In Vladivostok on June 9-10 on about. Russian on the campus of FEFU hosted the Third Far Eastern Media Summit. For the first time, representatives of protected areas in the south of the Russian Far East took part in its work.
The specially protected natural territories of the south of the Russian Far East open the door for a comprehensive and mutually beneficial partnership with the media, which contributes to the formation of a favorable and positive image of the region. This position was expressed by representatives of 21 specially protected natural areas in the south of the Far East and the Trans-Baikal Territory within the framework of the Third Far Eastern Media Summit held in Vladivostok on June 9-10 this year.
The venue for the MediaSummit once again was the Far Eastern Federal University, which brought together experts not only from the Far Eastern Federal District, but also representatives of the central media, Russian and foreign guests to discuss topical issues in the field of mass communications.
The honorary participants of the MediaSummit were the Governor of the Primorsky Territory, Vladimir Miklushevsky, prominent figures in the information and communication sphere: Mikhail Seslavinsky, Ruslan Grinberg, Alexander Kopeika, Andrey Ostrovsky, Arina Sharapova, as well as representatives of the Primorye legislature and a delegation from China.
Among the more than two thousand participants of the MediaSummit were representatives of print, television, radio, media communications, recognized as the best in the country, as well as the Chinese media. And this is no coincidence. In any business, it is important to be equal to the best, advanced experience, to adopt successful approaches to solving professional problems. And since, according to the guests of honor speaking at the summit, journalism is not only a skill in the profession, but also a kind of art, a talent to keep the interest and attention of many in the information space of a rapidly changing modernity, the opportunity to participate in specialized meetings became important within the framework of the MediaSummit at the round table, exchange of experience, joint discussion of the tasks facing modern journalism and existing problems.
The presence of colleagues from China gave special expressiveness to the meeting of such a high level, since by the decision of the President of the Russian Federation, V.V. Putin, in the current and subsequent 2017, the Year of Russian Media in China and the Year of Chinese Media in Russia are being held. The Chinese side has similar friendly initiatives, which was announced at the plenary session.
The section of specially protected natural areas of the south of the Far East within the framework of the MediaSummit was for the first time represented by specialists in environmental education, tourism, as well as press secretaries of the Far Eastern reserves and national parks, including the Khanka Reserve.
Among the large-scale expositions that unfolded within the walls of FEFU, they presented a specialized exhibition on the landscape and biological diversity of protected natural areas, as well as activities for its conservation.
Stand presentations, demonstration of videos, live communication at the exhibition exhibits, sale of souvenirs - everything was conducive to friendly communication between the participants of the event in order to get to know one or another protected area present at the exhibition, as well as to jointly discuss plans for further constructive interaction between media workers and protected areas on the eve of the approaching Year of Ecology and the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Russian nature reserve system.
In addition, the prospects for mutually beneficial cooperation were discussed by journalists and employees of protected natural areas at a round table and as part of master classes on the topic “PAs as creators of the information field for the media”, organized by the Amur branch of WWF Russia.
Thus, specialists from protected areas proposed to involve public opinion on a larger scale through the media on the problems of wildfires, illegal fishing, environmental protection activities of protected areas, and promotion of ecological tourism as one of the main forms of reasonable and sparing nature management. Journalists, supporting the proposed initiatives, confirmed the high interest in such information and spoke in favor of the need for its timely presentation in a modern, dynamic and attractive style for the consumer.
It was also possible to continue the discussion of the issues raised by the MediaSummit within the framework of a seminar organized by the Amur branch of WWF-Russia for PA specialists on the topic “Mass events as a form of work with the local population and an information occasion for promoting PAs”.
The material was prepared by the Department of Environmental
education of the reserve "Khankaisky"
Specially protected natural areas in the Khabarovsk Territory
In the Khabarovsk Territory there are all main categories of specially protected natural areas (SPNA), the share of which is 8.5% of the territory of the region (without water areas and protected zones), including:
- federal significance
- state natural reserves - 6 objects with a total area of 1,699.2 thousand hectares (including the marine area - 53.7 thousand hectares) with 5 protected zones (407.3 thousand hectares) and one protected zone with an area of 11.16 thousand .ha of the state natural reserve "Bastak", located on the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region;
- national parks - 2 objects with an area of 944.87 thousand hectares (including the marine area - 274.28 thousand hectares);
- state natural reserves - 5 objects with a total area of 774.98 thousand hectares.
- marginal value
- state natural reserves - 26 objects with a total area of 2,611.8 thousand hectares;
- ecological corridors - 8 objects with a total area of 300.9 thousand hectares;
- wetland - 1 object with an area of 310 thousand hectares;
- natural monuments - 61 objects with a total area of 181.8 thousand hectares;
- natural parks - 3 objects with a total area of 160.8 thousand hectares;
- dendrological park - 1 object with an area of 197 hectares.
- local value - 67 objects with a total area of 37.5 thousand hectares.
State natural reserves
Bolshekhekhtsirsky State Nature Reserve with a total area of 45.34 thousand hectares was created on October 3, 1963 to preserve the unique isolated low-mountain landscapes of the Ussuri taiga of the Bolshoy Khekhtsir ridge near Khabarovsk, one of the largest cities in the Far East. The reserve is located within the administrative boundaries of the Khabarovsk and Lazo districts.
The nature of the reserve is unique and is represented by the richest biological diversity. More than 60 types of forests grow here, of which the most valuable are cedar-broad-leaved and mixed forests. In total, 1,057 species of vascular plants have been noted on the territory of the reserve and its buffer zone, of which 57 are included in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Khabarovsk Territory. 293 species of algae, 823 species of fungi, 148 species of lichens have been described.
The fauna of the reserve is diverse. In the list of insects only Lepidoptera - 2294 species, and about 3800 species of insects in total. Of the 57 species of mammals, there are both widespread in Eurasia and typically Asian. The Amur tiger regularly enters the reserve; in the past, a large predator was a permanent inhabitant of the Khekhtsir forests. A rare relic reptile lives in the reservoirs of the reserve - the Far Eastern soft-bodied turtle. The world of birds has 241 species, the forests of Khekhtsir are inhabited by representatives of the northern taiga, mixed forests of the temperate zone and southern broad-leaved forests. The rivers are inhabited by fish of the mountain and lowland ichthyocomplexes.
Of the species of animals and plants listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the reserve is found: the Amur tiger, peregrine falcon, eagle owl, white-tailed eagle, mandarin duck, paradise flycatcher, Far Eastern tortoise, Maaka swallowtail, relic barbel, Schreber's brazenia, real slipper, Japanese bearded other.
State Natural Reserve "Bologna" with a total area of 103.6 thousand hectares was organized on November 18, 1997 in pursuance of the obligations arising from the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance as Waterfowl Habitats and in order to preserve the unique natural wetland complexes of the Bologne Lake basin. It is located on the territories of the Amur and Nanai regions in the lowest part of the Middle Amur lowland (in the lower reaches of the Simmi and Selgon rivers, including part of Lake Bolon). The flora of the reserve includes many endemic, relict and rare plants - Chinese trapella, obovate peony, xiphoid iris, Nipponian diascorea and other species. In the lands of Lake Bolon, there is a high concentration of rare and endangered species of birds included in the Red Books of various levels: the Far Eastern stork, Japanese crane, osprey, white-tailed eagle and others. Up to several hundred thousand geese, ducks and other waterfowl and near-water birds live and visit here on migration. Also, this territory is the most important station for spawning, development of young animals and feeding of many species of fish of the Amur ichthyocomplex. The reserve is the "maternity hospital" of the local elk population.
Botchinsky State Nature Reserve organized in 1994 with the aim of studying and preserving the South Okhotsk biocenoses and biological diversity. It is located in the Botchi river basin on the eastern spurs of the northern Sikhote-Alin ridge in the Sovetsko-Gavansky district on an area of 267.38 thousand hectares. A buffer zone with a total area of 81,000 hectares has been created around the reserve to reduce anthropogenic impact. Among the indigenous vegetation, the most important role is played by dark coniferous forests represented by spruce forests; larch, coniferous-broad-leaved and small-leaved forests are also widespread. The specificity of the biodiversity of the vegetation cover of the reserve lies in the peculiarity of the combination of species of different origin, forming unique communities, analogues of which are difficult to find in the Far East region.
Bureinsky State Nature Reserve created in 1987 in the zone of light-coniferous taiga of the Okhotsk type on the spurs of the Bureinsky Range to preserve the reference mountain-taiga landscapes. The area of the reserve is 358.444 thousand hectares, including the buffer zone - 53.3 thousand hectares. The reserve occupies the basin of the rivers Right and Left Bureya in the Verkhnebureinsky district of the region. With the ascent to the mountains, three altitudinal-vegetative belts are replaced. The unique objects of the reserve are glacial lakes, waterfalls, picturesque rocks of the Dusse-Alin mountain range, which in 2008 received the status of "One of the Seven Wonders of the Khabarovsk Territory".
In addition to the usual species of animals and plants, rare and endangered species live in the reserve: wild grouse, black crane, black stork, white-tailed eagle, osprey, Eversmann's Apollo, bulbous calypso, rosea rhodiola, two-row lily, etc.
State Nature Reserve "Dzhugdzhursky" was created in the Ayano-Maisky district of the Khabarovsk Territory on September 10, 1990 in order to preserve and study the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems. The total area of the territory of the reserve is 859.956 thousand hectares (including the marine area of 53.7 thousand hectares), it captures the central part of the Dzhugdzhur ridge, the southern part of the Pribrezhny ridge and the water area of the Sea of Okhotsk. Around the protected area, by a decree of the head of the administration of the Khabarovsk Territory in 1992, a buffer zone was created with a total area of 252.5 thousand hectares (including the sea area of 7 thousand hectares).
Coniferous plantations (larch, pine, spruce) predominate on the territory of the reserve. The total number of vascular plants is 753 species, of which 6 species are listed in the Red Book of Russia (Ayan valerian, large-flowered venus slipper, bulbous calypso, large-leaved borodinia, unexpected Smelovskaya, rosea rhodiola). The fauna is dominated by mountain taiga species (brown bear, elk, sable, wolverine, capercaillie, nutcracker, etc.), there are typically arctic species (grouse, buzzard), as well as Central Asian species (bighorn sheep, black-capped marmot, mountain pipit). ) kinds. Of the 47 species of mammals, one species is listed in the Red Book of Russia - the sea lion. Of the 185 species of birds, 14 species are listed in the Red Book of Russia, including the white-tailed eagle, Steller's sea eagle, golden eagle, gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, fish owl.
State Natural Reserve "Komsomolsky" was created simultaneously with the Bolshekhekhtsirsky reserve (October 3, 1963) to protect the cedar-broad-leaved taiga in the Lower Amur region. Until 1980, the reserve occupied the territory on the right bank of the Amur River in the left bank of the Khungari River, but after the catastrophic fires, the protected area was reorganized, and it was moved to the left bank of the Amur River, in the lower reaches of the Gorin River. The protected area with an area of 64.413 thousand hectares and the protected area with an area of 9.831 thousand hectares are located in the Komsomolsky district.
On the territory of the reserve there are the following endangered species of animals and plants included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation: black crane, wild grouse, mandarin duck, Steller's sea eagle and white-tailed eagle, Japanese bearded yew, spiky yew, etc. In the Gorin River basin there are good spawning grounds for autumn chum salmon, visits of the Amur tiger are noted.
National parks
Anyuisky National Park with a total area of 429.37 thousand hectares, was established by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 15, 2007 No. 183-r within the administrative boundaries of the Nanai district in order to protect, study and recreation of the natural complexes of the river basin. Anyui, represented by low-mountain mixed forests and swampy, in the lower reaches, floodplain of the river. Anyui. The territory of coniferous-deciduous forests is clearly differentiated into low-mountain and flat parts and is distinguished by high biodiversity: in the north-eastern part of the park there is the largest boundary between the two largest botanical and geographical regions of Eurasia. Boreal, nemoral, and mountain-tundra biomes coexist here, in which relics of various ages and origins have been preserved. The uniqueness of the flora, numbering 867 species of vascular plants, is given by relict families. Living fossils grow in the park - Chinese trapella, water chestnut, small egg capsule, tetrahedral egg capsule and others.
The protected area is a permanent habitat for the Amur tiger, to the north the tiger is already only during visits. 8-12 tigers live here permanently, and several more tigers regularly enter the protected area. The conservation regime and ongoing biotechnical measures help to preserve the breeding group of a large predator.
The biological and landscape value of the park lies in the river. Anyui, which is the last (upstream of the Amur) large salmon river in the zone of cedar-deciduous forests. The rich and diverse ichthyofauna suggests the development of a tourist destination - recreational fishing.
On the territory of the national park, there is a high saturation of vertebrate species listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Khabarovsk Territory - now 80 such species are known. There are 40 species of plants that have the status of "rare" and "endangered" in the national park.
Shantar Islands National Park established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2013 No. 1304 in the Tuguro-Chumikansky district of the Khabarovsk Territory in order to protect and study the unique island ecosystems of the Far East, which have typical features of the northern taiga and mountain tundra with elements of original flora. The total area of the park is 515.5 thousand hectares, including 274.284 thousand hectares of the Sea of Okhotsk.
The archipelago includes 15 large islands and many small islets, rocks and kekurs. The climate here is even harsher than in the very north of the Sea of Okhotsk. This is due to the proximity of the cold regions of Yakutia, as well as a complex system of tidal and wind currents. The local tides are very impressive, reaching a height of 5-8 m at a current speed of up to 8 knots. The straits at this time resemble fast-flowing noisy rivers and the roar of tidal water can be heard for several kilometers. Within the archipelago, the fauna and flora of the sea are peculiar. These are islands of contrasts: shady forests and plains at the mouths of rivers. The flora includes 842 species of higher plants, of which 15 species are included in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Khabarovsk Territory. Rhodiola rosea (golden root) is numerous, original plant communities are found everywhere. In the rivers there are large spawning grounds for salmon fish, and on the shelf of the islands there are spawning grounds for herring, navaga, and flounder. Crabs are quite numerous. Only in the Srednaya River, the only place on the entire coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk, lives the "Red Book" fish mykizha.
The bear is the rightful owner of the Shantar taiga. The island conditions of its existence are close to ideal, hence the high abundance of the animal. Foxes are numerous on the islands, sable, river otter live. Pinniped rookeries have been preserved here, whales regularly swim into the water area, and groups of killer whales are often found in these waters. But the world of birds of the archipelago is especially diverse, which has 240 species, observed during nesting and during periods of migration. The Steller's sea eagle is the visiting card of the archipelago, its local population is the largest on the Okhotsk coast, in such a limited space. Of the other rare birds noted: osprey, Okhotsk snail, Aleutian tern, mountain snipe, long-billed murrelet and others. Bird markets are numerous on the islands.
The geology of the islands is very interesting. Their shores are a kind of open-air geological museum. Everywhere there are rocks painted in the most unimaginable colors: red, green, pink, white, corresponding to the outcrops of jasper, marble, malachite and other rocks.
State nature reserves of federal significance
State natural reserves are territories (water areas) that are of particular importance for the conservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance. On the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory there are 5 state nature reserves of federal significance. The total area occupied by these reserves is 774.98 thousand hectares.
List of state nature reserves of federal significance
|
Name |
Area (thousand ha) |
Municipal area |
Year of creation |
Object characteristic |
Organization (institution) protecting the territory |
|
Badjal |
Solar |
hard-to-reach mountain-taiga area (up to 2,200 m), northwestern border along the Amgun River (large left tributary of the Amur) |
Federal State Budgetary Institution "Reserved Amur Region" |
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|
Oljikan |
them. Polina Osipenko |
swamp-lake complex of the Chukchagir lake and the river. Oldzhikan, taiga complex of the river. kokolny |
Federal State Budgetary Institution "Reserved Amur Region" |
||
|
Tumninsky |
Vaninsky |
seaside mountain-taiga area (up to 899 m), eastern border - along the coast of the Tatar Strait, western - along the Tumnin River, which is of great fishery importance |
FGBU GPP "Botchinsky" |
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|
Ulchi |
swamp-lake complex of Lake Udyl |
Federal State Budgetary Institution "Reserved Amur Region" |
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|
Khekhtsirsky |
Khabarovsk |
Maly Khekhtsir Ridge in the immediate vicinity of the city of Khabarovsk, adjacent to the Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve |
Federal State Budgetary Institution "Reserved Amur Region" |
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State natural reserves of regional significance
Reserves of regional significance (26 objects) occupy an area of 2611.8 thousand hectares and have a complex and biological profile. Complex (landscape) reserves are intended for the conservation and restoration of natural complexes (natural landscapes), biological reserves - for the conservation and restoration of rare and endangered plant and animal species, including economically, scientifically and culturally valuable species.
List of state nature reserves of regional significance
|
Name |
Area (thousand ha) |
Municipal area |
Year of creation |
|
|
Stork |
Vyazemsky named after Lazo |
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|
Amur |
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|
Bikinsky |
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|
Beaver |
Khabarovsk, named after Lazo, Nanai |
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|
Tuguro-Chumikansky |
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|
Verkhnetumninsky |
Vaninsky |
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|
Gorinsky |
Komsomol |
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|
Komsomol |
||||
|
Dalzhinsky |
Ulchi |
|||
|
Dublican |
Verkhnebureinsky |
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|
Okhotsk |
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|
Soviet Havana |
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|
mataysky |
named after Lazo |
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|
Vaninsky |
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|
Tuguro-Chumikansky |
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|
Nimelinsky |
them. Polina Osipenko |
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|
Okhotsk |
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|
Lakeside |
Nikolaevsky |
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|
Tugursky |
Tuguro-Chumikansky |
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|
Nikolaevsky |
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|
Okhotsk |
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|
Kharpinsky |
Solar |
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|
Khutinsky |
Vaninsky |
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|
Chukensky |
named after Lazo |
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|
Ulchi |
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|
rubble |
Vyazemsky |
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natural parks
Natural parks are environmental recreational institutions under the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the territories (water areas) of which include natural complexes and objects of significant environmental and aesthetic value, and are intended for use in environmental, educational and recreational purposes.
The following tasks are assigned to natural parks:
Preservation of the natural environment, natural landscapes;
Creation of conditions for recreation (including mass recreation) and preservation of recreational resources;
Development and implementation of effective methods of nature protection and maintenance of ecological balance in the conditions of recreational use of territories of natural parks.
On the territory of natural parks, activities that entail a change in the historically established natural landscape, a decrease or destruction of the ecological, aesthetic and recreational qualities of natural parks, a violation of the maintenance regime for historical and cultural monuments are prohibited.
List of natural parks
Ecological corridors
Ecological corridors are organized, as a rule, between specially protected natural areas in the Khabarovsk Territory, as well as between them and their adjacent borders to the administrative border of the Khabarovsk Territory, protected areas of other subjects of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in order to ensure the preservation of spatial genetic relationships and the integrity of the Amur population. tiger in the Far East.
List of ecological corridors
Monuments of nature
Monuments of nature - unique, irreplaceable, valuable in ecological, scientific, cultural and aesthetic terms, natural complexes, as well as objects of natural and artificial origin.
In the territories where natural monuments are located, and within the boundaries of their protected zones, any activity that entails a violation of the preservation of natural monuments is prohibited.
There are no natural monuments of federal significance on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory. There are 61 objects that have the status of natural monuments of regional significance. Among the most famous natural monuments of regional significance are the "Landslide Lake Amut" in the Solnechny municipal district, the "Arboretum" in the center of Khabarovsk, the "Shaman" rock outcrop in the Komsomolsk municipal district.
Dendrological parks and botanical gardens
The status of a dendrological park has one natural object - the Khabarovsk dendrological park, located in the village of Sosnovka of the Khabarovsk municipal district at the breeding and seed-growing forestry center. The area of the park is 197 hectares. In accordance with the decree of the head of the administration of the Khabarovsk Territory dated July 16, 1997 No. 306 “On the Khabarovsk Dendrological Park”, the park performs the functions of preserving diversity and enriching the flora, as well as carrying out scientific, educational and educational activities.
Wetlands
There are two areas of wetlands of international importance in the region: “Lake Udyl” and “Lake Bolon”, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 13, 1994 No. 1050 “On measures to ensure the fulfillment of the obligations of the Russian side arising from the Convention on Water -wetlands of international importance, mainly as habitats for waterfowl.
The law of the Khabarovsk Territory dated July 26, 2005 No. 290 “On the exercise of the powers of the Khabarovsk Territory in the field of creating and ensuring the protection of specially protected natural areas” establishes the category of a specially protected natural territory of regional significance - a wetland of regional significance.
Decree of the Government of the Khabarovsk Territory of December 25, 2015 in the Solnechny municipal district in order to preserve and restore typical wetland landscapes of high environmental and economic importance, as well as rare and endangered species of plants and animals included in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and Khabarovsk region, a wetland of regional significance "Lake Evoron and the Evur River" with an area of 310 thousand hectares was created.
Protected Areas of Local Importance
According to the information provided by local governments, there are 67 specially protected natural areas of local importance in the territory of the region. All local protected areas are under the jurisdiction of local governments. Among the protected areas of local importance, there are areas where there are green areas, urban forests, city parks, monuments of landscape art, protected coastlines, protected river systems, protected natural landscapes, caves, etc.
Categories of specially protected natural areas of local importance are established by the law of the Khabarovsk Territory dated July 26, 2005 No. 290 "On the implementation of the powers of the Khabarovsk Territory in the field of creating and ensuring the protection of specially protected natural areas."
In addition to those officially established on the territory of the region, a number of unique natural objects have been identified that do not have the status of protected areas and need to establish a special protection regime for their conservation.
On territories of thousands of square kilometers, hundreds of species of animals and plants are protected here and a lot of research work is being carried out. The reserves have a well-deserved reputation as popular places for tourism and recreation. Every year, tens of thousands of travelers from all over Russia and from abroad visit them.
On the other side of the continent
The most famous reserves of the Far East are special nature protection zones where you can observe the wildlife in its natural habitat and admire landscapes worthy of decorating the best photo albums:
- The Khanka nature reserve in - this is more than 330 species of birds nesting on the shores of Lake Khanka. Among them are Japanese and Daurian cranes and spoonbill, listed in the International Red Book. The star of the flora world of this reserve of the Far East is a blooming lotus on the lake surface.
- The Sikhote-Alin Reserve was established in 1935 with the sole purpose of preserving and restoring the sable population. Today it is included in the UNESCO lists as an object of world value, and local biologists are engaged not only in working with sable, but also in observing Amur tigers. The specially protected plants on the territory of the reserve are cedars, yews and spruces, which form groves and forests, and lakes of saline and lagoon origin are unique reservoirs inhabited by many endemic biological species.
- The largest migrating group of the Siberian roe deer on the planet is the pride of the employees of the Norsky Reserve in. Watching and protecting these rare mammals is not the only concern of biologists. Among their wards are black and Far Eastern storks, fish owl and Japanese cranes.
tiger fiefdom
The Ussuri Nature Reserve in the Far East is the most famous among tourists. Many protected species of animals live here, the king of which is considered to be the Amur tiger. And in the forests of the reserve there are East Siberian leopard and mandarin duck, black stork and Ussuri clawed newt, listed in the Red Book of Russia.
For tourists, the unique natural formations of the Ussuriysky Reserve are of undoubted interest. Limestone massifs form picturesque rocks here, many of which have their own names, for example, Serpentine Mountain and Sleeping Beauty Cave.
In the reserve and its buffer zone, it is prohibited to take any animals and plants, pollute the natural environment, move ships and vehicles, enter, live on the coast and islands. An extensive buffer zone in the form of the projected Marine Park in the Peter the Great Bay will play an auxiliary, but essential role in the protection of the FESGMZ.
The species composition of animals and plants in the reserve is very diverse, which is associated with a significant variety of living conditions. As a result, there are both warm-water - subtropical and even tropical species, as well as cold-water - boreal and boreal-arctic; from here, their larvae spread to neighboring areas of Peter the Great Bay. The hydrology of the water area of the reserve is also essential for the richness of marine life.
There are 3 main vertical zones in the coastal zone: supralittoral, littoral and sublittoral. The supralittoral, or splash zone, is located above the upper level of the highest calculated tide. However, due to wind waves and especially during storms, the sea throws algae and various bottom invertebrates here. In addition, small crustaceans, some beetles and their larvae, wingless insects, and worms constantly live here. Especially large accumulations of algae and animals thrown out by the sea are noted on sandy beaches.
The next zone - the littoral, or the tidal zone - occupies the strip from the highest calculated tide to the lowest low tide. The lower boundary of the littoral is taken as 0 depths, and from it the depth and height marks are counted, plotted on sea charts. The littoral is characterized by certain animals and plants adapted to life in these peculiar conditions. In summer, during low tide, the temperature in the littoral rises significantly, in winter, ice floes moving under the influence of waves have an abrasive effect on animals and plants, and during a storm they are beaten by waves. In this regard, the organisms inhabiting the littoral have adaptive adaptations that allow them to live in this zone. They crawl into crevices and puddles between stones, cling to them or attach themselves to hard surfaces.
The largest number of animal and plant species inhabits the sublittoral, located from the lower boundary of the littoral to a depth of 200 m. Among the population of the waters of the reserve there are more than 200 species of macroalgae and 200 species of fish, more than 300 species of bivalve and gastropod mollusks, more than 200 species of marine worms, about 100 species crustaceans, 40 - echinoderms, and other groups of cold-water - boreal-arctic and warm-water - subtropical and even tropical invertebrate marine organisms are also numerous. Tropical sharks and sea snakes have been encountered in the waters of the reserve.
2.2. Ussuri Nature Reserve named after V. L. Komarov
The main wealth of the Ussuriysky Reserve is a fairly large array of virgin liana coniferous-broad-leaved forests, which are almost not preserved either in the Russian Far East or in neighboring countries.
The reserve bears the name of academician Vladimir Leontievich Komarov, the largest domestic botanist, researcher of the flora of East Asia. He was the first to give a description of this territory, having visited it in 1913.
The reserve was created back in 1932, since then its area has significantly increased, which now amounts to 40.4 thousand hectares.
The purpose of the reserve
1. Protection of intact mountain-forest ecosystems of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin, their flora and fauna, largely related to the Manchurian complex, with a high level of endemism.
2. Preservation of rare species of plants and animals.
The reserve is located in the southern part of Primorsky Krai on the territory of two districts (Ussuriysky and Shkotovsky) on the southern slopes of the Przhevalsky mountains. The area of the protected area is 40432 hectares. There are no high mountains here (the maximum height is 498 m, Mount Grabovaya), and swift rivers. Its wealth is a relatively large array of virgin liana coniferous-deciduous forests, almost not preserved on the territory of the Russian Far East and neighboring countries.
868 species of vascular plants grow here, including 15 species listed in the Red Books of the USSR and Russia (true ginseng, dense-flowered pine, high trap, etc.), 252 species of bryophytes, 118 - lichens, 1364 - fungi, 210 - algae.
Vertebrate animals are represented by 62 species of mammals (including Red Data Book species - giant shrew, Amur tiger, Far Eastern forest cat, spotted deer, Himalayan bear, etc.); more than 160 species of birds (among them Red Book species - mandarin duck, black stork, needle-footed owl, hawk hawk, crested honey buzzard, etc.), 7 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibians (including the Ussuri lungless clawed newt listed in the IUCN Red Book), 12 species of fish and cyclostomes.
The world of invertebrates is no less rich, 32 species are rare and endangered (Uvarov's grasshopper, narrow-breasted ground beetle, etc.). On the territory of the reserve live the largest beetle of the fauna of Russia - the relic barbel, large tropical butterflies - Saturnia Artemis, Brameya Tancre, tail-bearer Maaka, freshwater mollusk - Primorskaya pearl mussel is found here.
In general, the reserve plays an important role in the protection of rare species of plants and animals. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out here, including those of direct economic importance (in particular, on the study of melliferous, medicinal, and fruit plants).
2.3. National Park "Udege Legend"
The national park "Udege legend" was created on June 09, 2007, located in the Krasnoarmeysky district of the Primorsky Territory of the Russian Federation. It includes part of the basin of the Bolshaya Ussurka River in its middle course and the lower part of the Armu River, as well as the lower part of the Perevalnaya River valley. On the adjacent territory, in the immediate vicinity of the borders of the national park, there are three settlements: the village of Dalniy Kut, the village of Dersu and the village of Ostrovnoye.
The main role in its formation is played by the valleys of the rivers Bolshaya Ussurka and its large right tributary - Armu, dividing the territory into three large parts.
The highest elevation within the territory is Mount Armu (1330 m). The height of the watershed ridges and mountain peaks varies from 650 to 1100 m. The bottom of the river valleys is located at elevations of 180 - 550 m.
The elephants of the mountains are covered with forests with a predominance of coniferous trees, broad-leaved species dominate in the valley part, and rock outcrops and kurumniks can also be found on the slopes of the mountains.
Among the tasks facing the national park are the preservation of the valley complex of the rivers of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin, the creation of conditions for regulated ecological tourism, the introduction of environmental education, environmental education and scientific programs, and the involvement of the local population in environmental activities. The historical and archaeological value of the territory also attracts attention - 28 archaeological monuments of various historical eras are registered here, ranging from Stone Age sites to medieval settlements.
Purpose of creation:
Preservation of the valley complex of the rivers of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin; revival of the ethnic culture of the Iman Udege; creation of conditions for regulated ecological tourism; introduction of environmental education, environmental education and scientific programs in the region and the region, involvement of the local population in environmental activities.
The national park plays an important role in the conservation of the Amur tiger, as it is one of its main habitats in winter. In the cedar-broad-leaved forests growing on the territory of the park, more than 40 species of rare and requiring special protection of plant species have been registered, about 70 species of birds nest, including 9 rare ones (fish owl, black stork, mandarin duck, black crane, etc.), over 25 species of mammals and about 10 thousand species of insects, 28 of which are listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Since ancient times, the Udege indigenous people have been conducting traditional nature management on the territory of the park. The local Udege also have their own sacred places, bequeathed to them by their ancestors, keeping their spirituality, history, energy, capable of influencing the fate of the taiga dweller. The valley of the Bolshaya Ussurka River (the old name is Iman) has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Monuments of archeology, various cultures and peoples are found here everywhere. Currently, 116 people from among the indigenous peoples of the Far East live in the park and its environs. 45 historical and archaeological sites and 5 ethnological objects used by the Udege for religious rites and rituals were found here. One of these places is the tract "Orochon God", widely known among the inhabitants of the Krasnoarmeisky district. Here, tourists usually leave rag bundles, traditional for the Udege, on the branches of a tree and cook a light lunch on a fire near the bank of the Armu River. In the immediate vicinity of the borders of the national park there are three settlements - the village of Dalniy Kut - 230 inhabitants, the village of Dersu - 37 inhabitants with a predominance of the Old Believer population of retirement age and the village of Ostrovnoye - 2 inhabitants.
a. Main objects of protection
The main protected objects are the following types:
birds: fish owl, black cormorant, black stork, scaly merganser, mandarin duck, hawk hawk, wild grouse, honey buzzard, white-tailed eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon, Far Eastern stork;
mammals: Amur tiger, Himalayan bear;
reptiles: Far Eastern tortoise, Amur snake, line;
fish: taimen, trout;
insects: relict barbel, vicarious earwig, cave grasshopper, Schrenk's ground beetle, Maksimovich's beauty, pyrocelia firefly, moss bumblebee, Schrenk's bumblebee, modestus bumblebee, rarest bumblebee, Chersky's bumblebee, lyometopum ant,
palearctic nose, epicopeia, Artemis saturnia, Tacre's brameya, serpentine-winged scoop, fluffy-winged scoop, magnificent moth, blue sash, poppy swallowtail, common swallowtail, Eversmann's Apollo, Gero's sennitsa, Schrenk's iris, iris, Japanese mourning
flora:
Vascular plants: Long-leaved pyrrosia, Tamaris moss, Coniogram medium, Pointed yew, Symplocarpus bud-leaved, Two-row lily, Pennsylvania lily, Bush lily, Callosity lily, Dwarf lily, Japanese Dioscorea, Spotted slipper, Large-flowered slipper, True slipper, Efipiantis Sakhalin, Japanese beard , Lichnis sparkling, Euryale awesome, Small capsule, Peony milky-flowered, Peony obovate, Chinese lemongrass, Pacific bergenia, True ginseng, Rhododendron spiky, Abelia Korean, Popoviocodonia narrow-fruited, Microbiota cross-paired, Calypso tuberous, Bedstraw amazing;
Plant communities: Geomorphological complex of associations valley cedar-broad-leaved forests; The group of associations is broad-leaved-cedar forests with spiky yew; A group of associations of cedar forests with ash coniogram; Group of associations spruce tussock and sedge; Larch forest formation.
Literature:
1. Far Eastern Marine Biosphere Reserve. Research Rep. ed. A.N. Tyurin Vladivostok: Dalnauka T.1. 848 p. 2004
2. http://www.pgpb.ru/cd/primor/zap_prim/ussuri/usop.htm. Usuri State Reserve named after V.L.Komarov
3. N.G. Vasiliev, E.N. Matyushkin, Yu.V. Kuptsov, 1985
4 A.V. Zhirmunsky, E.V. Krasnov, L.P. Perestenko, V.P. Shunts. Far Eastern Marine Reserve. // Reserves of the USSR. Reserves of the Far East. - M, Thought, 1985
5. http://oopt.info/index.php? oopt=1431 Udege Legend National Park
6. http://www.ud-legend.ru/ Udege Legend National Park
7. Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005.
8. Natural resource law and legal protection of the environment. Textbook for universities / Under. ed. V.V. Petrov. - M., 2005 ..
9. Article 7 of the Federal Law “On Specially Protected Natural Territories”.
10. Art. 243 "Destruction or damage to monuments of history and culture" of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Appendix
Ussuriyskiy im. acad. V.L. Komarova
Far Eastern Marine
biosphere reserve
Udege legend
national park
Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005. S.45-49.
Natural resource law and legal protection of the environment. Textbook for universities / Under. ed. V.V. Petrov. - M., 2005. P.123.
Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005. S.203
Article 7 of the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories".
STATE NATURE RESERVE "TIGIREKSKY"
"MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA: STUDY, PROTECTION AND RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT"
The second interregional scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the organization
Tigireksky Reserve
Proceedings of the Tigirek Reserve Issue 3
Barnaul - 2010
UDC 58+59+91+631.4+502.7
BBK 20.1 (253.7) i431 + 28.088 l64 i431
Mountain ecosystems of Southern Siberia: study, protection and rational nature management. Proceedings of the Tigirek Reserve. Issue. 3. Barnaul, 2010. 303 p.
The collection contains materials presented at the II Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the organization of the Tigirek Reserve "Mountain Ecosystems of Southern Siberia: Study, Protection and Rational Nature Management". The data of modern studies of natural complexes of the Tigireksky GPZ are summarized. The strategy of development and functioning of the system of specially protected natural areas of the Altai-Sayan ecoregion is analyzed. Topical issues of studying the relief, climate and soils of mountainous areas, studying and protecting the flora and fauna of the mountains of Southern Siberia, and the problems of sustainable development of regions are considered.
The collection is intended for a wide range of specialists working in the field of biology, ecology and nature conservation, as well as all those who are not indifferent to the problems of protection and rational use of natural resources.
Editorial Board: E. N. Bochkareva, N. I. Bykov, P. V. Golyakov, E. A. Davydov, N. L. Irisova, T. A. Terekhina
The publication was prepared with the support of Zoloto Kuri LLC
©FGU Tigireksky State Nature Reserve
TIGIREKSKY STATE NATURAL RESERVE
MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS OF SOUTH SIBERIA: STUDY, CONSERVATIN AND RATIONAL NATURE USE
The second interregional scientific-practical conference devoted to the 10-year anniversary of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve establishment
Proceedings of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve Volume 3
Mountain ecosystems of South Siberia: study, conservatin and rational nature use.
Proceedings of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve, 2010. Vol. 3. Barnaul, 2010. 303 pp.
Reports presented at the first interregional scientific-practical conference "Mountain ecosystems of South Siberia: study, conservatin and rational nature use", devoted to the 10-year anniversary of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve establishment, are compiled in the book. Data on present-day investigations of natural complexes in Tigirek ("Tigireksky") reserve are summarized. The developmental strategy and activity of the system of especially protected natural areas in the Altai-Sayan mountainous ecoregion are analyzed. Actual problems of mountainous relief, climate and soil investigation, flora and vegetation, fauna and animal population of South Siberian Mts. study and protection, stable development of the region are considered.
The book may be interesting to a wide range of specialists in the field of biology, ecology, and nature protection, as well as to anyone anxoius in problems of natural resources stable use and protection.
editorial board:
E. N. Bochkaryova, N. I. Bykov, E. A. Davydov, P. V. Golyakov, N. L. Irisova, T. A. Terekhina
This publication has been made with support of Zoloto Kurii L.l.c
©FSI Tigirek State Natural Reserve
aimed at improving the effectiveness of control over compliance with the protection of protected areas and preventing violations of environmental legislation in relation to protected areas. Following the example of many Western countries, the economic value of protected areas is currently being determined in the Republic of Tatarstan
Boyko V.A., Garanin V.I., Lyubarsky E.L. et al. Scientific basis for the formation of a system of protected areas in the Republic of Tatarstan // Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Republic of Tatarstan. -Kazan, 1995. -S. 14-17.
State Register of Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Republic of Tatarstan. Second edition. -Kazan, 2007.-428 p.
Red Book of the Republic of Tatarstan: animals, plants, mushrooms. 1st ed. - Kazan, 1995. - 452 e.; 2nd ed. - Kazan, 2006. - 832 p.
Lyubarsky E.L. On the organization of the steppe reserve of the Republic of Tatarstan // Specially protected natural territories of the Republic of Tatarstan. - Kazan, 1995.-p. 54-55.
There are discussing motives, facts and actions at strategy of development of the EPNT system in Tatarstan Republic.
SPECIALLY PROTECTED TERRITORIES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST: THE CREATION OF THEIR SYSTEM IN THE NEW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
SPECIALLYPROTECTED TERRITORIES OF RUSSIAN FAREAST: ESTABLISHMENT OF THEIR SYSTEM UNDER NEW ECONOMICAL CONDITIONS
The necessity of creating an ecological frame of the territory (ECT) in the Russian Far East (FER), which includes ecosystems of four levels (global, regional, basin (catchment areas of significant rivers) and local) of outstanding biota quality and protective value, is substantiated. The goal of ECT is to preserve forever the gene pool and the most valuable natural resource potential, the most important task is to protect biological diversity and ecosystems, incl. at the level of nature reserves, national parks and functioning reserves. To date, EKT has been created in the Far East only in the Kamchatka Territory. The need for ECT in a market economy is only increasing. From 16 to 60% of the land should be attributed to the framework and its buffer zone from Primorye to Kamchatka.
Key words: biological diversity, ecological frame of the territory, gene pool, forest conservation, water protection forests, national natural parks, forest protection.
The new edition of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation (2007) considers “sustainable forest management, conservation of forest biological diversity, increase of their potential, preservation of environment-forming, water protection, protective ... and other useful functions of forests” as fundamentally important (Art. 1, p. 17) , and "the main territorial units of management in the field of use, protection, protection, reproduction of forests" recognizes forest areas and forest parks (Art. 23, p. 25). At the same time, Articles 71, 72 and 75 on pp. 43-46 do not provide for lists of forest tracts that are not subject to sale or lease, which will inevitably lead to the plunder of wood and biota without proper restoration and protective measures, and even more fire-fighting arrangements.
This complex problem could be solved by the timely establishment of ecological or ecological-geographical frameworks of territories (EKT) at the federal and regional levels and their delimitation with further fire-fighting arrangements. In that case, perhaps
UDC 502.3 +502.6:574 (571.6)
Urusov V.M. Petropavlovsky B.S. Varchenko L.I.
the forest infrastructure that operated until 1992, effectively saving the Russian forest, would be preserved.
In Primorye, with its more than 13 million hectares of forest with a total stock of 1759 million m3 of stemwood and more than 17 million m3 of its annual growth, instead of 31 forestry enterprises with 137 forestries, in 2007, Primorskoye Lesnichestvo was established with 12 branches and 7 protected areas . At the same time, in the Roshchi branch of Primles, with an area of 1,700 thousand hectares, 10 forestries were cut, in which in 2009 there were 35 foresters. And only tenants preparing the forest - 38. Roshchinsky forester with more than 30 years of experience Lyubov Spirenkova considers the main shortcomings of the new Forest Code to be the absence of a provision on the protection of forests from unauthorized logging, the absence of forest protection, the requirement to develop clear-cut areas of no more than 5 hectares, which, under local conditions, leads to huge costs for forest users when changing cutting areas and drying out of trees in neighboring uncut areas. However, for multi-species forests of different ages in the low mountains of the south of the Far East (Far East), conditionally clear cuts are preferable with the preservation of groups of trees of the most valuable species and with a return to cutting after six years to care for the undergrowth of valuable species, its clarification. After another six years, the departure is repeated. Otherwise, in decades there will be no more than 5% of the stock of conifers (Sibirina, 2003).
Market relations in the forest, firstly, eliminated its protection, and secondly, formalized the restoration of the best species, the care of renewal and forest stand, and even more so the forest selection activities, now transferred to the state-owned enterprise KPPK "PrimLHO". And the KPPK will apply for forest inventory and other documents to the branch of the Primorsky forestry, because it does not own the documents itself. Will the tenant create and maintain the fire-fighting systems provided for in Article 53 of the Forest Code, and even more so, will he be able to properly care for at least a forest stand that ensures the maximum yield of stem wood in 4080-120 years? It is unlikely that he came to the forest for this. And from the growth options of 1.5-2.5-3 m3/ha/year in oak forest and 2-5 m3/ha/year and more in ash forest, it is good if the minimum is implemented. And this is despite the fact that the loss of 2-4 m3 of wood growth from 1 ha per year at today's prices is equal to a loss of 100-200 and even 400-800 US dollars.
The branches of the Primorsky forestry themselves rightly consider the return to forest protection and strict control over the export of timber from the region, including export from the country, as a solution to local forest problems. And one more thing - the restructuring of forest management is reminiscent of the fate of RAO UES, when, on the way to free competition, they first increased the price of electricity, and then there is a loss of energy capacities instead of the introduction of new ones. And this is taking into account that timber will forever remain one of the main demanded resources of the Far East, especially processed timber of its most valuable species, which will not be produced on the proper scale by planting forests in China and other Asia-Pacific countries.
The ecological and geographical frame of the territory is a system of land plots from the tract and above, as well as water areas with a special protection regime, ensuring the conservation of its biological diversity and ecosystems for all time, and also guaranteeing, if not stability, then the resilience of the water balance of the territory. An important element of the ECT is - at least it could be - the forests of the first group.
N.F. Reimers and F.R. Shtilmark (1978) note that “the system of protected natural areas should be considered as a special branch of the national economy that ensures the growth of the national product through maintaining the ecological balance. Natural protected areas are not withdrawn from economic circulation, but are transformed into a special form of the national economy, as a rule, more efficient, although not traditional.
We consider a part of the geographic space representing an economic separateness to be a tract. In the conditions of the Far East, the tract is most often the basin of a large spring or a river with tributaries. The length of the river in this case rarely exceeds 20 km. For example, the reserve "Kedrovaya Pad" is mainly a tract-basin of the river. Kedrovaya, where the most valuable ecosystems occupy the upper half of the catchment area and partly watershed ranges. It is for tracts with the main watercourse a few tens of kilometers long that it is most convenient to design and equip elements of the ecological framework. This will determine the basin principle of nature management, including the formation of recreational systems by V.I. Prelovsky, A.M. Korotkogo et al. (1996).
Protected area system: functioning and development strategy
Despite the destruction of the state system of forest protection since 1992, the strange situation with the forests of the first group, which at least can be given to a "private owner", at the moment there are prerequisites for just a detailed allocation and arrangement of ECTs: the concentration of the population in a few places, the closure production, liquidation of settlements in the depths of administrative territories and forests. In 2003, at the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, a doctoral dissertation was defended on the problems of biodiversity conservation in the new conditions, when “no man's space” appears between cities, and the polarization of the landscape and the desertedness of inter-agglomeration zones make it possible to move on to the creation of “macro-regional ecological networks” (Shvarts, 2003 ). The curtailment of the economy may well contribute to the “stabilization/conservation of natural and semi-natural landscapes and/or nature management regimes at the most suitable stage of urbanization for the conservation of ecosystems - the “compression” of economic space” (Shvarts, 2003, p. 44). It would seem that it is possible to expand existing reserves, create new ones, establish and equip national natural parks (NNPs). But where is the means for this? Yu. Odum (1975) considered it necessary to preserve 1/3 of the territories in their natural state. N.F. Reimers and F.R. Shtilmark (1978) consider it necessary to allocate 80% of land for specially protected areas in the mountains, in the tundra - including reindeer pastures - 98%, in the northern taiga - 80-90%, in the southern taiga - 50%, in deciduous forests - 30-35%, in the forest-steppe - 33%, in the steppe - 20-40%.
In the "Environmental Program for the Far East" (Khudyakov et al., 1989), the ratio of protective, buffer and user lands for Primorye in the Khanka basin is defined as 1:2:3, in the mountainous part of the region - 1:2:1; for the Khabarovsk Territory - 1: 2: 2 in the south and Z: 2: 1 in the north, as for the Amur Region; for the Sakhalin region - 2:1:1 in the south and 3:3:1 in the north and the Kuriles; for the Magadan region - 3:3:1 in the lowlands of the river basin. Kolyma and in the south and 5:2:1 in the middle mountains and in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; for the Kamchatka region - 4:2:1 in the basin of the river. Kamchatka - 4:2:1 and 6:2:1 - in the rest of the territory. These ratios in general terms reflected the state of the biopotential of the territories and the importance of protecting the watersheds of spawning rivers. And passed by the Forest Code.
And what was the actual ratio of protective, buffer and user lands in the Far East in 1989? In Primorye it was close to 1:0.5:2.5; in the Amur Region - 1:1:8; Magadanskaya - 1:0:8; in Kamchatka - 1:0:4. And since that time, despite the increased number of reserves - their number in the Far East increased from 13 in 1987 to 20 in 1994 (Urusov, 2000), the real situation has worsened, and apparently only protected areas remain protected. Reserves and natural monuments could be important ECT nodes in a planned economy, when they protected ecosystems from state enterprises. Now they cannot protect against individual and mafia poaching. Still, let's hope for the best and see how to fill the EKT and how to use its best links.
Maintaining the ECT, of course, requires a new level of organization of nature protection through the State Committees for Nature Protection and Forestry (which currently do not exist), in particular, the separation of areas of activity for the implementation of ecosystem restoration programs developed in the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and industry institutes and nature conservation. A new quality of infrastructure will also be required (for example, in the system of forestry, coop animal farms, tourism and recreation), and new biotechnical, reacclimatization, and reintroduction programs. The creation of NCEs and tourism enterprises seems to be a very significant way to build a fairly fast self-sustaining ECT, give new prospects and jobs and divert at least part of the funds pumped out by international tourism. However, the content of recreational programs in our not irreproachable climate should be the most diverse: from medical and recreational to educational. And the proposed “image” product should hardly be limited to lingonberries, honey, collections of minerals and photo shoots against the backdrop of bays and volcanoes.
E.N. Sokhina and E.S. Zarkhin (1988) considered it necessary to identify the components of ECT at four levels: global, regional, basin and local. This principle of creating ECT territories is also accepted by us, although when drawing up a detailed scheme and frame map, it may be necessary to isolate the supra-regional level (Urusov, 2000).
Today, in the region, ECT is mainly legalized and operates only in the Kamchatka Territory (Smetanin et al., 2008) and includes three reserves - Kronotsky, Komandorsky,
Koryak; five natural parks, 24 nature reserves, 24 natural monuments with a total area of protected areas of 10.336 million hectares. This is 11.8% of the region's area.
LITERATURE
Forest Code of the Russian Federation. New edition. M., Kremlin, December 4, 2006 - Novosibirsk: Publishing House of NSU, 2007. - 75 p. Odum Yu. Fundamentals of ecology. - M.: Mir, 1975. - 740 p.
Prelovsky V.I., Korotkiy A.M., Puzanova I.Yu. Basin principle of the formation of recreational systems in Primorye. Book. 2. Vladivostok: TIT FEB RAS, JSC "Primorgrazhdanproekt", 1996. - 149 p. Reimers N.F., Shtilmark F.R. Specially protected natural areas. - M.: Thought, 1978. - 296 p. Sibirina A.A. Optimization of the forest formation process in the cedar-broad-leaved forests after conditionally
of clear-cuttings (on the example of the Verkhneussuriysk station): Ph.D. diss....cand. s.-x. Sciences. - Ussuriysk,
Smetanin A.N. Functional structure of the biota of Kamchatka and the development of a system of measures for the conservation of biological diversity: dissertation in the form of scientific. report for the competition uch. step, d.b.s. - Vladivostok: FEGU, 2008. -98 p.
Sokhina E.N., Zarkhina E.S. Ecological frame of the territory in the system of regulation of nature management // Social ecology and human health in the Far East: abstract. report region, scientific conf. -Khabarovsk, 1988. -S. 9-10.
Urusov V.M. Far East: nature management in a unique landscape. - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2000. -340 s. Khudyakov G.I., Urusov V.M., Kitaev IV. etc. Ecological program for the Far East. 1-3. Preprint. - Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1989. - S. 27, 56, 63.
Shvarts E.A. Ecological and geographical problems of the conservation of natural biodiversity in Russia: Ph.D. diss... ... doc. biol. Sciences. - M.: IG RAN, 2003. - 49 p.
A necessity of establishing in the Russian Far East the ecological framework of territory - EKT - which includes ecosystems of 4 levels (global, regional, basin (catchment areas of large rivers) and local) significant in high-quality biota and protective value is substantiated . The goal of the EKT is to preserve in perpertuity a gene pool and most valuable natural-resource potential; critical goal is to protect a biodiversy and ecosystems including protection at the level of nature reserves, national parks and wildlife preserves. To date, the EKT in the Far East has only established in Kamchatka Krai. A necessity of the EKT under conditions of the market economy increases. The EFT and its buffer area from Primorye to Kamchatka should include 16-60% of lands.
UDC 581.9 (470.315)
Borisova E.A. Borisova E.A.
SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES OF THE IVANOVO REGION AND PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION OF RARE PLANTS
SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURE AREAS OF THE IVANOVO REGION AND THE PROBLEMS OF RARE PLANT SPECIES CONSERVATION
Ivanovo State University, Ivanovo. Email: [email protected]
The modern system of specially protected territories of the Ivanovo region, which includes 4 reserves and 146 natural monuments, is characterized. The problems of protection of rare species of local flora, primarily species of the Red Book, are noted. A comprehensive system of effective measures is presented to prevent negative, irreversible processes, preserve phytodiversity and sustainable development of the region.
Key words: specially protected natural areas, rare plant species, Ivanovo region.
The Ivanovo Region is located in the center of the European part of Russia, between the Volga and Klyazma rivers. In terms of area, this is one of the smallest regions of Russia, characterized by a high level of urbanization and developed industrial production (the area of the region is 21.4 thousand km2, the population is 1176.2 thousand people, of which more than 80% is urban).
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