What are the types of plastic windows. Types and forms of modern plastic windows for houses of any type. Construction of plastic windows

Plastic windows over the past 15-20 years have become literally an integral part of any work related to both construction and repair. This is not at all surprising, given their high performance and properties, as well as ease of installation and maintainability. In addition, the most important reason for the frequent use of plastic windows was modern technologies that made the initially quite expensive design cheaper. As a result of their introduction, PVC windows turned out to be quite competitive compared to wooden structures, often offering higher quality of the resulting structure.

Plastic windows - description, pros and cons

The design of a plastic window does not fundamentally differ from an ordinary wooden one. The only difference is that instead of solid wood bars, multi-chamber PVC profiles are used as a supporting structure.

The main material used in the production of plastic windows is polyvinyl chloride. It refers to thermoplastics, i.e. plastics that, after the initial molding, retain the possibility of subsequent processing. In the production of profiles for windows, various modifying, stabilizing and other additives are added to PVC, which make it possible to obtain from the material the necessary properties of strength, light fastness, colors and shades, as well as resistance to atmospheric factors.

The scope of plastic windows is extremely wide - they can be used in almost any residential, public or industrial buildings. In this case, it is simply necessary to choose a type of design that meets specific requirements.

Advantages of plastic windows

The rapidly gaining popularity of the design in question is largely due to its undoubted advantages:

  • tightness of the structure. Plastic windows provide high rates of both sound and heat insulation;
  • environmental friendliness. Despite the fact that polyvinyl chloride is a product of the chemical industry, as a finished material it is absolutely harmless, at least the variety that is used in the production of window profiles;
  • variety of sizes, options, types and appearance of the structure. The modern technological level allows us to produce almost any design of a plastic window, taking into account individual characteristics and wishes. Even the production of custom-sized windows rarely takes more than 1-15 weeks. In addition, any color of frames is allowed, including various shades of wood;

  • reliability, strength and durability of the structure. The properties of plastic allow windows made from it to guarantee trouble-free operation of the product for several decades;
  • ease of maintenance and operation. Plastic windows do not need special care or maintenance, additional painting or other similar activities;
  • relatively low cost. The price for different types of plastic windows is quite different. But we can say with confidence that it is quite competitive compared to wooden ones, if we take products of similar properties and characteristics.

Disadvantages of plastic windows

Like any building structure or material, plastic windows have a number of disadvantages:

  • high installation requirements. Despite the fact that the installation of plastic windows is not a very complicated technological process and can be carried out independently, it still has a number of nuances and features that can seriously affect the quality of work and the resulting design. Therefore, it is better to entrust the work to specialists, but even at the same time control its implementation;

An example of the installation of structures is shown in the following video:

  • tightness of the structure. It is a little paradoxical that this property of plastic windows has got both advantages and disadvantages. However, most residential buildings built earlier do not have a forced ventilation system. In such conditions, even the insignificant ability of wooden windows to provide air circulation is generally a favorable factor. This must be taken into account when renovating old houses, in which wooden windows often played the role of the only source of fresh air. Of course, the best way out of this situation is to regularly ventilate the premises, but it is sometimes difficult in winter conditions.

As can be seen from the list of advantages and disadvantages, plastic windows have extremely attractive properties and characteristics that have ensured their frequent use and popularity.

Varieties of plastic windows

There are several signs at once that classify the types of PVC windows.

By the number of valves are distinguished:

  • single leaf. In most cases, they are performed by opening;
  • bivalve. Most often, one sash is made to open;
  • tricuspid. To save money, one opening sash is often made, which makes it inconvenient to operate the window, in particular, it is extremely problematic to wash it. Less common are three-leaf structures with two opening doors, very rarely with three. The reason for this is a serious rise in the cost of the product.

According to the method of opening there are:

  • deaf. This window does not open, its main drawback is that it is impossible to get to the outside. A logical and easily explainable advantage is the low cost of production and installation;
  • windows that open into the room using a rotary opening method. Their device is similar to standard and familiar wooden windows, convenient to operate and maintain;
  • fanlight windows that open by tilting. The window is opened by turning in a horizontal plane. It is also often used for wooden windows. At the same time, the sashes recline either down or up, depending on the design;
  • windows that open in a combined way. The most complex of all possible window devices, however, the most convenient and therefore widespread. It requires high-quality fittings for opening mechanisms, as well as careful operation, since it can be damaged quite easily. Minor shortcomings are fully compensated by the maximum available level of convenience and comfort during operation.

By the number of cameras are distinguished:

  • single-chamber. It is easy to determine that such a window provides for its design two glasses that form a chamber between them;
  • two-chamber. By analogy with the previous version: three glasses, two cameras between them;
  • three or more chambers. The principle is simple, clear and similar to the previous ones.

The number of chambers primarily affects the heat-insulating properties of a PVC window. Currently, two- or three-chamber structures are most often installed.

For most regions of the domestic middle zone in residential buildings, the installation of at least two-chamber plastic windows is mandatory.

At the request of the customer, even more reliable and high-quality three-chamber ones are often installed.

The following types of plastic windows are distinguished by shape;

  • rectangular. The standard and most common window shape, which is designed and then installed in almost all residential buildings;
  • arched, trapezoidal, triangular, etc. Modern technologies allow us to produce plastic windows of almost any shape on an individual order. But it should be borne in mind that their cost will be higher than for standard rectangular ones. The specific amount of this increase depends on the complexity of the shape required.

The above classification of plastic windows shows how diverse this design can be. Any customer can easily choose exactly the option that suits him.

Accessories for plastic windows

Fittings for a plastic window are considered to be various movable or fixed additional elements and accessories. These include hinges, locks, handles, combs. The quality of the fittings used largely determines the degree of reliability and comfort of operation of the plastic window. Also, the accessories, when properly installed, must provide a tight and tight fit, which does not allow even the slightest blowing at the connection point.

Any manufacturer or supplier of plastic windows always provides a wide range of fittings that can be installed on selected plastic windows. It is quite logical that the highest quality, as a rule, are the most expensive components.

Often the price of fittings reaches 15% of the total cost of plastic windows.

Do not forget that high-quality and reliable fittings are an important element that ensures and guarantees security from unauthorized entry into the room where plastic windows are installed. Even special anti-burglary fittings have been developed, which make it extremely difficult for thieves to enter the apartment through windows.

Fogging - causes and remedies

One of the most common problems in the operation of a plastic window is the fogging of glasses, in other words, the appearance of condensation on them. There may be several reasons for this:

  • high indoor humidity. Most types of plastic windows are designed for normal humidity levels. To achieve it, it is quite enough to regularly ventilate the premises, since high humidity is also harmful for the inhabitants of an apartment or office, and not just for windows;

  • violation of convection processes. Convection is the process of movement and mixing of air, in which warm layers rise, and cold ones, respectively, fall down. Often, when batteries are cluttered (namely, windows are almost always installed above them, although it is more correct to say that batteries are mounted under window openings), warm air purposefully enters the windows, and does not spread freely around the room. This causes the glass to heat up and cause condensation to form. The problem is solved simply - the elimination of interference with the movement of air, in extreme cases - a couple of additional holes in the windowsill;
  • poor quality window or incorrect installation. This problem is sorted out pretty quickly. Therefore, the best solution in this case is to contact a company that installs or sells low-quality plastic windows.

Plastic windows are a modern building structure with high consumer properties and characteristics. With proper installation, they are able to provide comfortable and convenient operating conditions for a long time.

A window is a rather complex system that consists of many elements. They perform important functions, and the operation of the window as a whole depends on their quality. Therefore, it is necessary to know the features of the structure standard window system.

The design of a plastic window includes a frame, fittings, sashes, double-glazed windows and glazing beads.

Frame - a fixed structural element that is mounted in a window opening. The part of the window system that is attached to the frame and can be opened and closed as needed is called the sash.

Glazing beads - PVC strips that hold the double-glazed window.

double glazing - several glasses, hermetically fastened together.

Usually in the production of PVC windows, glass is used with a thickness of 4 to 6 mm, sometimes triplex is used. triplex two sheets of glass are called, which are fastened with a transparent film. This type of glass is characterized by high strength.

There are three types of double-glazed windows: single-chamber and two-chamber (2 glasses and a camera between them) and three-chamber.

The space inside the PVC profile is filled jumpers. These partitions form compartments filled with air. The heat-insulating properties of the window system depend on these air chambers. The profile that contains the maximum number of cameras is the warmest. Recently, three-chamber PVC windows have been very popular. This is because each camera has its own functional purpose.

One chamber increases the rigidity of the profile, the other promotes the outflow of water (drainage) and the fittings are attached to the third. Fittings include such elements: handles, locking mechanisms, hinges and other devices that provide opening of the valves. Indispensable accessories for PVC windows are seals. They are installed along the edge of the double-glazed window on both sides.

Types of metal-plastic windows

PVC windows, like any other product, are presented in a wide range, in which each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, further we will consider the main types of metal-plastic windows and their features.

So, all PVC windows are classified according to the type of opening into the following types:

1. blind window- can be part of a large plastic window in which other shutters open, or freestanding. The advantages of this type include low cost, since it lacks additional fittings and a sash profile. But, such a metal-plastic construction is not easy to operate, since it can only be washed from the inside. It is advisable to install blind windows on the first floors of buildings or in openings that overlook the parapet, balcony.

2. Hinged opening or fanlight- structures that open into the room in relation to vertical hinges. These windows are easy to use, and they provide an opportunity to ventilate the room.

3. Swivel opening (traditional) - windows, which open into the room in relation to the vertical hinges. These designs are very convenient to use, they can be washed without much effort. But, they have a drawback: in order to open the sashes of a traditional window, free space is needed.

4. Tilt and turn opening- a new opening mechanism that combines the features of the two types of windows listed above. These windows are very convenient to use, especially for ventilation. When windows are opened using the tilt method, fresh air enters the room only through the top of the window and this prevents drafts. To ventilate the premises in the winter, leading manufacturers install micro-ventilation mechanisms.

5. Shtulp opening used for double sash windows. It differs from the traditional type by closing the "sash to the sash". Sash opening is relevant for windows with a width of more than 1200 mm. When two wings are open, a continuous opening is formed, without a vertical partition. Metal-plastic windows are classified according to the number of sashes into: single-leaf, double-leaf and three-leaf windows.

Types of windows by configuration

Depending on the features of the building facade and dimensions, window systems can have the following configurations:

  • Rectangular (horizontal and vertical);
  • round;
  • arched;
  • triangular;
  • Trapezoidal;
  • Composite.

Classification of window systems by purpose

Windows can have a different purpose for the room, according to which the following types can be distinguished:

  • energy saving- window systems that are coated on the inside with silver atoms that produce a reflective effect. This results in heat retention.
  • Soundproof- windows that have thickened glass and a special coating on them to reflect and absorb sound.
  • tinted- systems, the glasses of which are coated with a component that absorbs the rays of the sun.
  • Impact resistant windows. In their production, double-glazed windows are laminated with a special resin.

A wide range allows each customer to find their own option. The main thing when choosing a window system is to take into account the peculiarities of their operating conditions and personal preferences.

There are several types of opening plastic windows.

The most popular are: folding, swivel and tilt-and-turn. Sliding, suspended, medium-turning, sliding, tilt-sliding, lifting, combined are ordered less often. Windows that do not open are deaf. There are also blind windows with a false sash. They, like deaf ones, do not open, they additionally have an imitation of a sash.

Let's take a closer look at each type of window opening.

It probably doesn't make sense to talk about blind window. Everyone has a pretty good idea of ​​what it looks like. This is just a design without movable doors. A blind window is the most economical glazing option, since its manufacture does not require expensive fittings.

The advantage of blind glazing is that it can be used to glaze large areas. Usually blind windows are used for glazing technical rooms.

Swing and pivot windows known to everyone. They are installed in almost every apartment. Open inward or outward. Their popularity is due to their convenience and practicality.

Hinged plastic windows have a high level of security. Therefore, they are preferred to be placed in children's rooms. They open only from the top and are very convenient for airing the room. But they have one drawback associated with washing. They are not so easy to wash from the side of the street. Often such profiles are used for glazing entrances for security reasons.

Tilt and turn window combines the functions of both a rotary window and a folding window. Such windows are popular in apartments. To select the opening mode, just turn the handle to the desired position and pull.

Sliding windows are most often used for glazing loggias and balconies, as they do not take up space when opened. The sashes slide into each other, saving space. Among the disadvantages of these windows is poor thermal insulation, so you can often hear about it that this is “cold” glazing.

Types of opening plastic windows photo

The figure schematically shows the various types of opening plastic windows.

Conclusion

The variety of plastic windows on the market allows consumers to solve both typical tasks for glazing their homes and non-trivial ones. But, it is important to remember that when installing PVC profiles, quality should not be neglected in relation to design.

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There are several types of plastic windows and a large number of models. Often it is because of the variety that the buyer has problems when choosing.

The main types of PVC products

On sale you can find varieties that differ not only in the frame material, shape, color, but also in the properties of the double-glazed window. The frame can be made of PVC, this material is the most common, aluminum or wood is less common.

Radical differences can be in the design. For example, windows differ in the way they open, they can be hinged or sliding, and there are also blind structures that do not open. On sale there are paired, single, separate types. Double-glazed windows can have one or more air chambers filled with air or argon. Another striking difference is the shape of the windows.

Choice of sash, frame

The sash is a movable element. It is set in motion through the use of fittings. Whatever types of plastic windows are installed in the house, at least a few of them must be able to open. This is necessary for regular ventilation of the room.

Thanks to the selected one, it is possible to achieve that the window sash leans back, moves or swings open. Some designs can rotate around a horizontal, less often vertical axis. The sash can open in any direction, which is convenient if you are limited in space or indoor furniture is close to the window.

It does not have this ability. It is devoid of a sash and fittings as a whole. Such a window can be used in conjunction with others that can be ventilated. It is not recommended to put several blind windows in one room without equipping it with opening structures. Plastic models do not allow air to pass through, and it will be stuffy in the room, and condensation may begin to accumulate. For health, it is important that fresh air is regularly supplied to the room.

Different types of PVC windows can have different characteristics: for example, structures often have different widths of the glass unit. When choosing a window, it is worth paying special attention to this criterion. It is not worth overpaying for too thick double-glazed windows if you live in a relatively mild climate and a quiet place; if there is a serious minus on the street or the windows overlook a noisy highway, you should think about installing the thickest double-glazed window. It should be noted that the glass itself can be ordinary, tempered or armored. These parameters affect its strength and resistance to mechanical damage.

PVC windows, the types of which are the most diverse, can be a universal solution for any room.

Today it is difficult to imagine a house without windows, although there are instances in the world that are devoid of this familiar architectural detail. There are also dwellings whose owners, due to an unfortunate neighborhood, decided not to install windows in the usual direction, preferring to install several dozen anti-aircraft lamps made of frosted acrylic. A vivid example of this is a concrete house in Hiroshima. Personally, I can't imagine a cozy home without quality daylight and fresh air, and our need for this is best met by windows. They can be wooden or plastic, have a variety of shapes and open in different directions. Here we will talk about what windows exist in the direction of opening today.

Gate opening methods

As a rule, in multi-storey buildings, the same type of white metal-plastic windows are installed, which can be opened towards itself (turning sash) or upwards (flap sash). Very often, half of the window does not open at all, this is called a "blind sash".

In fact, there are many more ways to open the doors, and some of them are very convenient and are more actively used in private households. Below is a description of each method + a visual opening diagram.

1. Blind sash. Such a sash does not imply the possibility of opening. As a rule, such sashes are installed in shop windows, in combined window systems, when some sash opens and some does not. Such a sash complicates the process of cleaning the outside of the window and does not allow airing the room.

2. Rotary way of opening the sashes (swivel sash). These windows can open inwards or outwards. This is a fairly common type of opening windows. One side of such a window is hinged. To open the window, you need to pull the handle, after which it will open with a rotation around the fixed axis. The cost of such windows is quite low, and they are quite in demand in the market of modern windows.

3. Folding way of opening of shutters (flap). The method of opening the sashes described above is very often combined with a folding one, as this allows, depending on the desire of the owner, to open the window in the mode of easy ventilation up or wide open. Window manufacturers provide for the possibility of turning the handle in different directions for one or another direction of opening. Opening in a rotary way - the handle is in a horizontal position, folding - in a vertical position. I would like to say that in cheap windows very often the sashes jam when turning the handles, which I had to deal with when renting an apartment in a new building. It is better to choose a more durable and high-quality option, as on oknawam.ru.

4. Suspended method of opening the sashes (suspended sash). In this case, the sash opens at the bottom of the window. It is very important that such a window is also made with high quality, since the risk of pinching fingers is quite high.

5. Rotary on a vertical axis way of opening of shutters (rotary on a vertical axis a shutter). Such a window can be opened to the right or left side, while part of the window goes out, and the other - inside the apartment. This type of sash cannot be called the most popular, as it is not very convenient.

6. Rotary on a horizontal axis way of opening of shutters (shutter on a horizontal axis). Everything is similar to method number five, only the window opens up and down, not sideways.

7. Sliding way to open the sashes (sliding sash). A very convenient way, since you can open the window to any width and it is safer if there is a cat in your house. Few people know that opening a window to overhead ventilation is potentially dangerous for cats, as they try to get out, slide down and break their ridges (there are thousands of recorded cases in the world). Plastic windows are slippery, there is nothing for animals to cling to with their claws.

8. Folding way to open the sashes (folding sash). In this case, the window folds easily like an accordion. Such windows look quite original, and with proper design, you can create a very beautiful window composition.

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