Specially protected natural territories of the Far East. Dendrological parks and botanical gardens

On territories of thousands of square kilometers, hundreds of species of animals and plants are protected here and a lot of research work is being carried out. The reserves have a well-deserved reputation as popular places for tourism and recreation. Every year, tens of thousands of travelers from all over Russia and from abroad visit them.

On the other side of the continent

The most famous reserves of the Far East are special nature protection zones where you can observe the wildlife in its natural habitat and admire landscapes worthy of decorating the best photo albums:

• The Khanka nature reserve in - this is more than 330 species of birds nesting on the shores of Lake Khanka. Among them are Japanese and Daurian cranes and spoonbill, listed in the International Red Book. The star of the flora world of this reserve of the Far East is a blooming lotus on the lake surface.
• The Sikhote-Alin Reserve was established in 1935 with the sole purpose of preserving and restoring the sable population. Today it is included in the UNESCO lists as an object of world value, and local biologists are engaged not only in working with sable, but also in observing Amur tigers. The specially protected plants on the territory of the reserve are cedars, yews and spruces, which form groves and forests, and lakes of saline and lagoon origin are unique reservoirs inhabited by many endemic biological species.
• The largest migrating group of the Siberian roe deer on the planet is the pride of the employees of the Norsky Reserve in. Watching and protecting these rare mammals is not the only concern of biologists. Among their wards are black and Far Eastern storks, fish owl and Japanese cranes.

tiger fiefdom

The Ussuri Nature Reserve in the Far East is the most famous among tourists. Many protected species of animals live here, the king of which is considered to be the Amur tiger. And in the forests of the reserve there are East Siberian leopard and mandarin duck, black stork and Ussuri clawed newt, listed in the Red Book of Russia.
For tourists, the unique natural formations of the Ussuriysky Reserve are of undoubted interest. Limestone massifs form picturesque rocks here, many of which have their own names, for example, Serpentine Mountain and Sleeping Beauty Cave.

In Vladivostok on June 9-10 on about. Russian on the campus of FEFU hosted the Third Far Eastern Media Summit. For the first time, representatives of protected areas in the south of the Russian Far East took part in its work.

The specially protected natural territories of the south of the Russian Far East open the door for a comprehensive and mutually beneficial partnership with the media, which contributes to the formation of a favorable and positive image of the region. This position was expressed by representatives of 21 specially protected natural areas in the south of the Far East and the Trans-Baikal Territory within the framework of the Third Far Eastern Media Summit held in Vladivostok on June 9-10 this year.

The venue for the MediaSummit once again was the Far Eastern Federal University, which brought together experts not only from the Far Eastern Federal District, but also representatives of the central media, Russian and foreign guests to discuss topical issues in the field of mass communications.

The honorary participants of the MediaSummit were the Governor of the Primorsky Territory, Vladimir Miklushevsky, prominent figures in the information and communication sphere: Mikhail Seslavinsky, Ruslan Grinberg, Alexander Kopeika, Andrey Ostrovsky, Arina Sharapova, as well as representatives of the Primorye legislature and a delegation from China.

Among the more than two thousand participants of the Media Summit were representatives of print, television, radio, media communications, recognized as the best in the country, as well as the Chinese media. And this is no coincidence. In any business, it is important to be equal to the best, advanced experience, to adopt successful approaches to solving professional problems. And since, according to the guests of honor speaking at the summit, journalism is not only a skill in the profession, but also a kind of art, a talent to keep the interest and attention of many in the information space of a rapidly changing modernity, the opportunity to participate in specialized meetings became important within the framework of the MediaSummit at the round table, exchange of experience, joint discussion of the tasks facing modern journalism and existing problems.

The presence of colleagues from China gave special expressiveness to the meeting of such a high level, since by the decision of the President of the Russian Federation, V.V. Putin, in the current and subsequent 2017, the Year of Russian Media in China and the Year of Chinese Media in Russia are being held. The Chinese side has similar friendly initiatives, which was announced at the plenary session.

The section of specially protected natural areas of the south of the Far East within the framework of the MediaSummit was for the first time represented by specialists in environmental education, tourism, as well as press secretaries of the Far Eastern reserves and national parks, including the Khanka Reserve.

Among the large-scale expositions that unfolded within the walls of FEFU, they presented a specialized exhibition on the landscape and biological diversity of protected natural areas, as well as activities for its conservation.

Poster presentations, demonstration of videos, live communication at the exhibition exhibits, sale of souvenirs - everything was conducive to friendly communication between the participants of the event in order to get to know one or another protected area present at the exhibition, as well as jointly discuss plans for further constructive interaction between media workers and protected areas on the eve of the approaching Year of Ecology and the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Russian nature reserve system.

In addition, the prospects for mutually beneficial cooperation were discussed by journalists and employees of protected natural areas at a round table and as part of master classes on the topic “PAs as creators of the information field for the media”, organized by the Amur branch of WWF Russia.

Thus, specialists from protected areas proposed to involve public opinion on a larger scale through the media on the problems of wildfires, illegal fishing, environmental protection activities of protected areas, and promotion of ecological tourism as one of the main forms of reasonable and sparing nature management. Journalists, supporting the proposed initiatives, confirmed the high interest in such information and spoke in favor of the need for its timely presentation in a modern, dynamic and attractive style for the consumer.

It was also possible to continue the discussion of the issues raised by the MediaSummit within the framework of a seminar organized by the Amur branch of WWF-Russia for PA specialists on the topic “Mass events as a form of work with the local population and an information occasion for promoting PAs”.

The material was prepared by the Department of Environmental
education of the reserve "Khankaisky"

The book was published in separate editions in Russian and in English. The partners of the publication were the Kronotsky State Nature Reserve and the ANO Expocentre Zapovedniki Rossii, representatives of the PAs of the Far East took part in the work on the guide.

At the Eastern Economic Forum, the book “Reserves of the Far East. A Modern Guide" was presented by Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Vladimir Solodov and Director of the Department of State Policy and Regulation in the Development of Specially Protected Natural Areas (SPNA) and the Baikal Natural Territory of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia Alexei Titovsky.

According to Vladimir Solodov, the guide is built according to the best standards of international publishing houses and combines two qualities - colorful and practical. “The appearance of such a book in Russia is an important step,” said the head of the government of Yakutia. – On behalf of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), I can definitely say that we are interested in promoting this topic. A third of the territory of the Republic is in the regime of specially protected natural areas, our famous Lena Pillars park has just received federal status by the decision of Dmitry Medvedev. And we are determined to make ecological tourism one of the priority areas for the development of the industry.”

“The published Atlas is made brightly, professionally, objectively and concisely presents information about the features of each PA in the Far East. This publication will become a reliable and convenient guide for eco-tourists,” stressed Alexey Titovsky. The director of the relevant department of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia expressed confidence that it would be useful for tourists to have such a product when planning trips to the Far Eastern reserves and national parks.

On the territory of the Far East there are amazing landscapes and natural monuments. Several objects at once - Kamchatka volcanoes, Lena Pillars, the Sikhote-Alin ridge, Wrangel Island, Cape Stolbchaty - are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and are included in nature reserves, natural and national parks. By the way, the share of specially protected natural areas (PAs) in the Far East is higher than in other regions of the country.

The guide "Reserves of the Far East" presents 30 reserves and national parks in the region. This book is one of the few publications in Russia that speak about specially protected natural areas not in the dry language of a scientific reference book, but in a lively, bright way, so that it would be interesting to a wide range of readers. The guide is intended for everyone who is interested in the nature of the Far East or planning a trip to one of the Far Eastern regions. Up-to-date information on specially protected natural areas of the Russian Far East is collected so that a potential tourist can choose the most attractive routes for him. The publication provides detailed information about the climatic and geographical features, flora and fauna of protected areas. The most impressive sights have been selected. Particular attention is paid to tourist routes in the book: a detailed description is given, seasonality is indicated, and key infrastructure is described.

The book is illustrated with excellent photographs of the Far Eastern nature and provided with plans-schemes of protected areas.

For the PressPass publishing house, "Reserves of the Far East" is already the tenth book in the line of tourist guides. The books "Kamchatka", "Kolyma", "Yakutia", "Chukotka", "Sakhalin and the Kuriles", "Primorye", "Khabarovsk Territory", "Crimea" and "Far East" were previously published.

“The Far East is becoming more accessible for tourists from Russia and abroad. The necessary infrastructure is being created, routes are being worked out and equipped. We see that this region is unique and understand that the demand for eco-tourism will only grow in the coming years. The book prepared by our publishing house, on the one hand, is aimed at developing tourism in protected areas, and on the other hand, it is designed to teach people how to behave in protected areas, to appreciate and protect nature,” notes Aleksey Litvinov, general director of the publishing house.

In the reserve and its buffer zone, it is prohibited to take any animals and plants, pollute the natural environment, move ships and vehicles, enter, live on the coast and islands. An extensive buffer zone in the form of the projected Marine Park in the Peter the Great Bay will play an auxiliary, but essential role in the protection of the FESGMZ.

The species composition of animals and plants in the reserve is very diverse, which is associated with a significant variety of living conditions. As a result, there are both warm-water - subtropical and even tropical species, as well as cold-water - boreal and boreal-arctic; from here their larvae spread to neighboring areas of Peter the Great Bay. The hydrology of the water area of ​​the reserve is also essential for the richness of marine life.

There are 3 main vertical zones in the coastal zone: supralittoral, littoral and sublittoral. The supralittoral, or splash zone, is located above the upper level of the highest calculated tide. However, due to wind waves and especially during storms, the sea throws algae and various bottom invertebrates here. In addition, small crustaceans, some beetles and their larvae, wingless insects, and worms constantly live here. Especially large accumulations of algae and animals thrown out by the sea are noted on sandy beaches.

The next zone - the littoral, or the tidal zone - occupies the strip from the highest calculated tide to the lowest low tide. The lower boundary of the littoral is taken as 0 depths, and from it the depth and height marks are counted, plotted on sea charts. The littoral is characterized by certain animals and plants adapted to life in these peculiar conditions. In summer, during low tide, the temperature in the littoral rises significantly, in winter, ice floes moving under the influence of waves have an abrasive effect on animals and plants, and during a storm they are beaten by waves. In this regard, the organisms inhabiting the littoral have adaptive adaptations that allow them to live in this zone. They crawl into crevices and puddles between stones, cling to them or attach themselves to hard surfaces.

The largest number of species of animals and plants inhabits the sublittoral, located from the lower boundary of the littoral to a depth of 200 m. Among the population of the waters of the reserve there are more than 200 species of macroalgae and 200 species of fish, more than 300 species of bivalve and gastropod mollusks, more than 200 species of marine worms, about 100 species crustaceans, 40 - echinoderms, and other groups of cold-water - boreal-arctic and warm-water - subtropical and even tropical invertebrate marine organisms are also numerous. Tropical sharks and sea snakes have been encountered in the waters of the reserve.

2.2. Ussuri Nature Reserve named after V. L. Komarov

The main wealth of the Ussuriysky Reserve is a fairly large array of virgin liana coniferous-broad-leaved forests, which are almost not preserved either in the Russian Far East or in neighboring countries.
The reserve bears the name of academician Vladimir Leontievich Komarov, the largest domestic botanist, researcher of the flora of East Asia. He was the first to give a description of this territory, having visited it in 1913.
The reserve was created back in 1932, since then its area has significantly increased, which now amounts to 40.4 thousand hectares.

The purpose of the reserve

1. Protection of intact mountain-forest ecosystems of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin, their flora and fauna, largely related to the Manchurian complex, with a high level of endemism.

2. Preservation of rare species of plants and animals.

The reserve is located in the southern part of the Primorsky Territory on the territory of two districts (Ussuriysky and Shkotovsky) on the southern slopes of the Przhevalsky mountains. The area of ​​the protected area is 40432 hectares. There are no high mountains here (the maximum height is 498 m, Mount Grabovaya), and swift rivers. Its wealth is a relatively large array of virgin liana coniferous-deciduous forests, almost not preserved on the territory of the Russian Far East and neighboring countries.

868 species of vascular plants grow here, including 15 species listed in the Red Books of the USSR and Russia (true ginseng, dense-flowered pine, high trap, etc.), 252 species of bryophytes, 118 - lichens, 1364 - fungi, 210 - algae.

Vertebrate animals are represented by 62 species of mammals (including Red Data Book species - giant shrew, Amur tiger, Far Eastern forest cat, spotted deer, Himalayan bear, etc.); more than 160 species of birds (among them Red Book species - mandarin duck, black stork, needle-footed owl, hawk hawk, crested honey buzzard, etc.), 7 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibians (including the Ussuri lungless clawed newt listed in the IUCN Red Book), 12 species of fish and cyclostomes.

The world of invertebrates is no less rich, 32 species are rare and endangered (Uvarov's grasshopper, narrow-breasted ground beetle, etc.). On the territory of the reserve live the largest beetle of the fauna of Russia - the relic barbel, large tropical butterflies - Saturnia Artemis, Brameya Tancre, tail-bearer Maaka, freshwater mollusk - Primorskaya pearl mussel is found here.

In general, the reserve plays an important role in the protection of rare species of plants and animals. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out here, including those of direct economic importance (in particular, on the study of melliferous, medicinal, and fruit plants).

2.3. National Park "Udege Legend"

The national park "Udege legend" was created on June 09, 2007, located in the Krasnoarmeysky district of the Primorsky Territory of the Russian Federation. It includes part of the basin of the Bolshaya Ussurka River in its middle reaches and the lower part of the Armu River, as well as the lower part of the Perevalnaya River valley. On the adjacent territory, in the immediate vicinity of the borders of the national park, there are three settlements: the village of Dalniy Kut, the village of Dersu and the village of Ostrovnoye.

The main role in its formation is played by the valleys of the rivers Bolshaya Ussurka and its large right tributary - Armu, dividing the territory into three large parts.
The highest elevation within the territory is Mount Armu (1330 m). The height of the watershed ridges and mountain peaks varies from 650 to 1100 m. The bottom of the river valleys is located at elevations of 180 - 550 m.
The elephants of the mountains are covered with forests with a predominance of coniferous trees, broad-leaved species dominate in the valley part, and rock outcrops and kurumniks can also be found on the slopes of the mountains.

Among the tasks facing the national park are the preservation of the valley complex of the rivers of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin, the creation of conditions for regulated ecological tourism, the introduction of environmental education, environmental education and scientific programs, and the involvement of the local population in environmental activities. The historical and archaeological value of the territory also attracts attention - 28 archaeological monuments of various historical eras are registered here, ranging from Stone Age sites to medieval settlements.

Purpose of creation:

Preservation of the valley complex of the rivers of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin; revival of the ethnic culture of the Iman Udege; creation of conditions for regulated ecological tourism; introduction of environmental education, environmental education and scientific programs in the region and the region, involvement of the local population in environmental activities.

The national park plays an important role in the conservation of the Amur tiger, as it is one of its main habitats in winter. In the cedar-broad-leaved forests growing on the territory of the park, more than 40 species of rare and requiring special protection of plant species have been registered, about 70 species of birds nest, including 9 rare ones (fish owl, black stork, mandarin duck, black crane, etc.), over 25 species of mammals and about 10 thousand species of insects, 28 of which are listed in the Red Book of Russia.
In the territory of the park, since ancient times, the indigenous people of the Udege have been conducting traditional nature management. The local Udege also have their own sacred places, bequeathed to them by their ancestors, keeping their spirituality, history, energy, capable of influencing the fate of the taiga dweller. The valley of the Bolshaya Ussurka River (the old name is Iman) has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Monuments of archeology, various cultures and peoples are found here everywhere. Currently, 116 people from among the indigenous peoples of the Far East live in the park and its environs. 45 historical and archaeological monuments and 5 ethnological objects used by the Udege for religious rites and rituals were found here. One of these places is the tract "Orochonsky God", widely known among the inhabitants of the Krasnoarmeisky district. Here, tourists usually leave rag bundles, traditional for the Udege, on the branches of a tree and cook a light lunch on a fire near the bank of the Armu River. In the immediate vicinity of the borders of the national park there are three settlements - the village of Dalniy Kut - 230 inhabitants, the village of Dersu - 37 inhabitants with a predominance of the Old Believer population of retirement age and the village of Ostrovnoye - 2 inhabitants.

a. Main objects of protection

The main protected objects are the following types:
birds: fish owl, black cormorant, black stork, scaly merganser, mandarin duck, hawk hawk, wild grouse, honey buzzard, white-tailed eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon, Far Eastern stork;
mammals: Amur tiger, Himalayan bear;
reptiles: Far Eastern tortoise, Amur snake, line;
fish: taimen, trout;

insects: relict barbel, vicarious earwig, cave grasshopper, Schrenk's ground beetle, Maksimovich's beauty, pyrocelia firefly, moss bumblebee, Schrenk's bumblebee, modestus bumblebee, rarest bumblebee, Chersky's bumblebee, lyometopum ant,
palearctic nose, epicopeia, Artemis saturnia, Tacre's brameya, serpentine-winged scoop, fluffy-winged scoop, magnificent moth, blue sash, poppy swallowtail, common swallowtail, Eversmann's Apollo, Gero's sennitsa, Schrenk's iris, iris, Japanese mourning

flora:
Vascular plants: Long-leaved pyrrosia, Tamaris moss, Coniogram medium, Pointed yew, Symplocarpus bud-leaved, Two-row lily, Pennsylvania lily, Bush lily, Callosity lily, Dwarf lily, Japanese Dioscorea, Spotted slipper, Large-flowered slipper, True slipper, Efipiantis Sakhalin, Japanese beard , Lichnis sparkling, Euryale awesome, Small capsule, Peony milky-flowered, Peony obovate, Chinese lemongrass, Pacific bergenia, True ginseng, Rhododendron spiky, Abelia Korean, Popoviocodonia narrow-fruited, Microbiota cross-paired, Calypso tuberous, Bedstraw amazing;
Plant communities: Geomorphological complex of associations valley cedar-broad-leaved forests; The group of associations is broad-leaved-cedar forests with spiky yew; A group of associations of cedar forests with ash coniogram; Group of associations spruce tussock and sedge; Larch forest formation.

Literature:

1. Far Eastern Marine Biosphere Reserve. Research Rep. ed. A.N. Tyurin Vladivostok: Dalnauka T.1. 848 p. 2004

2. http://www.pgpb.ru/cd/primor/zap_prim/ussuri/usop.htm. Usuri State Reserve named after V.L.Komarov

3. N.G. Vasiliev, E.N. Matyushkin, Yu.V. Kuptsov, 1985

4 A.V. Zhirmunsky, E.V. Krasnov, L.P. Perestenko, V.P. Shunts. Far Eastern Marine Reserve. // Reserves of the USSR. Reserves of the Far East. - M, Thought, 1985

5. http://oopt.info/index.php? oopt=1431 Udege Legend National Park

6. http://www.ud-legend.ru/ Udege Legend National Park

7. Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005.

8. Natural resource law and legal protection of the environment. Textbook for universities / Under. ed. V.V. Petrov. - M., 2005 ..

9. Article 7 of the Federal Law “On Specially Protected Natural Territories”.

10. Art. 243 "Destruction or damage to monuments of history and culture" of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Appendix

Ussuriyskiy im. acad. V.L. Komarova

Far Eastern Marine
biosphere reserve

Udege legend
national park

Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005. S.45-49.

Natural resource law and legal protection of the environment. Textbook for universities / Under. ed. V.V. Petrov. - M., 2005. P.123.

Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005. S.203

Article 7 of the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories".

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