts of the body (only for cobra bites for 30-40 minutes);
- the bitten limb must be lowered and try to squeeze out the blood containing the poison from the wound;
- immediately begin intensive suction of the poison from the wound with your mouth for 10-15 minutes (previously squeeze the fold of skin in the area of the bite and “open” the wound) and spit out the contents; You can pull the blood along with the poison from the wound using a medical jar, glass or shot glass with thick edges. To do this, hold a lit splinter or cotton wool on a stick in a jar (glass or shot glass) for a few seconds and then quickly cover the wound with it;
- ensure immobility of the affected limb (splint or fixing bandage); rest in a supine position during transportation to a medical facility; drinking plenty of water;
- apply cold (ice pack) to the wound; wash the wound with a 10% solution of potassium permanganate, inject into the wound 0.5% adrenaline, diphenhydramine, 1 ml of 1% solution intramuscularly; 500-1000 units of specific serum intramuscularly, deliver the victim to a medical facility.
Important! You should not suck blood from a wound with your mouth if there may be scratches or broken teeth in the mouth, through which the poison will penetrate into the blood of the person providing assistance. You should not make an incision at the site of the bite, or give alcohol in any form.
Bites of various poisonous insects.
Insect bites (bees, wasps, bumblebees) lead to the appearance of both local symptoms and signs of general poisoning, and can also cause an allergic reaction in the body. Their single bites do not pose any particular danger. If there is a sting left in the wound, it must be carefully removed, and a lotion of ammonia with water or a cold compress from a solution of potassium permanganate or just cold water should be applied to the wound.
Poisonous insect bites are very dangerous. Their venom causes not only severe pain and burning at the site of the bite, but sometimes general poisoning. Symptoms resemble those of snake venom poisoning. In case of severe poisoning by spider venom karakurt Death may occur within 1-2 days.
Symptoms: limited local painful inflammatory reaction: burning sensation, pain, redness, swelling (especially when stung in the face and neck). There are no general toxic effects. Mild: chills, nausea, dizziness, dry mouth. If general toxic phenomena are strongly expressed, this indicates an increased sensitivity of the body to insect poisons and the development of allergic reactions, which can cause death.
First aid for insect bites:
- Quickly remove the bee sting and squeeze out the poison from the wound;
- put cold on the affected area;
- moisten, drip galazolin, alcohol, validol into the bite site;
- take antihistamines internally: diphenhydramine, suprastin, pipolfen;
- hot drink;
- if asthmatic syndrome develops, use a pocket inhaler;
- with the development of complete asphyxia - tracheotomy;
- call an ambulance.
Animal bites and first aid for them.
A person gets rabies from the bite of a rabid dog, cat, fox, wolf or other animal. The bite site usually bleeds slightly. If your arm or leg is bitten, you need to quickly lower it and try to squeeze the blood out of the wound.
Help with a rabid animal bite:
If there is bleeding, the blood should not be stopped for some time. After this, the bite site is washed with boiled water, a clean bandage is applied to the wound and the patient is immediately sent to a medical facility, where the victim is given special vaccinations that will save him from fatal disease- rabies.
It should also be remembered that you can get rabies not only from the bite of a rabid animal, but also in cases where its saliva gets on scratched skin or mucous membrane.
First aid for a tick bite
Visiting the forest requires preliminary preparation. It is necessary to attend to preventive vaccination in the fall. The first vaccination is done in October-November, the second one in March-April. This measure allows you to minimize the risk of tick-borne encephalitis.
However, vaccination does not prevent tick bites. Therefore, you need to know how to properly provide first aid for a tick bite. If there is such a possibility, then after detecting the attached insect, it is necessary to go to an ambulance station. Specialists will carefully remove the tick and tell you where to take it for analysis. If this is not possible, then first aid for a tick bite is provided on your own.
To do this you need to take the following steps:
To eliminate the risk of infection with tick-borne encephalitis, it is recommended to submit ticks to special laboratories. If a dangerous pathogen is detected, a prophylactic course of taking specific interferons is prescribed. They do not guarantee the absence of symptoms of encephalitis, but they make the course of the disease easier.
Every person should know how to provide first aid for animal, snake, and insect bites, because it may be needed at any time. This becomes especially relevant in the warm season, when snakes wake up and many different insects appear, such as ticks, spiders, wasps, hornets and others. First aid for snake and insect bites is briefly described in this article.
Bites from domestic and wild animals
If a person is bitten by an animal, no matter whether domestic or wild, a bite wound is formed, which is dangerous because there is a risk of:
- get tetanus;
- if the animal has rabies, become infected with this disease;
- due to the fact that there are bacteria in the animal's saliva, the wound may become infected.
If a person is bitten by an animal, the first step is to do the following:
- stop the bleeding;
- by special means treat the wound;
- apply a sterile bandage to the bite site;
- Be sure to contact a medical facility.
Medical care is very important in case of an animal bite, especially when bitten by a wild or stray animal. After all, it can suffer from rabies or other diseases. It is less dangerous if the bite was made by a healthy pet that has been vaccinated in advance, and the wound is shallow.
Bee, hornet, wasp, bumblebee stings
The venom of these insects contains active substances. They can cause a severe allergic reaction in some people, which can be quite dangerous.
Symptoms:
- a strong feeling appears at the site of the bite painful sensation, the skin at the site of the lesion turns red and swells;
- if there are multiple bites, this may be accompanied by vomiting, convulsions, and even loss of consciousness;
- an allergic reaction often develops.
If a person is bitten by an insect, the following actions must be taken:
Poisonous snake bite
First aid for bites of poisonous snakes and insects should be provided immediately, since the poison, entering the blood, spreads throughout the body. It is very dangerous for human health and life when a bite is made by a viper, cobra, copperhead, efa or viper. Usually snakes are not the first to attack people; they can bite only if they are somehow disturbed, for example, touched, stepped on, etc.
A person who has been bitten by a snake most often does not know for sure whether it is poisonous or not. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately provide first aid, without waiting for symptoms to appear that the poison has begun to act. The person should be sent immediately to a nearby medical facility where he can receive emergency assistance.
Cobra bite
A cobra bite is very dangerous. In the place where the bite occurred, numbness immediately occurs and severe pain is felt. Such symptoms instantly begin to spread throughout the limb and then throughout the entire body. The initial collapse develops within the first 15-20 minutes after the bite occurs. This then affects the heart, the lungs swell, and late shock occurs. A person develops a staggering gait, which indicates a lack of coordination of movements. Paralysis of the motor muscles of the pharynx, tongue, and extraocular muscles gradually develops, as evidenced by a hoarse voice, difficulty swallowing, and shallow and infrequent breathing. Cardiac arrhythmia appears later than other symptoms.
Viper or copperhead bite
If the bite was made by a copperhead or viper, poisoning with their venom causes rapid development of edema of the injured limb. After 20-40 minutes after a snake bite, the victim begins to show signs of shock: dizziness begins, nausea appears, the skin becomes pale, the pulse is weak but frequent, blood pressure drops sharply, and loss of consciousness may occur. At the site where the bite was made, hemorrhage appears, the skin becomes of blue color. Sometimes tissue necrosis occurs. Symptoms of snake venom poisoning become most pronounced at the end of the first day.
Giving help
First aid for snake, insect, and tick bites should be provided immediately after the incident. If you are bitten by one of the poisonous snakes, it is recommended to do the following:
If the bite was made in the upper or lower limb, it is recommended:
- 5 centimeters above the place where the snake bit, it is necessary to apply a tight bandage;
- carry out immobilization;
- constantly monitor the place where the bandage is applied, loosen it as swelling of the limb increases;
- lay or sit the victim so that the limb with the wound is below the level of the heart;
- a person should drink as much as possible more water;
- if it is not possible to deliver the victim to the hospital within an hour, and his condition worsens, then an injection of a hormonal anti-inflammatory drug must be given.
When bitten by a snake, it is prohibited:
- cut or cauterize the bite area;
- apply a tourniquet.
Tick bites
These insects are carriers of a dangerous disease - tick-borne encephalitis. If you are bitten by a tick, you need to do the following:
Next, you need to contact a special laboratory with the tick removed, where it will be examined. If it confirms that the insect is infected with the encephalitis virus, emergency prevention of tick-borne encephalitis is carried out in a medical facility.
Scientists note that there are more than 20,000 species of arachnids on our planet. They are all poisonous, but to varying degrees. Most spiders have venom of low toxicity, and therefore, when biting a person, it does not cause any symptoms of poisoning. In our area, you should only be wary of tarantulas and karakurts (they are also called “black widows”).
The tarantula is a medium-sized spider, approximately 3 centimeters. Sometimes tarantulas can reach 12 centimeters. They can be black or dark brown in color. A feature of this species of spider, by which it is easy to recognize, is its body, completely covered with hairs.
Karakurt is a highly poisonous spider. It has small size, its length is only 2 centimeters. The color is black, with red spots on the belly.
Tarantula bites
The tarantula is much larger than the karakurt, and also, due to its hairiness, looks much more scary than the karakurt. But nevertheless, its bite is not so dangerous for the life of the victim. The bite of this spider is similar to a bee sting. Symptoms include the following:
- pain;
- the appearance of edema and swelling;
- heaviness and lethargy in the body;
- desire to sleep.
Symptoms disappear after a few days.
Karakurt bites
Much more dangerous, although it is almost painless and looks like a light injection. Symptoms may only be noticed after a few hours. They are expressed as follows:
- First, the skin at the site of the bite turns red and swelling appears. After an hour, the wound begins to hurt very much. The pain gradually spreads to the stomach, lower back, calves, and shoulder blades. It radiates to the soles of the feet and armpits.
- The victim feels severe weakness.
- My head is spinning.
- The face swells.
- Nausea appears.
- The person has difficulty breathing.
- Blood pressure rises sharply.
- The pulse is increased.
- Body temperature reaches 39-40 degrees.
- Some muscles begin to twitch convulsively.
- IN severe cases Pulmonary edema, convulsions, and coma may occur.
First aid for spider bites
First aid for snake and insect bites (grade 6 - the time when it is studied at school) should be provided immediately:
- An adult or child who has been bitten by a spider should make as little movements as possible.
- Take painkillers.
- Apply something cold to the bite site.
- If the bite was made to a limb, bandage it tightly 5 centimeters above the bite.
- Administer a hormonal anti-inflammatory drug if it is not possible to send the victim to a medical facility within an hour.
Now you know how to provide first aid for snake and insect bites. In life safety (security classes at school, this is studied already in the 6th grade, but gradually the knowledge is forgotten, so it would not be superfluous to recall it in memory.
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